{"id":10146,"date":"2023-04-04T16:48:57","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T16:48:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/docs\/guide-for-educators\/4-violence-6359\/"},"modified":"2023-05-22T17:33:55","modified_gmt":"2023-05-22T17:33:55","slug":"4-violence-6359","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/docs\/guide-for-educators\/4-violence-6359\/","title":{"rendered":"4. VIOLEN\u021a\u0102"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10146\" class=\"elementor elementor-10146 elementor-6359\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b0995a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b0995a3\" data-element_type=\"section\"><div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-674c1fc7\" data-id=\"674c1fc7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac36642 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ac36642\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_lost_jugment_school_fight_98601bda-0af8-4b05-8abb-f92a84385055-1024x512.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9399\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_lost_jugment_school_fight_98601bda-0af8-4b05-8abb-f92a84385055-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_lost_jugment_school_fight_98601bda-0af8-4b05-8abb-f92a84385055-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_lost_jugment_school_fight_98601bda-0af8-4b05-8abb-f92a84385055-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_lost_jugment_school_fight_98601bda-0af8-4b05-8abb-f92a84385055-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_lost_jugment_school_fight_98601bda-0af8-4b05-8abb-f92a84385055.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec9ddea elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ec9ddea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47a83e68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"47a83e68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Probabil c&#259; <\/span><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a f&#259;cut &icirc;ntotdeauna parte din experien&#539;a uman&#259;. Impactul acesteia poate fi v&#259;zut, &icirc;n diferite forme, &icirc;n toate p&#259;r&#539;ile lumii. &Icirc;n fiecare an, peste un milion de persoane &icirc;&#537;i pierd via&#539;a &#537;i multe altele sufer&#259; r&#259;ni neletale din cauza violen&#539;ei autoprovocate, interpersonale sau colective. &Icirc;n general, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> se num&#259;r&#259; printre principalele cauze de deces la nivel mondial pentru persoanele cu v&acirc;rste cuprinse &icirc;ntre 15 &#537;i 44 de ani (Krug, Dahlberg, Mercy, Zwi &#537;i Lozano, 2002).<\/span><\/p><p><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Violen&#539;a<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare. <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;OMS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Organiza&#539;ia Mondial&#259; a S&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/who\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>OMS<\/a> (Krug et al., 2002) define&#537;te <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> ca fiind: &ldquo;utilizarea inten&#539;ionat&#259; a for&#539;ei fizice sau a puterii, amenin&#539;at&#259; sau real&#259;, &icirc;mpotriva propriei persoane, a altei persoane sau &icirc;mpotriva unui grup sau a unei comunit&#259;&#539;i, care are ca rezultat sau are o mare probabilitate de a avea ca rezultat r&#259;nirea, moartea, v&#259;t&#259;marea psihologic&#259;, dezvoltarea defectuoas&#259; sau privarea&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Violen&#539;a<\/a> se poate baza pe rasa, na&#539;ionalitatea, religia, starea civil&#259;, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Orientarea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la un model durabil de atrac&#539;ii emo&#539;ionale, romantice &#537;i\/sau sexuale fa&#539;&#259; de b&#259;rba&#539;i, femei sau fa&#539;&#259; de ambele sexe.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-orientation\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">orientarea sexual&#259;<\/a>, situa&#539;ia financiar&#259;, v&acirc;rsta &#537;i sexul unei persoane. &Icirc;n cazul &icirc;n care <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> vizeaz&#259; anumite caracteristici care nu se pot schimba, atunci este considerat&#259; infrac&#539;iune motivat&#259; de ur&#259;.