{"id":10180,"date":"2023-04-04T17:40:15","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T17:40:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/docs\/guide-for-educators\/1-identity-sexual-diversity-6349\/1-2-cisheteronormative-sex-education-6472\/"},"modified":"2023-05-22T14:11:15","modified_gmt":"2023-05-22T14:11:15","slug":"1-2-cisheteronormative-sex-education-6472","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/docs\/guide-for-educators\/1-identity-sexual-diversity-6349\/1-2-cisheteronormative-sex-education-6472\/","title":{"rendered":"1.2. EDUCA\u021aIA SEXUAL\u0102 CISHETERONORMATIV\u0102"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10180\" class=\"elementor elementor-10180 elementor-6472\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-153a1c32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"153a1c32\" data-element_type=\"section\"><div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-51d2e3a2\" data-id=\"51d2e3a2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ec1252 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8ec1252\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_cisheteronormativity_for_kids_education_1982205d-c20f-4325-9781-5a62fc817776_1-1024x512.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9319\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_cisheteronormativity_for_kids_education_1982205d-c20f-4325-9781-5a62fc817776_1-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_cisheteronormativity_for_kids_education_1982205d-c20f-4325-9781-5a62fc817776_1-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_cisheteronormativity_for_kids_education_1982205d-c20f-4325-9781-5a62fc817776_1-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_cisheteronormativity_for_kids_education_1982205d-c20f-4325-9781-5a62fc817776_1-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_cisheteronormativity_for_kids_education_1982205d-c20f-4325-9781-5a62fc817776_1-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_cisheteronormativity_for_kids_education_1982205d-c20f-4325-9781-5a62fc817776_1.png 1728w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61cb95d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"61cb95d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc4a82d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc4a82d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Exist&#259; o lips&#259; de educa&#539;ie sexual&#259; incluziv&#259; &icirc;n &#537;coli.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Acolo unde are loc educa&#539;ia sexual&#259;, aceasta este adesea cisheteronormativ&#259;, excluz&acirc;nd astfel tinerii <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Din cauza stigmatiz&#259;rii &#537;i a stresului minoritar, s&#259;n&#259;tatea mintal&#259; a tinerilor <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> este mult mai expus&#259; riscului dec&acirc;t cea a colegilor lor <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;o persoan&#259; a c&#259;rei identitate de gen corespunde cu sexul care i-a fost atribuit la na&#537;tere, descrie persoanele care nu sunt transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a> &#537;i heterosexuali. Prin urmare, este important s&#259; se creeze un spa&#539;iu sigur &#537;i un mediu incluziv pentru toat&#259; lumea.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#536;coala joac&#259; un rol valoros &icirc;n asigurarea unui mediu sigur pentru educa&#539;ia tuturor elevilor.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a781e90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a781e90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>1.2.1. INTRODUCERE<\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;n general, educa&#539;ia sexual&#259; formal&#259; ajunge la copii prea t&acirc;rziu &#537;i insuficient. Adesea, profesorii nu sunt preg&#259;ti&#539;i s&#259; ofere o educa&#539;ie sexual&#259; respectuoas&#259; &#537;i incluziv&#259;. &Icirc;n cele mai multe cazuri, ei &icirc;n&#537;i&#537;i nu au avut parte de niciun fel de educa&#539;ie sexual&#259;. Sprijinul &#537;i formarea pe care o primesc de obicei educatorii sexuali se axeaz&#259; pe o perspectiv&#259; cisheteronormativ&#259; &#537;i adesea nu include diversitatea &icirc;n ceea ce prive&#537;te <\/span><b>sexualitatea <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#537;i identit&#259;&#539;ile de gen. Prin urmare, este nevoie de instrumente &#537;i programe de formare incluzive.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Atunci c&acirc;nd arunc&#259;m o privire critic&#259; asupra educa&#539;iei sexuale disponibile &#537;i a prevenirii <\/span><b>homofobiei, transfobiei <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#537;i a altor tipuri de <\/span><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Discriminare&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit&#259; ca fiind tratamentul inegal &#537;i nefavorabil al unui subiect sau al unui grup ca urmare a unei prejudec&#259;&#539;i. Nu este vorba doar de judec&#259;&#539;i sau de sentimente nefavorabile, ci &#537;i de acte de intoleran&#539;&#259; care constau &icirc;n respingerea &#537;i\/sau excluderea persoanelor &icirc;mpotriva c&#259;rora se au prejudec&#259;&#539;i.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/discrimination\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">discriminare<\/a>, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">exist&#259; c&acirc;teva motive care ne-ar putea ajuta s&#259; vedem imaginea de ansamblu &#537;i unele dintre motivele care au condus la acest status quo:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Profesorii nu sunt suficient de bine instrui&#539;i &icirc;n ceea ce prive&#537;te subiectele legate de comunitatea <\/span><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>.<\/b><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Consilierii &#537;colari &#537;i psihologii nu au adesea timp sau resurse pentru a introduce aceste subiecte &icirc;n educa&#539;ie.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unele programe &#537;colare aleg s&#259; acorde prioritate altor materii in defavoarea educa&#539;iei pentru prevenirea discrimin&#259;rii.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Din diverse motive, cum ar fi cele culturale sau religioase, unii p&#259;rin&#539;i nu doresc ca &#537;i copiii lor sau chiar al&#539;i copii s&#259; primeasc&#259; educa&#539;ie sexual&#259; &icirc;n &#537;coli.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adul&#539;ii se pot sim&#539;i jena&#539;i s&#259; vorbeasc&#259; ei &icirc;n&#537;i&#537;i despre <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a>, se pot sim&#539;i nesiguri sau nepreg&#259;ti&#539;i s&#259; predea subiecte precum consim&#539;&#259;m&acirc;ntul, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Identitatea de gen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este percep&#539;ia personal&#259; interioar&#259; a propriei identit&#259;&#539;i, legat&#259; de defini&#539;iile sociale &#537;i culturale ale genului. Identitatea de gen a unei persoane poate fi congruent&#259; cu sexul atribuit la na&#537;tere (cisgender) sau poate diferi de acesta &icirc;n diverse moduri.