<\/span><\/p><p><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Violen&#539;a<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">este o problem&#259; major&#259; de s&#259;n&#259;tate public&#259;. Aceasta afecteaz&#259; via&#539;a a miliarde de oameni &icirc;n fiecare an, prin deces, r&#259;niri &#537;i efecte d&#259;un&#259;toare asupra sistemelor neurologice, cardiovasculare, imunitare &#537;i a altor sisteme biologice. Sexul neprotejat, consumul nociv de alcool &#537;i de droguri &#537;i fumatul sunt mai frecvente &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul victimelor, &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul c&#259;rora contribuie la o stare de s&#259;n&#259;tate precar&#259; pe tot parcursul vie&#539;ii &#537;i la mortalitate prematur&#259;. Persoanele maltratate &icirc;n copil&#259;rie sunt mai predispuse s&#259; fie implicate &icirc;n violen&#539;&#259; interpersonal&#259; la maturitate &#537;i s&#259; &icirc;ncerce s&#259; se sinucid&#259; (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;OMS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Organiza&#539;ia Mondial&#259; a S&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/who\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>OMS<\/a>, 2022).<\/span><\/p><h5><b>Tipologia violen&#539;ei<\/b><\/h5><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tipologia propus&#259; aici &icirc;mparte <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> &icirc;n trei mari categorii, &icirc;n func&#539;ie de caracteristicile celor care comit actul violent (Butchart, Phinney, Check &#537;i Villaveces, 2004; Krug et al., 2002):<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Violen&#539;a<\/a> autodirijat&#259;<\/b><b>: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">se<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">refer&#259; la <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> &icirc;n care autorul &#537;i victima sunt acela&#537;i individ &#537;i se &icirc;mparte &icirc;n autoagresiune &#537;i sinucidere.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a interpersonal&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la violen&#539;a &icirc;ntre indivizi &#537;i este subdivizat&#259; &icirc;n violen&#539;&#259; &icirc;n familie &#537;i &icirc;ntre parteneri intimi, precum &#537;i &icirc;n violen&#539;&#259; comunitar&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/interpersonal-violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Violen&#539;a interpersonal&#259;<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: se refer&#259; la <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> &icirc;ntre indivizi &#537;i este &icirc;mp&#259;r&#539;it&#259; &icirc;n dou&#259; subcategorii:<\/span><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Violen&#539;a<\/a> &icirc;n familie &#537;i a partenerului <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">intim: include <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Maltratarea&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;(inclusiv pedeapsa violent&#259;): implic&#259; violen&#539;a fizic&#259;, sexual&#259; &#537;i psihologic&#259;\/emo&#539;ional&#259;; &#537;i neglijarea sugarilor, copiilor &#537;i adolescen&#539;ilor de c&#259;tre p&#259;rin&#539;i, &icirc;ngrijitori &#537;i alte figuri de autoritate, cel mai adesea &icirc;n familie, dar &#537;i &icirc;n medii precum &#537;colile &#537;i orfelinatele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/maltreatment\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">maltratarea<\/a> copiilor, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a partenerului intim&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;implic&#259; violen&#539;&#259; fizic&#259;, sexual&#259;, emo&#539;ional&#259; &#537;i economic&#259; din partea unui partener intim sau a unui fost partener. De&#537;i b&#259;rba&#539;ii pot fi &#537;i ei victime, violen&#539;a partenerului intim afecteaz&#259; &icirc;n mod dispropor&#539;ionat femeile. Aceasta apare mai ales &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul tinerilor.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/intimate-partner-violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a partenerului intim<\/a> &#537;i abuzul asupra persoanelor &icirc;n v&acirc;rst&#259;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Violen&#539;a<\/a> &icirc;n comunitate<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: este &icirc;mp&#259;r&#539;it&#259; &icirc;n violen&#539;&#259; &icirc;ntre cunoscu&#539;i &#537;i str&#259;ini &#537;i include <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul tinerilor&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este concentrat&#259; &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul copiilor &#537;i al adul&#539;ilor tineri cu v&acirc;rste cuprinse &icirc;ntre 10 &#537;i 29 de ani.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/youth-violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul tinerilor<\/a>, atacurile comise de str&#259;ini, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> legat&#259; de infrac&#539;iuni &icirc;mpotriva propriet&#259;&#539;ii &#537;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> la locul de munc&#259; &#537;i &icirc;n alte institu&#539;ii.