&nbsp; Pentru majoritatea persoanelor, identitatea de gen este congruent&#259; cu sexul atribuit; pentru persoanele trans, nonbinare &#537;i alte persoane cu genuri diverse, identitatea de gen difer&#259; &icirc;n mai multe grade de sexul atribuit la na&#537;tere (APA, 2015).&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/gender-identity\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">identitatea de gen<\/a> &#537;i diversitatea sexual&#259;, deoarece nu au primit nicio formare sau foarte pu&#539;in&#259; formare pe aceste subiecte &#537;i nu au primit nicio informa&#539;ie actualizat&#259; sau foarte pu&#539;ine informa&#539;ii actualizate.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#536;colile pot prefera s&#259; invite lectori externi, dar exist&#259; posibilitatea s&#259; nu se poat&#259; asigura &icirc;n prealabil de calitatea programelor pentru a avea lectori cu adev&#259;rat bine informa&#539;i &#537;i profesioni&#537;ti.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;n unele contexte, este posibil s&#259; nu existe documente metodologice oficiale care s&#259; includ&#259; prevenirea discrimin&#259;rii &icirc;n ceea ce prive&#537;te diversitatea de gen, <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a> &#537;i rela&#539;ii.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Excluderea experien&#539;ei <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> din curriculumul educa&#539;ional nu &icirc;nseamn&#259; o atitudine neutr&#259; fa&#539;&#259; de subiectele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>, ci valideaz&#259; stereotipurile cisheteronormative, ceea ce duce la cre&#537;terea stresului minoritar fa&#539;&#259; de tinerii <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Atunci c&acirc;nd observa&#539;i semne de homo-\/bi-\/trans- negativism (&ldquo;-fobie&rdquo;) &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul elevilor, trebuie s&#259; le trata&#539;i ca pe orice alt&#259; form&#259; de prejudecat&#259; sau xenofobie (de exemplu, rasismul). Ar trebui s&#259; contacta&#539;i centrul de consiliere al &#537;colii &#537;i s&#259; elabora&#539;i un plan individual de lucru cu elevul respectiv. Nu l&#259;sa&#539;i niciodat&#259; s&#259; treac&#259; neobservate remarcile sau atacurile homonegative sau transnegative. Primul lucru pe care &icirc;l pute&#539;i face atunci c&acirc;nd observa&#539;i ceva nepotrivit este s&#259; spune&#539;i c&#259; astfel de lucruri nu ar trebui spuse &icirc;n &#537;coal&#259;, deoarece &#537;coala este un loc pentru toat&#259; lumea, f&#259;r&#259; excep&#539;ie. De asemenea, pute&#539;i spune c&#259;, personal, considera&#539;i c&#259; astfel de lucruri sunt nepotrivite &#537;i c&#259; nu v&#259; place s&#259; le auzi&#539;i &icirc;n clas&#259;. Dac&#259; pute&#539;i, discuta&#539;i mai t&acirc;rziu (c&acirc;nd ar putea fi mai pu&#539;ine emo&#539;ii implicate) cu elevii de ce spun astfel de lucruri &#537;i ce &icirc;nseamn&#259; ele.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pute&#539;i &icirc;ncepe prin a aborda limbajul homo-\/ bi-\/ trans- negativ at&acirc;t &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul profesorilor, c&acirc;t &#537;i al elevilor:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&ldquo;E at&acirc;t de gay&rdquo;, &ldquo;poponar&rdquo;&hellip;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&ldquo;Persoanele bisexuale nu se pot hot&#259;r&icirc;&rdquo;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">S&#259; te referi la o persoan&#259; transsexual&#259; ca fiind &ldquo;trans&rdquo; sau s&#259; afirmi c&#259; nu este &ldquo;o fat&#259;\/un b&#259;iat adev&#259;rat&rdquo;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Misgendering-ul deliberat al persoanelor trans sau nonbinare<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Apoi, a&#537;a cum am men&#539;ionat mai sus, pute&#539;i folosi programa &#537;colar&#259; pentru a include informa&#539;ii despre persoanele din comunitatea <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>, sau pute&#539;i schimba politica &#537;colii &icirc;n consecin&#539;&#259; &#537;i promova informa&#539;iile &icirc;mpreun&#259; cu aceast&#259; schimbare pentru a cre&#537;te gradul de con&#537;tientizare. Mai multe sfaturi utile pot fi g&#259;site &icirc;n <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stonewall.org.uk\/system\/files\/10_steps_to_tackling_hbt_language-march2022_-_final_edited.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Manualul Stonewall<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p><h3>1.2.2. DEZVOLTAREA SUBTEMEI<\/h3><h4><strong>1.2.2.1. <b>Cisheteronormativitatea este d&#259;un&#259;toare pentru toat&#259; lumea<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisheteronormativitatea&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;e refer&#259; la un sistem normativ &icirc;n cadrul c&#259;ruia heterosexualitatea &#537;i\/sau identitatea cisgender sunt considerate de c&#259;tre societate ca fiind singurele rezultate normale ale adolescen&#539;ei, ale socializ&#259;rii &#537;i ale dezvolt&#259;rii rela&#539;iilor de via&#539;&#259; &#537;i, prin urmare, sunt asumate\/a&#537;teptate &icirc;n mod automat de c&#259;tre to&#539;i.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/cisheteronormativity\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Cisheteronormativitatea<\/a> se refer&#259; la un sistem normativ &icirc;n cadrul c&#259;ruia heterosexualitatea &#537;i\/sau <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Identitatea cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;situa&#539;ia &icirc;n care genul determinat la na&#537;tere este &icirc;n concordan&#539;&#259; cu autoidentificarea de gen a persoanei.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/cisgender-identity\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">identitatea cisgender<\/a> (condi&#539;ia &icirc;n care <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Genul&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o construc&#539;ie social&#259; &#537;i cultural&#259;, care distinge diferen&#539;ele dintre atributele b&#259;rba&#539;ilor &#537;i femeilor, fetelor &#537;i b&#259;ie&#539;ilor &#537;i, &icirc;n consecin&#539;&#259;, se refer&#259; la rolurile &#537;i responsabilit&#259;&#539;ile b&#259;rba&#539;ilor &#537;i femeilor.