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a colectiv&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la violen&#539;a comis&#259; de grupuri mai mari de indivizi &#537;i poate fi &icirc;mp&#259;r&#539;it&#259; &icirc;n violen&#539;&#259; social&#259;, politic&#259; &#537;i economic&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/collective-violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Violen&#539;a colectiv&#259;<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: se refer&#259; la <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> comis&#259; de grupuri mai mari de indivizi &#537;i poate fi &icirc;mp&#259;r&#539;it&#259; &icirc;n violen&#539;&#259; social&#259;, politic&#259; &#537;i economic&#259;.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h5><b>Natura actelor de violen&#539;&#259;<\/b><\/h5><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Natura actelor de violen&#539;&#259; poate fi (Krug et al., 2002; Soo, Kalmus, &amp; Ainsaar, 2015):<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fizic&#259;: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">utilizarea inten&#539;ionat&#259; a for&#539;ei fizice &icirc;mpotriva unei alte persoane, care poate provoca durere fizic&#259;, r&#259;niri sau chiar moartea, precum &#537;i daune psihologice. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a fizic&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Orice act care cauzeaz&#259; v&#259;t&#259;m&#259;ri fizice actualului sau fostului partener ca urmare a folosirii ilegale a for&#539;ei fizice.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/physical-violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Violen&#539;a fizic&#259;<\/a> este cea mai u&#537;or de recunoscut form&#259; de violen&#539;&#259;, deoarece victima are adesea leziuni fizice vizibile.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>&nbsp;<\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>&nbsp;Sexual&#259;: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&icirc;mpotriva unui adult este orice comportament cu con&#539;inut sexual prin care o alt&#259; persoan&#259; este controlat&#259;, manipulat&#259; sau umilit&#259;. Cauzele violen&#539;ei sexuale &icirc;n cadrul unei rela&#539;ii se afl&#259; &icirc;n no&#539;iunile patriarhale de lung&#259; durat&#259;, conform c&#259;rora a fi c&#259;s&#259;torit sau a fi &icirc;ntr-o rela&#539;ie &icirc;nseamn&#259; supunerea obligatorie la dorin&#539;ele sexuale ale partenerului (a se vedea <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1NIw_OaN2LU2zADU7HBcj2RFNUXwFIXsH\/edit#bookmark=id.2s8eyo1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">subiectul 4.4<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> pentru mai multe informa&#539;ii).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Psihologic&#259;: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">un atac continuu, verbal sau non-verbal, care d&#259;uneaz&#259; unei alte persoane din punct de vedere emo&#539;ional &#537;i &icirc;i diminueaz&#259; sentimentul de autoapreciere. Este r&#259;nirea inten&#539;ionat&#259; a unei alte persoane, trat&acirc;nd-o ca fiind lipsit&#259; de valoare, inadecvat&#259;, neiubit&#259; &#537;i necesar&#259;.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;n ciuda faptului c&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> a fost &icirc;ntotdeauna prezent&#259;, lumea nu trebuie s&#259; o accepte ca pe o parte inevitabil&#259; a condi&#539;iei umane. At&acirc;ta timp c&acirc;t a existat <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a>, au existat &#537;i sisteme &ndash; religioase, filozofice, juridice &#537;i comunitare &ndash; care s-au dezvoltat pentru a o preveni sau limita. Nici unul nu a avut un succes deplin, dar toate &#537;i-au adus contribu&#539;ia la acest semn definitoriu al civiliza&#539;iei (Krug et al., 2002)<\/span><\/p><h5><b>De ce se comport&#259; indivizii &icirc;n mod violent?<\/b><\/h5><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Potrivit <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;OMS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Organiza&#539;ia Mondial&#259; a S&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/who\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>OMS<\/a> (Butchart et al., 2004; Krug et al., 2002), niciun factor unic nu explic&#259; motivele pentru care unii indivizi se comport&#259; violent fa&#539;&#259; de al&#539;ii sau de ce <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> este mai r&#259;sp&acirc;ndit&#259; &icirc;n anumite comunit&#259;&#539;i dec&acirc;t &icirc;n altele. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Violen&#539;a<\/a> este rezultatul interac&#539;iunii complexe a unor factori individuali, interpersonali, sociali, culturali &#537;i de mediu. &Icirc;n&#539;elegerea modului &icirc;n care ace&#537;ti factori sunt lega&#539;i de violen&#539;&#259; este unul dintre pa&#537;ii importan&#539;i &icirc;n abordarea s&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii publice pentru prevenirea violen&#539;ei.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pentru a &icirc;n&#539;elege de ce anumite subpopula&#539;ii sunt mai expuse riscului de violen&#539;&#259;, este important s&#259; analiz&#259;m toate nivelurile <\/span><b>ecologiei sociale <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a se vedea Figura 1 &icirc;n abordarea <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;OMS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Organiza&#539;ia Mondial&#259; a S&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/who\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>OMS<\/a> (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;OMS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Organiza&#539;ia Mondial&#259; a S&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/who\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>OMS<\/a>, 2022). Modelul ecologic social &icirc;ncurajeaz&#259; reflec&#539;ia asupra factorilor de risc &#537;i de protec&#539;ie la <\/span><b>nivel individual, rela&#539;ional, comunitar &#537;i societal, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">fiecare dintre ace&#537;tia influen&#539;&acirc;ndu-i &#537;i fiind influen&#539;at de ceilal&#539;i.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Nivelul individual: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">istoricul personal &#537;i factorii biologici influen&#539;eaz&#259; modul &icirc;n care se comport&#259; indivizii &#537;i probabilitatea ca ace&#537;tia s&#259; devin&#259; victime sau autori de acte de violen&#539;&#259;. Printre ace&#537;ti factori se num&#259;r&#259; faptul de a fi fost victim&#259; a maltrat&#259;rii copiilor, tulbur&#259;rile psihologice sau de personalitate, abuzul de alcool &#537;i\/sau de substan&#539;e, precum &#537;i un istoric de comportament agresiv sau de abuzuri.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Rela&#539;iile personale, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">cum ar fi cele cu familia, prietenii, partenerii intimi &#537;i colegii, pot influen&#539;a, de asemenea, riscurile de a deveni victim&#259; sau autor al violen&#539;ei. De exemplu, o rela&#539;ie proast&#259; cu un p&#259;rinte &#537;i faptul c&#259; are prieteni violen&#539;i pot influen&#539;a faptul c&#259; un t&acirc;n&#259;r se angajeaz&#259; &icirc;n acte violente sau devine victim&#259; a violen&#539;ei.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Contextele comunitare <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&icirc;n care au loc rela&#539;iile sociale (cum ar fi &#537;colile, cartierele &#537;i locurile de munc&#259;) influen&#539;eaz&#259;, de asemenea, probabilitatea apari&#539;iei violen&#539;ei. Factorii de risc &icirc;n acest caz pot include nivelul &#537;omajului, densitatea &#537;i mobilitatea popula&#539;iei &#537;i existen&#539;a unui trafic local de droguri sau de arme.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Factorii societali <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">influen&#539;eaz&#259; &icirc;ncurajarea sau inhibarea violen&#539;ei. Printre ace&#537;tia se num&#259;r&#259; politicile economice &#537;i sociale care men&#539;in inegalit&#259;&#539;ile socio-economice &icirc;ntre oameni, disponibilitatea armelor &#537;i normele sociale &#537;i culturale, cum ar fi cele referitoare la domina&#539;ia b&#259;rba&#539;ilor asupra femeilor, domina&#539;ia p&#259;rin&#539;ilor asupra copiilor &#537;i normele culturale care sus&#539;in <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> ca metod&#259; acceptabil&#259; de rezolvare a conflictelor (Butchart et al., 2004).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unul dintre obiectivele ghidului este de a oferi educatorilor &#537;i familiilor resurse eficiente pentru a cre&#537;te gradul de con&#537;tientizare a valorilor aplicate la <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a> &#537;i afec&#539;iuni, cum ar fi <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Egalitatea de gen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la egalitatea de drepturi, responsabilit&#259;&#539;i &#537;i oportunit&#259;&#539;i &icirc;ntre femei &#537;i b&#259;rba&#539;i, fete &#537;i b&#259;ie&#539;i (masculinit&#259;&#539;i &#537;i feminit&#259;&#539;i).