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">genul<\/a> atribuit la na&#537;tere este &icirc;n concordan&#539;&#259; cu autoidentificarea de gen a persoanei respective) sunt considerate de societate ca fiind singurele rezultate normale ale adolescen&#539;ei, ale socializ&#259;rii &#537;i ale dezvolt&#259;rii rela&#539;iilor de via&#539;&#259; &#537;i, prin urmare, sunt automat asumate\/a&#537;teptate de to&#539;i (Pito&#328;&aacute;k, 2017). Ca urmare a cisheteronormativit&#259;&#539;ii, gama de alte forme diverse de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexualitate&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este un termen aplicat la modul &icirc;n care oamenii tr&#259;iesc &#537;i se exprim&#259; ca fiin&#539;e sexuale.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexuality\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexualitate<\/a> &#537;i de identit&#259;&#539;i de gen are o valoare inegal&#259;. &Icirc;n acest fel, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisheteronormativitatea&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;e refer&#259; la un sistem normativ &icirc;n cadrul c&#259;ruia heterosexualitatea &#537;i\/sau identitatea cisgender sunt considerate de c&#259;tre societate ca fiind singurele rezultate normale ale adolescen&#539;ei, ale socializ&#259;rii &#537;i ale dezvolt&#259;rii rela&#539;iilor de via&#539;&#259; &#537;i, prin urmare, sunt asumate\/a&#537;teptate &icirc;n mod automat de c&#259;tre to&#539;i.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/cisheteronormativity\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisheteronormativitatea<\/a> determin&#259; stigmatizarea, discriminarea &#537;i excluderea persoanelor <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prin urmare, s&#259; cre&#537;ti &icirc;ntr-o societate care presupune automat c&#259; to&#539;i membrii s&#259;i sunt <\/span><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;o persoan&#259; a c&#259;rei identitate de gen corespunde cu sexul care i-a fost atribuit la na&#537;tere, descrie persoanele care nu sunt transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#537;i <\/span><b>heterosexuali <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">poate fi dificil pentru tinerii <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>, dar este important s&#259; ne g&acirc;ndim c&#259; aceast&#259; mentalitate afecteaz&#259; pe toat&#259; lumea, nu doar persoanele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>. De asemenea, este important s&#259; men&#539;ion&#259;m c&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Heteronormativitatea&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este un sistem normativ &icirc;n cadrul c&#259;ruia heterosexualitatea &#537;i\/sau identitatea cisgender sunt considerate de societate ca fiind singurele rezultate normale ale adolescen&#539;ei, ale socializ&#259;rii &#537;i ale dezvolt&#259;rii rela&#539;iilor de via&#539;&#259; &#537;i, prin urmare, sunt automat asumate\/a&#537;teptate de la toat&#259; lumea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/heteronormativity-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">heteronormativitatea<\/a> nu este echivalent&#259; cu heterosexualitatea. Reprezentarea din mass media &#537;i normele culturale consolideaz&#259; zilnic aceste a&#537;tept&#259;ri prin reprezentarea &#537;i perpetuarea stereotipurilor &#537;i a comportamentelor, imaginilor &#537;i mesajelor subliminale cisheteronormative. Acest mediu poate aduce sentimente inconfortabile de ru&#537;ine &#537;i inadecvare pentru persoanele care nu se identific&#259; cu acesta sau nu se &icirc;ncadreaz&#259; &icirc;n aceast&#259; categorie. Warner a subliniat faptul c&#259; nicio legisla&#539;ie pentru adul&#539;ii <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> nu poate &icirc;nl&#259;tura aceast&#259; dificultate pentru mul&#539;i copii care au fost for&#539;a&#539;i de societate s&#259; apar&#539;in&#259; unor roluri definite de cisheteronormativitate (Warner, 2000).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A&#537;a cum am men&#539;ionat anterior, <\/span><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisheteronormativitatea&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;e refer&#259; la un sistem normativ &icirc;n cadrul c&#259;ruia heterosexualitatea &#537;i\/sau identitatea cisgender sunt considerate de c&#259;tre societate ca fiind singurele rezultate normale ale adolescen&#539;ei, ale socializ&#259;rii &#537;i ale dezvolt&#259;rii rela&#539;iilor de via&#539;&#259; &#537;i, prin urmare, sunt asumate\/a&#537;teptate &icirc;n mod automat de c&#259;tre to&#539;i.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/cisheteronormativity\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisheteronormativitatea<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> este d&#259;un&#259;toare &#537;i pentru persoanele <\/span><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;o persoan&#259; a c&#259;rei identitate de gen corespunde cu sexul care i-a fost atribuit la na&#537;tere, descrie persoanele care nu sunt transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#537;i heterosexuale. Este legat&#259; de tipare d&#259;un&#259;toare, cum ar fi <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Masculinitatea toxic&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;descrie normele masculine exagerate &#537;i d&#259;un&#259;toare care promoveaz&#259; comportamente toxice, cum ar fi violen&#539;a, sexismul &#537;i domina&#539;ia asupra femeilor &#537;i care, printre altele, afecteaz&#259; negativ &#537;i b&#259;rba&#539;ii &icirc;n&#537;i&#537;i.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/toxic-masculinity\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">masculinitatea toxic&#259;<\/a>, misoginismul &#537;i chiar <\/span><b>stereotipurile de gen<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Masculinitatea toxic&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;descrie normele masculine exagerate &#537;i d&#259;un&#259;toare care promoveaz&#259; comportamente toxice, cum ar fi violen&#539;a, sexismul &#537;i domina&#539;ia asupra femeilor &#537;i care, printre altele, afecteaz&#259; negativ &#537;i b&#259;rba&#539;ii &icirc;n&#537;i&#537;i.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/toxic-masculinity\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Masculinitatea toxic&#259;<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">descrie normele masculine exagerate d&#259;un&#259;toare care promoveaz&#259; comportamente toxice, cum ar fi <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a>, sexismul &#537;i domina&#539;ia asupra femeilor, iar acestea, printre altele, afecteaz&#259; &icirc;n mod negativ &#537;i b&#259;rba&#539;ii &icirc;n&#537;i&#537;i, de exemplu sub forma unei prevalen&#539;e mai mari a problemelor de s&#259;n&#259;tate mintal&#259; (Waling, 2019).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aceste norme cisheteronormative despre cum ar trebui s&#259; arate familia &ldquo;ideal&#259;&rdquo;, cum ar trebui s&#259; arate <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Expresia de gen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este expresia social&#259; a identit&#259;&#539;ii de gen a unui individ, inclusiv utilizarea numelui, a pronumelor, a &icirc;mbr&#259;c&#259;mintei, a tunsorii, a comportamentului, a vocii sau a caracteristicilor corporale.