&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/gender-equality\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">egalitatea de gen<\/a>. &Icirc;n acest ghid ne-am axat pe <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a interpersonal&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la violen&#539;a &icirc;ntre indivizi &#537;i este subdivizat&#259; &icirc;n violen&#539;&#259; &icirc;n familie &#537;i &icirc;ntre parteneri intimi, precum &#537;i &icirc;n violen&#539;&#259; comunitar&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/interpersonal-violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a interpersonal&#259;<\/a> &#537;i, mai exact, pe <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> care se bazeaz&#259; pe discriminarea &icirc;n func&#539;ie de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a> sau de gen &#537;i, a&#537;a cum se spune &icirc;n a&#537;a-numita Conven&#539;ie de la Istanbul, pe &ldquo;rela&#539;iile de putere inegal&#259; din punct de vedere istoric &icirc;ntre femeile &#537;i b&#259;rba&#539;ii, care au condus la domina&#539;ia &#537;i discriminarea femeilor de c&#259;tre b&#259;rba&#539;i&rdquo; (Consiliul Europei, 2011) &#537;i, de asemenea, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Bullying&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;(inclusiv cyber-bullying): este un comportament agresiv nedorit. din partea unui alt copil sau a unui grup de copii care nu sunt nici fra&#539;i &#537;i nici nu au o rela&#539;ie romantic&#259; cu victima. Implic&#259; v&#259;t&#259;m&#259;ri fizice, psihologice sau sociale repetate &#537;i are loc adesea &icirc;n &#537;coli &#537;i &icirc;n alte medii &icirc;n care se adun&#259; copiii, precum &#537;i online.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/bullying\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bullying<\/a>-ul ca act de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Discriminare&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit&#259; ca fiind tratamentul inegal &#537;i nefavorabil al unui subiect sau al unui grup ca urmare a unei prejudec&#259;&#539;i. Nu este vorba doar de judec&#259;&#539;i sau de sentimente nefavorabile, ci &#537;i de acte de intoleran&#539;&#259; care constau &icirc;n respingerea &#537;i\/sau excluderea persoanelor &icirc;mpotriva c&#259;rora se au prejudec&#259;&#539;i.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/discrimination\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">discriminare<\/a>, din cauza diversit&#259;&#539;ii. <\/span><\/p><p><strong><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"991\" height=\"952\" class=\"wp-image-6567\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/diagrama-descripcion-generada-automaticamente.jpeg\" alt=\"Diagrama Descripci&oacute;n generada autom&aacute;ticamente\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/diagrama-descripcion-generada-automaticamente.jpeg 991w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/diagrama-descripcion-generada-automaticamente-300x288.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/diagrama-descripcion-generada-automaticamente-768x738.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/diagrama-descripcion-generada-automaticamente-16x16.jpeg 16w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/diagrama-descripcion-generada-automaticamente-20x20.jpeg 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/diagrama-descripcion-generada-automaticamente-18x18.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 991px) 100vw, 991px\"\/><\/strong><\/p><h6><a id=\"post-6359-_Ref119164924\"><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Figura 4. Modelul social-ecologic pentru &icirc;n&#539;elegerea &#537;i prevenirea violen&#539;ei (OMS, 2022)<\/span><\/i><\/h6><p><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Violen&#539;a<\/a> &icirc;mpotriva copiilor<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;n Conven&#539;ia privind drepturile copilului (Organiza&#539;ia Na&#539;iunilor Unite, 1989) se spune c&#259; avem cu to&#539;ii responsabilitatea de a proteja copiii &icirc;mpotriva violen&#539;ei &ndash; &ldquo;P&#259;r&#539;ile vor lua toate m&#259;surile legislative, administrative, sociale &#537;i educa&#539;ionale adecvate pentru a proteja copilul &icirc;mpotriva tuturor formelor de violen&#539;&#259; fizic&#259; sau psihic&#259;, a v&#259;t&#259;m&#259;rilor sau abuzurilor, a neglijen&#539;ei sau a tratamentului neglijent, a maltrat&#259;rii sau a exploat&#259;rii, inclusiv a abuzului sexual, &icirc;n timp ce se afl&#259; &icirc;n grija p&#259;rin&#539;ilor, a tutorelui (tutorilor) legal(i) sau a oric&#259;rei alte persoane care are (au) grij&#259; de copil&rdquo;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;OMS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Organiza&#539;ia Mondial&#259; a S&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/who\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>OMS<\/a> afirm&#259; un <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">fapt-cheie pentru <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> &icirc;mpotriva copiilor <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;OMS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Organiza&#539;ia Mondial&#259; a S&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/who\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>OMS<\/a>, s.n.d.