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/gender-expression\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">expresia de gen<\/a> &ldquo;ideal&#259;&rdquo;, cum ar trebui s&#259; arate sexualitatea &ldquo;ideal&#259;&rdquo; a unei persoane etc. sunt impuse prin promisiunea de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i apartenen&#539;&#259;, dar &#537;i prin excluderea &#537;i patologizarea altor variante (McNeill, 2013). De asemenea, aceasta duce la diferen&#539;e de remunerare &icirc;ntre femei &#537;i b&#259;rba&#539;i sau chiar la violen&#539;&#259; de gen, violen&#539;&#259; sexual&#259; &#537;i domestic&#259;.<\/span><\/p><h4>1.2.2.2.<strong> <b>Nu trivializa&#539;i existen&#539;a tinerilor LGBTQ+.<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Este, de asemenea, extrem de d&#259;un&#259;tor dac&#259; o parte a societ&#259;&#539;ii banalizeaz&#259; experien&#539;a <\/span><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Queer&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Adjectiv folosit de unele persoane a c&#259;ror orientare sexual&#259; nu este exclusiv heterosexual&#259;. Acest termen general include persoanele care au identit&#259;&#539;i nonbinare, de gen fluid sau care nu se conformeaz&#259; la gen.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/queer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">queer<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#537;i o eticheteaz&#259; ca fiind un stil de via&#539;&#259; la mod&#259;. Persoanele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> &icirc;&#537;i pierd libertatea de exprimare pentru a-&#537;i tr&#259;i vie&#539;ile autentice &#537;i trebuie s&#259; se g&acirc;ndeasc&#259; mereu ce parte din sinele lor adev&#259;rat este potrivit&#259; pentru societate &#537;i ce este &ldquo;prea mult&rdquo; &#537;i ar trebui s&#259; ascund&#259;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;n cartea The Invention of Heterosexuality, Jonathan Ned Katz deconstruie&#537;te ideea c&#259; oamenii au fost &icirc;ntotdeauna heterosexuali &#537;i c&#259; persoanele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> sunt ceva &ldquo;nou&rdquo; &icirc;n societate. El explic&#259; faptul c&#259; sexualitatea este o ax&#259; complex&#259; a diferen&#539;ei care ia multe forme &icirc;n diferite culturi &ndash; din punct de vedere istoric &#537;i geografic. El subliniaz&#259; c&#259; heterosexualitatea, a&#537;a cum o cunoa&#537;tem ast&#259;zi, a luat form&#259; &icirc;n ultimele dou&#259; secole. Dihotomia dintre heterosexual &#537;i homosexual este un concept creat &icirc;n principal &icirc;n secolul XX (Katz, 2007). Multe culturi &icirc;n care erau vizibile persoane cu genuri diverse &#537;i nonconformiste au fost diminuate de occidentalizare, colonialism &#537;i inechitate sistemic&#259; (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;APA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Asocia&#539;ia American&#259; de Psihologie&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/apa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>APA<\/a>, 2015).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><h4>1.2.2.3.<strong> <b>Ce este normal? <\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Normalitatea este un construct social, ea poate avea puterea de a afecta tot ceea ce nu se &icirc;ncadreaz&#259; &icirc;n normele aferente, de a fi perceput ca fiind ciudat sau respins. Mul&#539;i oameni se conformeaz&#259; normelor f&#259;r&#259; s&#259; se g&acirc;ndeasc&#259; la ele. De exemplu, o persoan&#259; poate &icirc;ntreba f&#259;r&#259; s&#259; se g&acirc;ndeasc&#259; o persoan&#259; perceput&#259; ca femeie despre prietenul ei, presupun&acirc;nd at&acirc;t <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Identitatea de gen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este percep&#539;ia personal&#259; interioar&#259; a propriei identit&#259;&#539;i, legat&#259; de defini&#539;iile sociale &#537;i culturale ale genului. Identitatea de gen a unei persoane poate fi congruent&#259; cu sexul atribuit la na&#537;tere (cisgender) sau poate diferi de acesta &icirc;n diverse moduri.&nbsp; Pentru majoritatea persoanelor, identitatea de gen este congruent&#259; cu sexul atribuit; pentru persoanele trans, nonbinare &#537;i alte persoane cu genuri diverse, identitatea de gen difer&#259; &icirc;n mai multe grade de sexul atribuit la na&#537;tere (APA, 2015).&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/gender-identity\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">identitatea de gen<\/a>, c&acirc;t &#537;i <\/span><b>orientarea <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">sexual&#259;\/romantic&#259; a acesteia. Acesta este un exemplu de naturalizare a cisheteronormativit&#259;&#539;ii. Chestionarea normelor &#537;i con&#537;tientizarea modului &icirc;n care acestea ne afecteaz&#259; valorile &#537;i via&#539;a de zi cu zi poate fi benefic&#259; (Norm Critism Toolkit).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">De asemenea, ar putea fi d&#259;un&#259;tor s&#259; se compare gradul de vizibilitate a persoanelor <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> &icirc;n diferite perioade istorice. Terminologia <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> este relativ nou&#259;. Dar la fel este &#537;i conceptul de dragoste romantic&#259; a&#537;a cum &icirc;l cunoa&#537;tem ast&#259;zi. Prin urmare, nu este posibil s&#259; se compare &#537;i s&#259; se cuantifice formele de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexualitate&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este un termen aplicat la modul &icirc;n care oamenii tr&#259;iesc &#537;i se exprim&#259; ca fiin&#539;e sexuale.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexuality\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexualitate<\/a> de-a lungul istoriei. Dar chiar dac&#259; nu &#537;tim cu exactitate c&acirc;te persoane non-heterosexuale &#537;i transsexuale au tr&#259;it &icirc;n trecut, este cert c&#259; astfel de persoane au existat dintotdeauna &#537;i c&#259; au fost, sunt &#537;i vor fi o parte a societ&#259;&#539;ii (Rupp, 2001).<\/span><\/p><h4>1.2.2.4.<strong> <b>Sunt &#537;colile un spa&#539;iu sigur pentru tinerii LGBTQ+?