-a):<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Violen&#539;a<\/a> &icirc;mpotriva copiilor include toate formele de violen&#539;&#259; &icirc;mpotriva persoanelor cu v&acirc;rsta sub 18 ani, fie c&#259; este s&#259;v&acirc;r&#537;it&#259; de p&#259;rin&#539;i sau de alte persoane care se ocup&#259; de copii, de colegi, de parteneri romantici sau de str&#259;ini.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">La nivel mondial, se estimeaz&#259; c&#259; p&acirc;n&#259; la 1 miliard de copii cu v&acirc;rste cuprinse &icirc;ntre 2 &#537;i 17 ani au fost victime ale violen&#539;ei fizice, sexuale sau emo&#539;ionale sau ale neglijen&#539;ei &icirc;n ultimul an.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Experien&#539;a violen&#539;ei &icirc;n copil&#259;rie are un impact asupra s&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii &#537;i bun&#259;st&#259;rii pe tot parcursul vie&#539;ii.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Obiectivul 16.2 din Agenda 2030 pentru dezvoltare durabil&#259; este de a &ldquo;pune cap&#259;t abuzului, exploat&#259;rii, traficului &#537;i tuturor formelor de violen&#539;&#259; &#537;i tortur&#259; &icirc;mpotriva copiilor&rdquo;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dovezile din &icirc;ntreaga lume arat&#259; c&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> &icirc;mpotriva copiilor poate fi prevenit&#259;.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tipurile de violen&#539;&#259; &icirc;mpotriva <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">copiilor sunt asem&#259;n&#259;toare tipurilor de violen&#539;&#259; &icirc;mpotriva sau &icirc;ntre adul&#539;i, dar copiii, din cauza imaturit&#259;&#539;ii lor fizice &#537;i mentale, sunt mai expu&#537;i riscului de abuz (Krug et al., 2002; <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;OMS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Organiza&#539;ia Mondial&#259; a S&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/who\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>OMS<\/a>, s.n.d.-a):&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Maltratarea&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;(inclusiv pedeapsa violent&#259;): implic&#259; violen&#539;a fizic&#259;, sexual&#259; &#537;i psihologic&#259;\/emo&#539;ional&#259;; &#537;i neglijarea sugarilor, copiilor &#537;i adolescen&#539;ilor de c&#259;tre p&#259;rin&#539;i, &icirc;ngrijitori &#537;i alte figuri de autoritate, cel mai adesea &icirc;n familie, dar &#537;i &icirc;n medii precum &#537;colile &#537;i orfelinatele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/maltreatment\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Maltratarea<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(inclusiv pedeapsa violent&#259;): implic&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a fizic&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Orice act care cauzeaz&#259; v&#259;t&#259;m&#259;ri fizice actualului sau fostului partener ca urmare a folosirii ilegale a for&#539;ei fizice.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/physical-violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a fizic&#259;<\/a>, sexual&#259; &#537;i psihologic&#259;\/emo&#539;ional&#259;; &#537;i neglijarea sugarilor, copiilor &#537;i adolescen&#539;ilor de c&#259;tre p&#259;rin&#539;i, &icirc;ngrijitori &#537;i alte figuri de autoritate, cel mai adesea &icirc;n familie, dar &#537;i &icirc;n medii precum &#537;colile &#537;i orfelinatele.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Bullying&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;(inclusiv cyber-bullying): este un comportament agresiv nedorit. din partea unui alt copil sau a unui grup de copii care nu sunt nici fra&#539;i &#537;i nici nu au o rela&#539;ie romantic&#259; cu victima. Implic&#259; v&#259;t&#259;m&#259;ri fizice, psihologice sau sociale repetate &#537;i are loc adesea &icirc;n &#537;coli &#537;i &icirc;n alte medii &icirc;n care se adun&#259; copiii, precum &#537;i online.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/bullying\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Bullying<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(inclusiv cyber-<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Bullying&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;(inclusiv cyber-bullying): este un comportament agresiv nedorit. din partea unui alt copil sau a unui grup de copii care nu sunt nici fra&#539;i &#537;i nici nu au o rela&#539;ie romantic&#259; cu victima. Implic&#259; v&#259;t&#259;m&#259;ri fizice, psihologice sau sociale repetate &#537;i are loc adesea &icirc;n &#537;coli &#537;i &icirc;n alte medii &icirc;n care se adun&#259; copiii, precum &#537;i online.