<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&ldquo;Chiar &#537;i &icirc;n societ&#259;&#539;ile &icirc;n care diversitatea sexual&#259; pare a fi &icirc;n general acceptat&#259;, &#537;colile, &icirc;n special, sunt &icirc;nc&#259; identificate ca fiind unul dintre cele mai homofobe (adic&#259; homonegative) spa&#539;ii sociale. Limbajul homofob este ceva obi&#537;nuit &icirc;n multe &#537;coli &#537;i &icirc;n multe &#539;&#259;ri termenul &ldquo;gay&rdquo; este folosit de elevi (at&acirc;t &icirc;n cadrul &#537;colilor primare, c&acirc;t &#537;i &icirc;n cel secundar) ca o insult&#259;. De exemplu, un studiu realizat &icirc;n Marea Britanie a raportat c&#259; 95% dintre profesorii din &#537;colile secundare &#537;i trei sferturi dintre profesorii din &#537;colile primare au auzit expresiile &ldquo;asta e at&acirc;t de gay&rdquo; sau &ldquo;e&#537;ti at&acirc;t de gay&rdquo; folosite &icirc;n acest mod dispre&#539;uitor. Acela&#537;i studiu a raportat, de asemenea, c&#259; 90 % dintre profesorii de gimnaziu &#537;i peste 40 % dintre profesorii de &#537;coal&#259; primar&#259; au descris acte de h&#259;r&#539;uire, injurii sau h&#259;r&#539;uiri homofobe &icirc;n &#537;colile lor, indiferent de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Orientarea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la un model durabil de atrac&#539;ii emo&#539;ionale, romantice &#537;i\/sau sexuale fa&#539;&#259; de b&#259;rba&#539;i, femei sau fa&#539;&#259; de ambele sexe.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-orientation\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">orientarea sexual&#259;<\/a>, iar profesorii de gimnaziu au identificat h&#259;r&#539;uirea homofob&#259; ca fiind a doua cea mai frecvent&#259; form&#259; de h&#259;r&#539;uire (dup&#259; abuzul legat de greutate) (Dankmeije 2012, p. 6).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&ldquo;&Icirc;ntr-un studiu realizat &icirc;n SUA, 57% dintre responden&#539;i au declarat c&#259; au fost f&#259;cute comentarii homofobe de c&#259;tre personalul &#537;colii. [&hellip;] Mai mult de jum&#259;tate dintr-un e&#537;antion de tineri transsexuali au raportat c&#259; au fost ataca&#539;i fizic, 74% au raportat h&#259;r&#539;uire sexual&#259; la &#537;coal&#259; &#537;i 90% au declarat c&#259; nu se simt &icirc;n siguran&#539;&#259; la &#537;coal&#259; din cauza genului lor. Aceste constat&#259;ri sunt reflectate &icirc;n studii similare din alte &#539;&#259;ri, inclusiv Australia &#537;i Regatul Unit&rdquo; (Dankmeije, 2012, p. 7).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;n mod similar, rezultatele unui studiu recent efectuat &icirc;n Cehia arat&#259; c&#259;, &icirc;n medie, doar cinci din 10 b&#259;ie&#539;i &#537;i opt din 10 fete ar fi de acord s&#259; aib&#259; un coleg de clas&#259; homosexual (Pito&#328;&aacute;k &amp; Spilkov&aacute; 2016). Cu toate acestea, este important s&#259; se ia &icirc;n considerare faptul c&#259; acest studiu prezint&#259; doar o parte a problemei, deoarece utilizeaz&#259; binaritatea de gen &#537;i ia &icirc;n considerare doar sexualitatea, &#537;i nu diversitatea de gen sau de rela&#539;ii.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#536;colile pot juca un rol activ &icirc;n promovarea respectului, a diversit&#259;&#539;ii &#537;i a incluziunii &#537;i, prin urmare, &icirc;n crearea unei atmosfere &icirc;n care toat&#259; lumea se simte acceptat&#259;, &icirc;n care toat&#259; lumea se poate concentra &#537;i poate &icirc;nv&#259;&#539;a lucruri noi. Profesorii pot men&#539;iona <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Identitatea de gen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este percep&#539;ia personal&#259; interioar&#259; a propriei identit&#259;&#539;i, legat&#259; de defini&#539;iile sociale &#537;i culturale ale genului. Identitatea de gen a unei persoane poate fi congruent&#259; cu sexul atribuit la na&#537;tere (cisgender) sau poate diferi de acesta &icirc;n diverse moduri.&nbsp; Pentru majoritatea persoanelor, identitatea de gen este congruent&#259; cu sexul atribuit; pentru persoanele trans, nonbinare &#537;i alte persoane cu genuri diverse, identitatea de gen difer&#259; &icirc;n mai multe grade de sexul atribuit la na&#537;tere (APA, 2015).&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/gender-identity\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">identitatea de gen<\/a> &#537;i diversitatea orient&#259;rii sexuale &icirc;n clasele lor &#537;i &icirc;i pot face pe copiii din comunitatea <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> s&#259; se simt&#259; v&#259;zu&#539;i. De asemenea, profesorii pot discuta subiecte legate de stereotipurile de gen, limitele personale, comunicarea &#537;i respectul reciproc. Mai mult dec&acirc;t at&acirc;t, ei joac&#259; un rol important de model &ndash; prin modul &icirc;n care vorbesc, se comport&#259; &#537;i iau pozi&#539;ie fa&#539;&#259; de drepturile &#537;i persoanele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>, ei dau un exemplu pozitiv pentru ceilal&#539;i. Acela&#537;i lucru este valabil &#537;i pentru reac&#539;iile la glumele &#537;i comentariile homofobe.<\/span><\/p><h3><i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-right\"><\/i> &ndash; 1.2.3. SITUA&#538;II DE DISCRIMINARE LEGATE DE SUBTEM&#258;&nbsp;&ndash; <i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-left\"><\/i><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lipsa de acceptare &#537;i afirmare din partea &#537;colii &#537;i ignorarea sau subestimarea inten&#539;iilor &#537;i motiva&#539;iilor elevilor din comunitatea <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> pot avea consecin&#539;e grave, &icirc;n special pentru elevii trans. Un exemplu de astfel de situa&#539;ie poate fi o &icirc;mprejurare &icirc;n care un elev trans se adreseaz&#259; profesorului sau altor membri ai personalului &#537;colii (de exemplu, psihologul &#537;colii) &#537;i &icirc;i informeaz&#259; cu privire la autoidentificarea &#537;i pronumele lor, &#536;coala nu &icirc;i recunoa&#537;te &#537;i mai degrab&#259; continu&#259; s&#259; &icirc;l denumeasc&#259; gre&#537;it pe elev, urm&acirc;nd mai degrab&#259; dorin&#539;ele p&#259;rin&#539;ilor dec&acirc;t pe cele ale persoanei &icirc;n cauz&#259;. Aceast&#259; situa&#539;ie poate fi deosebit de traumatizant&#259; pentru elevul trans, deoarece identitatea sa este respins&#259; &#537;i poate, de asemenea, s&#259; creeze un precedent pentru modul &icirc;n care al&#539;i elevi trans ar putea fi trata&#539;i &icirc;n &#537;coal&#259;, ceea ce ar putea duce la o mul&#539;ime de rezultate negative (s&#259;n&#259;tatea mintal&#259; a tinerilor <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>, blocarea <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Coming out&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la procesul prin care trec persoanele care sunt LGBTQ+ &icirc;n timp ce se str&#259;duiesc s&#259; &icirc;&#537;i accepte orientarea sexual&#259; sau identitatea de gen &#537;i s&#259; &icirc;mp&#259;rt&#259;&#537;easc&#259; aceast&#259; identitate &icirc;n mod deschis cu alte persoane. Nu este un eveniment unic, ci un proces care nu se termin&#259; niciodat&#259; &#537;i poate fi extrem de stresant, mai ales &icirc;ntr-un mediu homo\/transfobic.