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/bullying\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">bullying<\/a>): este un comportament agresiv nedorit de c&#259;tre un alt copil sau un grup de copii care nu sunt nici fra&#539;i &#537;i nici nu au o rela&#539;ie romantic&#259; cu victima. Aceasta implic&#259; v&#259;t&#259;m&#259;ri fizice, psihologice sau sociale repetate &#537;i are loc adesea &icirc;n &#537;coli &#537;i &icirc;n alte medii &icirc;n care se adun&#259; copiii, precum &#537;i online.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul tinerilor&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este concentrat&#259; &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul copiilor &#537;i al adul&#539;ilor tineri cu v&acirc;rste cuprinse &icirc;ntre 10 &#537;i 29 de ani.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/youth-violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Violen&#539;a &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul tinerilor<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: este concentrat&#259; &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul copiilor &#537;i al adul&#539;ilor tineri cu v&acirc;rste cuprinse &icirc;ntre 10 &#537;i 29 de ani. Aceasta are loc cel mai adesea &icirc;n cadrul comunit&#259;&#539;ii, &icirc;ntre cunoscu&#539;i &#537;i str&#259;ini, include h&#259;r&#539;uirea &#537;i agresiunea fizic&#259; cu sau f&#259;r&#259; arme (cum ar fi pistoale &#537;i cu&#539;ite) &#537;i poate implica <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> &icirc;ntre bande.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a partenerului intim&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;implic&#259; violen&#539;&#259; fizic&#259;, sexual&#259;, emo&#539;ional&#259; &#537;i economic&#259; din partea unui partener intim sau a unui fost partener. De&#537;i b&#259;rba&#539;ii pot fi &#537;i ei victime, violen&#539;a partenerului intim afecteaz&#259; &icirc;n mod dispropor&#539;ionat femeile. Aceasta apare mai ales &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul tinerilor.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/intimate-partner-violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Violen&#539;a partenerului intim<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(sau <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a domestic&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;vezi violen&#539;a &icirc;ntre parteneri intimi.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/domestic-violence-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a domestic&#259;<\/a>): implic&#259; violen&#539;&#259; fizic&#259;, sexual&#259; &#537;i emo&#539;ional&#259; din partea unui partener intim sau fostul partener. De&#537;i b&#259;rba&#539;ii pot fi &#537;i ei victime, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a partenerului intim&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;implic&#259; violen&#539;&#259; fizic&#259;, sexual&#259;, emo&#539;ional&#259; &#537;i economic&#259; din partea unui partener intim sau a unui fost partener. De&#537;i b&#259;rba&#539;ii pot fi &#537;i ei victime, violen&#539;a partenerului intim afecteaz&#259; &icirc;n mod dispropor&#539;ionat femeile. Aceasta apare mai ales &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul tinerilor.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/intimate-partner-violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a partenerului intim<\/a> afecteaz&#259; &icirc;n mod dispropor&#539;ionat femeile. Aceasta se manifest&#259; de obicei &icirc;mpotriva fetelor &icirc;n cadrul c&#259;s&#259;toriilor de copii &#537;i al c&#259;s&#259;toriilor timpurii\/for&#539;ate. &Icirc;n r&acirc;ndul adolescen&#539;ilor implica&#539;i &icirc;n rela&#539;ii romantice, dar nec&#259;s&#259;tori&#539;i, se nume&#537;te uneori &ldquo;violen&#539;&#259; &icirc;n timpul &icirc;nt&acirc;lnirii&rdquo;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;include contactul sexual ne-consensual, finalizat sau &icirc;ncercat, precum &#537;i actele de natur&#259; sexual&#259; care nu implic&#259; contact.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Violen&#539;a sexual&#259;<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: include contactul sexual ne-consensual, finalizat sau &icirc;ncercat, &#537;i acte de natur&#259; sexual&#259; care nu implic&#259; contact (cum ar fi voyeurismul sau h&#259;r&#539;uirea sexual&#259;, cybergrooming, h&#259;r&#539;uirea, doxing, pornografia din r&#259;zbunare); acte de trafic sexual comise &icirc;mpotriva unei persoane care nu este &icirc;n m&#259;sur&#259; s&#259; consimt&#259; sau s&#259; refuze; &#537;i exploatarea online.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a emo&#539;ional&#259; sau psihologic&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;include restric&#539;ionarea mi&#537;c&#259;rilor unui copil, denigrarea, ridiculizarea, amenin&#539;&#259;rile &#537;i intimidarea, discriminarea, respingerea &#537;i alte forme non-fizice de tratament ostil.