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/coming-out\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">coming out<\/a>-ului, teama de a cere ajutor atunci c&acirc;nd este nevoie, izolarea &#537;i respingerea diversit&#259;&#539;ii de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexualitate&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este un termen aplicat la modul &icirc;n care oamenii tr&#259;iesc &#537;i se exprim&#259; ca fiin&#539;e sexuale.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexuality\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexualitate<\/a>\/gender\/rela&#539;ii etc.).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;n mod similar, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Coming out&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la procesul prin care trec persoanele care sunt LGBTQ+ &icirc;n timp ce se str&#259;duiesc s&#259; &icirc;&#537;i accepte orientarea sexual&#259; sau identitatea de gen &#537;i s&#259; &icirc;mp&#259;rt&#259;&#537;easc&#259; aceast&#259; identitate &icirc;n mod deschis cu alte persoane. Nu este un eveniment unic, ci un proces care nu se termin&#259; niciodat&#259; &#537;i poate fi extrem de stresant, mai ales &icirc;ntr-un mediu homo\/transfobic.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/coming-out\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">coming out<\/a>-ul unui elev homosexual &icirc;ntr-un mediu de clas&#259; poate incita la <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Discriminare&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit&#259; ca fiind tratamentul inegal &#537;i nefavorabil al unui subiect sau al unui grup ca urmare a unei prejudec&#259;&#539;i. Nu este vorba doar de judec&#259;&#539;i sau de sentimente nefavorabile, ci &#537;i de acte de intoleran&#539;&#259; care constau &icirc;n respingerea &#537;i\/sau excluderea persoanelor &icirc;mpotriva c&#259;rora se au prejudec&#259;&#539;i.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/discrimination\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">discriminare<\/a> din partea colegilor de clas&#259;. Personalul &#537;colii este responsabil pentru a face din mediul clasei un spa&#539;iu sigur pentru to&#539;i elevii, inclusiv pentru elevii comunit&#259;&#539;ii <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><b>Microagresiunile <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">cotidiene, care iau forma unor glume sau declara&#539;ii aparent inofensive, ad&acirc;ncesc, de fapt, perspectiva cisheteronormativ&#259; &#537;i perpetueaz&#259; norme, comportamente &#537;i atitudini sociale specifice. Acest mediu favorizeaz&#259; discriminarea, iar discriminarea constituie coloana vertebral&#259; pentru normalizarea ulterioar&#259; &#537;i mai profund&#259; a cisheteronormativit&#259;&#539;ii.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Un alt exemplu de educa&#539;ie sexual&#259; cisheteronormativ&#259; este faptul c&#259; problemele legate de comunitatea <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> sunt cel mai adesea, doar problemele discutate cu terminologie &icirc;nvechit&#259;, cum ar fi &ldquo;homosexualitatea&rdquo;, sau faptul c&#259; problemele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> sunt contextualizate doar &icirc;n contextul riscului de transmitere a <\/span><b>infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a>) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#537;i a <\/span><b>bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;BTS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;boli cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stds\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>BTS<\/a>)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, &icirc;n special a virusului imunodeficien&#539;ei umane (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a>). Profesorii &#537;i p&#259;rin&#539;ii ar trebui s&#259; evite confuzia dintre subiecte.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To&#539;i elevii ar beneficia de pe urma &icirc;nv&#259;&#539;&#259;rii unor practici sexuale mai sigure, care s&#259; mearg&#259; dincolo de informa&#539;iile cisheteronormative sau de utilizarea prezervativului. Profesorii sau al&#539;i membri ai personalului &#537;colii ar trebui, de exemplu, s&#259; ofere informa&#539;ii despre subiecte precum igiena anal&#259; sau utilizarea <\/span><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PrEP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Profilaxie pre-expunere: medicament pe care persoanele cu risc de infectare cu HIV &icirc;l pot lua pentru a preveni transmiterea virusului&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/prep\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">PrEP<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(Profilaxie pre-expunere: medicament pe care persoanele cu risc de infectare cu <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> &icirc;l pot lua pentru a preveni transmiterea) sau <\/span><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PEP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Profilaxie post-expunere: medicament care poate fi utilizat pentru a preveni infec&#539;ia cu HIV &icirc;n termen de 72 de ore dup&#259; expunere&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/pep\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>PEP<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(Profilaxie post-expunere: medicament care poate fi utilizat pentru a preveni infectarea cu <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> &icirc;n termen de 72 de ore de la expunere) atunci c&acirc;nd sunt &icirc;ntreba&#539;i despre acestea &#537;i s&#259; evite stigmatizarea <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">acestor practici.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">P&#259;rin&#539;ii au tendin&#539;a de a-&#537;i &icirc;ntreba copiii despre poten&#539;ialii lor parteneri: &ldquo;Hei, fiule, c&acirc;nd &icirc;&#539;i vei g&#259;si &icirc;n sf&acirc;r&#537;it o prieten&#259;?&rdquo;. Nu ar trebui s&#259; presupunem c&#259; <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">toat&#259; lumea 1) este <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;o persoan&#259; a c&#259;rei identitate de gen corespunde cu sexul care i-a fost atribuit la na&#537;tere, descrie persoanele care nu sunt transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a> &#537;i heterosexual&#259; sau 2) vrea s&#259; fie &icirc;ntr-o rela&#539;ie. Acest tip de comentariu este una dintre microagresiunile cu care se confrunt&#259; zilnic persoanele din comunitatea <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> &#537;i care contribuie la men&#539;inerea unei perspective cisheteronormative.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pentru mai multe exemple, urma&#539;i acest link c&#259;tre <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/docs\/guide-for-families\/1-identity-sexual-diversity-8792\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">subiectul diversit&#259;&#539;ii sexuale<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p><h3>1.2.4. BUNE PRACTICI<\/h3><div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6746 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/grid_0-2.