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/emotional-or-psychological-violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Violen&#539;a emo&#539;ional&#259; sau psihologic&#259;<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: include restric&#539;ionarea mi&#537;c&#259;rilor unui copil, denigrarea, ridiculizarea, amenin&#539;&#259;rile &#537;i intimidarea, discriminarea, respingerea &#537;i alte forme non-fizice de tratament ostil.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Atunci c&acirc;nd sunt &icirc;ndreptate &icirc;mpotriva fetelor sau a b&#259;ie&#539;ilor din cauza sexului lor biologic sau a identit&#259;&#539;ii de gen, oricare dintre aceste tipuri de violen&#539;&#259; poate constitui, de asemenea, un act de violen&#539;&#259;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> bazat&#259; pe gen<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p><h3><strong>REFERIN&#538;E<\/strong><\/h3><p>Butchart, A., Phinney, A., Check, P., &amp; Villaveces, A. (Eds.). (2004). <em>Preventing violence: A guide to implementing the recommendations of the World report on violence and health<\/em>. Geneva: Department of Injuries and Violence Prevention, WHO. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9241592079\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9241592079<\/a><\/p><p>Council of Europe. (2011). <em>Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence<\/em> [Data set]. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/2210-7975_HRD-9953-2014005<\/p><p>Krug, E. G., Dahlberg, L. L., Mercy, J. A., Zwi, A. B., &amp; Lozano, R. (Eds.). (2002). <em>World report on violence and health<\/em>. Gen&egrave;ve: Organisation mondiale de la sant&eacute;. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9241545615<\/p><p>Soo, K., Kalmus, V., &amp; Ainsaar, M. (2015). Eesti &otilde;petajate roll laste internetikasutuse sotsiaalses vahendamises. <em>Eesti Haridusteaduste Ajakiri. Estonian Journal of Education<\/em>, <em>3<\/em>(2), 156&ndash;185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12697\/eha.2015.3.2.06<\/p><p>United Nations. (2014). <em>Guidelines for Producing Statistics on Violence against Women&mdash;Statistical Surveys<\/em>. New York: United Nations. Retrieved from https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/gender\/docs\/guidelines_statistics_vaw.pdf<\/p><p>WHO. (n.d.-a). Violence against children. Retrieved 29 September 2022, from https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/violence-against-children<\/p><p>WHO. (2022). <em>WHO Violence Prevention Unit: Approach, Objectives and Activities 2022-2026<\/em>. WHO. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/who-violence-prevention-unit--approach--objectives-and-activities--2022-2026\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/who-violence-prevention-unit&ndash;approach&ndash;objectives-and-activities&ndash;2022-2026<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\/*! elementor &ndash; v3.12.2 &ndash; 23-04-2023 *\/ .elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=&rdquo;.svg&rdquo;]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block} \/*! elementor &ndash; v3.12.2 &ndash; 23-04-2023 *\/ .elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(&ndash;spacer-size)}.e-con{&ndash;container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(&ndash;container-widget-width,var(&ndash;spacer-size));&ndash;align-self:var(&ndash;container-widget-align-self,initial);&ndash;flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container,.e-con-inner&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container&gt;.elementor-spacer,.e-con&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container,.e-con&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container&gt;.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container&gt;.elementor-spacer&gt;.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container&gt;.elementor-spacer&gt;.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(&ndash;container-widget-height,var(&ndash;spacer-size))} Probabil c&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> a f&#259;cut &icirc;ntotdeauna parte din experien&#539;a uman&#259;. Impactul acesteia poate fi v&#259;zut, &icirc;n diferite forme, &icirc;n toate p&#259;r&#539;ile lumii. &Icirc;n fiecare an, peste un milion de persoane &icirc;&#537;i pierd via&#539;a &#537;i [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9568,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-10146","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","no-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/10146","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10146"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/10146\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9568"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=10146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}