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1728\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/grid_0-2.webp 1728w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/grid_0-2-300x150.webp 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/grid_0-2-1024x512.webp 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/grid_0-2-768x384.webp 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/grid_0-2-20x10.webp 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/grid_0-2-1536x768.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1728px) 100vw, 1728px\"\/><\/div><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Una dintre modalit&#259;&#539;ile de a evita tiparele cisheteronormative &icirc;n comportamentul dumneavoastr&#259; este s&#259; folosi&#539;i un limbaj incluziv sau neutru. Ce &icirc;nseamn&#259; acest lucru? (Vezi Tabelul 1)<\/span><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><b>&Icirc;n loc de:<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>&Icirc;ncearc&#259;:<\/b><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Doamnelor &#537;i domnilor<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Oaspe&#539;i\/dragi oameni\/stima&#539;i invita&#539;i<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">B&#259;ie&#539;i &#537;i fete<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Studen&#539;i<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">B&#259;rba&#539;i &#537;i femei<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Toat&#259; lumea<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>&nbsp;<\/p><h6><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tabelul 1. Exemple de limbaj incluziv sau neutru<\/span><\/i><\/h6><h4><strong>1.2.4.1. <b>Educa&#539;ia sexual&#259; cuprinz&#259;toare &#537;i inclusiv&#259; include (<\/b><b>Tolerance, 2018, p.15)<\/b><b>:<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Discutarea identit&#259;&#539;ilor de gen &#537;i a orient&#259;rii sexuale &ndash; nu doar ca un subiect special, ci inclus &icirc;n &icirc;ntreaga activitate de curs. De exemplu, dac&#259; vorbi&#539;i despre rela&#539;ii sau activit&#259;&#539;i sexuale, pute&#539;i folosi termeni de gen neutru precum &ldquo;c&acirc;nd doi oameni se &icirc;ndr&#259;gostesc&rdquo; &icirc;n loc de &ldquo;c&acirc;nd un b&#259;rbat &#537;i o femeie se &icirc;ndr&#259;gostesc&rdquo;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Exemple de rela&#539;ii s&#259;n&#259;toase &#537;i variate, inclusiv rela&#539;ii &icirc;ntre persoane de acela&#537;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a>\/gen.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Exemple de construc&#539;ii familiale diverse, inclusiv familii cu cupluri de acela&#537;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a>\/gen.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Informa&#539;ii pentru practici sexuale sigure &#537;i protejate pentru persoanele de toate genurile &#537;i identit&#259;&#539;ile sexuale.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Informa&#539;ii corecte din punct de vedere medical, lipsite de mituri &#537;i adecvate v&acirc;rstei despre infec&#539;iile cu transmitere sexual&#259; &#537;i prevenirea acestora, inclusiv, dar f&#259;r&#259; a se limita la sindromul de imunodeficien&#539;&#259; dob&acirc;ndit&#259; (<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SIDA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Sindromul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane dob&acirc;ndite&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/aids\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">SIDA<\/a>).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Un &icirc;nv&#259;&#539;&#259;m&acirc;nt care nu presupune orient&#259;rile sexuale\/romantice &#537;i identit&#259;&#539;ile de gen ale elevilor &#537;i care abordeaz&#259; subiecte <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>, indiferent dac&#259; elevii din clas&#259; sunt sau nu &ldquo;out&rdquo;.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h4>1.2.4.2.<strong> Recomandare:<\/strong><\/h4><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>&ldquo;Efectua&#539;i un audit vizual al s&#259;lii de clas&#259; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">pentru a examina afi&#537;ele de pe pere&#539;i &#537;i alte materiale vizibile. Reprezint&#259; persoane cu diverse expresii de gen? Exist&#259; reprezent&#259;ri ale &ldquo;familiilor netradi&#539;ionale&rdquo; sau ale familiilor cu membri <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>?<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Numi&#539;i un grup de copii drept elevi, studen&#539;i, clas&#259;, prieteni sau toat&#259; lumea<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Evita&#539;i termenul binar &ldquo;b&#259;ie&#539;i &#537;i fete&rdquo;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Evita&#539;i separarea elevilor &icirc;n func&#539;ie de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a>.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &Icirc;mp&#259;r&#539;irea elevilor dup&#259; criterii binare nu face dec&acirc;t s&#259; &icirc;nt&#259;reasc&#259; sentimentele de diferen&#539;&#259;. Atunci c&acirc;nd &icirc;mp&#259;r&#539;i&#539;i elevii &icirc;n echipe, pentru lucrul &icirc;n grupe sau pentru a alte activit&#259;&#539;i, folosi&#539;i r&acirc;nduri, grupuri de mese sau p&#259;r&#539;ile laterale ale s&#259;liisi grupa&#539;i elevii dup&#259; aceste criterii.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>&Icirc;n conversa&#539;iile ocazionale cu elevii, evita&#539;i s&#259; face&#539;i presupuneri bazate pe gen, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">cum ar fi &ldquo;b&#259;ie&#539;ii vor fi b&#259;ie&#539;i&rdquo; sau &ldquo;fetelor le place s&#259; b&acirc;rfeasc&#259;&rdquo;. Nu tachina&#539;i sau glumi&#539;i niciodat&#259; cu elevii &icirc;ntr-un mod care s&#259; presupun&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Identitatea cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;situa&#539;ia &icirc;n care genul determinat la na&#537;tere este &icirc;n concordan&#539;&#259; cu autoidentificarea de gen a persoanei.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/cisgender-identity\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">identitatea cisgender<\/a> sau orientarea heterosexual&#259;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>&Icirc;ncuraja&#539;i to&#539;i elevii s&#259; &icirc;ncerce diferite tipuri de activit&#259;&#539;i<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Nu cere&#539;i ca un grup de &ldquo;b&#259;ie&#539;i puternici&rdquo; s&#259; ajute la c&#259;ratul mobilei sau &ldquo;fete artistice&rdquo; s&#259; decoreze un panou de afi&#537;aj. Include&#539;i pe toat&#259; lumea &icirc;ntr-o gam&#259; larg&#259; de activit&#259;&#539;i &icirc;n clas&#259; &#537;i oferi&#539;i oportunit&#259;&#539;i echitabile de participare.&rdquo; <\/span><b>&Icirc;nv&#259;&#539;are pentru justi&#539;ie (2021): Predarea toleran&#539;ei (un proiect al Southern Poverty Law Centre).<\/b><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">V&#259; pute&#539;i asocia cu organiza&#539;ii care lucreaz&#259; pentru incluziunea comunit&#259;&#539;ii <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> &#537;i care pot oferi resurse &#537;i instrumente.&nbsp; De asemenea, v&#259; pute&#539;i familiariza cu cele mai frecvente mituri despre comunitatea <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> &#537;i cu argumentele &icirc;mpotriva educa&#539;iei sexuale cuprinz&#259;toare &#537;i incluzive &#537;i pute&#539;i &icirc;nv&#259;&#539;a cum s&#259; le deconstrui&#539;i atunci c&acirc;nd preda&#539;i despre valoarea incluziunii. Este important s&#259; recunoa&#537;tem &icirc;n primul r&acirc;nd &#537;i s&#259; &icirc;nv&#259;&#539;&#259;m cum s&#259; deconstruim ceea ce am &icirc;nv&#259;&#539;at de-a lungul vie&#539;ii noastre pentru a &icirc;n&#539;elege de ce comportamentele &#537;i atitudinile noastre pot fi p&#259;rtinitoare &#537;i pot perpetua dezinform&#259;ri d&#259;un&#259;toare. O resurs&#259; valoroas&#259; este <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.learningforjustice.org\/magazine\/publications\/best-practices-for-serving-lgbtq-students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">acest ghid<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><h3>1.2.5. REFERIN&#538;E<\/h3><p><a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;APA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Asocia&#539;ia American&#259; de Psihologie&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/apa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>APA<\/a> (2015). Guidelines for psychological practice with transgender and gender nonconforming people. American psychologist, 70(9), 832-864.<\/p><p>Dankmeije, P. (2012) Advocate for Sexual Diversity Education: A Guide to Advocate for Enhanced Quality of Education Dealing with Sexual Diversity. GALE (The Global Alliance for LGBT Education). Amsterdam, The Netherlands.<\/p><p>Deliver, I. P. P. F. (2017). enable toolkit: scaling-up comprehensive sexuality education (CSE). London (UK): International Planned Parenthood Federation.<\/p><p>Katz, J. (2007). <em>The invention of heterosexuality<\/em>. University of Chicago Press.<\/p><p>Learning for Justice. (2021) Best practices for serving LGBTQ students: A Teaching Tolerance guide. Southern Poverty Law Cente, Alabama, USA.<\/p><p>McNeill, T. (2013). <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Sex<\/a> education and the promotion of heteronormativity. Sexualities, 16(7), 826&ndash;846. doi:10.1177\/1363460713497216<\/p><p>Norm criticism Toolkit (2016). Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iglyo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Norm-Criticism-Toolkit.pdf\">https:\/\/www.iglyo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Norm-Criticism-Toolkit.pdf<\/a><\/p><p>Pito&#328;&aacute;k, M., &amp; Spilkov&aacute;, J. (2016). Homophobic Prejudice in Czech Youth: a Sociodemographic Analysis of Young People&rsquo;s Opinions on Homosexuality. <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Sex<\/a> Res Soc Policy 13, 215&ndash;229. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13178-015-0215-8\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13178-015-0215-8<\/a><\/p><p>Pito&#328;&aacute;k, M. (2017). Differences in mental health between non-heterosexuals and heterosexuals : a review study. In Czechoslovak psychology (Vol. 61, pp. 575-592).<\/p><p>Rupp, L. (2001). <em>Vytou&#382;en&aacute; minulost: D&#283;jiny l&aacute;sky a sexuality od p&#345;&iacute;chodu Evropan&#367; po sou&#269;asnost.<\/em> Praha: OWP,<\/p><p>Warner, M. (2000). <em>The trouble with normal: <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Sex<\/a>, politics, and the ethics of <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Queer&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Adjectiv folosit de unele persoane a c&#259;ror orientare sexual&#259; nu este exclusiv heterosexual&#259;. Acest termen general include persoanele care au identit&#259;&#539;i nonbinare, de gen fluid sau care nu se conformeaz&#259; la gen.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/queer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">queer<\/a> life<\/em>. Harvard University Press.<\/p><p>Waling, A. (2019). Problematising &lsquo;toxic&rsquo; and &lsquo;healthy&rsquo; masculinity for addressing gender inequalities. <em>Australian Feminist Studies, 34(101)<\/em>, 362-375.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\/*! elementor &ndash; v3.12.2 &ndash; 23-04-2023 *\/ .elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=&rdquo;.svg&rdquo;]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block} \/*! elementor &ndash; v3.12.2 &ndash; 23-04-2023 *\/ .elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(&ndash;spacer-size)}.e-con{&ndash;container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(&ndash;container-widget-width,var(&ndash;spacer-size));&ndash;align-self:var(&ndash;container-widget-align-self,initial);&ndash;flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container,.e-con-inner&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container&gt;.elementor-spacer,.e-con&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container,.e-con&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container&gt;.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container&gt;.elementor-spacer&gt;.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container&gt;.elementor-spacer&gt;.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(&ndash;container-widget-height,var(&ndash;spacer-size))} Exist&#259; o lips&#259; de educa&#539;ie sexual&#259; incluziv&#259; &icirc;n &#537;coli. Acolo unde are loc educa&#539;ia sexual&#259;, aceasta este adesea cisheteronormativ&#259;, excluz&acirc;nd astfel tinerii <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>. Din cauza stigmatiz&#259;rii &#537;i a stresului minoritar, s&#259;n&#259;tatea mintal&#259; a tinerilor [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":10134,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-10180","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","no-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/10180","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10180"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/10180\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/10134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10180"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=10180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}