{"id":10143,"date":"2023-04-04T16:47:37","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T16:47:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/docs\/guide-for-educators\/3-sexual-health-6355\/"},"modified":"2023-05-22T14:52:19","modified_gmt":"2023-05-22T14:52:19","slug":"3-sexual-health-6355","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/docs\/guide-for-educators\/3-sexual-health-6355\/","title":{"rendered":"3. S\u0102N\u0102TATEA SEXUAL\u0102"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10143\" class=\"elementor elementor-10143 elementor-6355\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-416a28ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"416a28ca\" data-element_type=\"section\"><div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-777df33c\" data-id=\"777df33c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2299176 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2299176\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_contraceptive_methods_for_kids_education_36026277-d607-4b42-bf44-efc1a91ea9fd_1-1024x512.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9350\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_contraceptive_methods_for_kids_education_36026277-d607-4b42-bf44-efc1a91ea9fd_1-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_contraceptive_methods_for_kids_education_36026277-d607-4b42-bf44-efc1a91ea9fd_1-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_contraceptive_methods_for_kids_education_36026277-d607-4b42-bf44-efc1a91ea9fd_1-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_contraceptive_methods_for_kids_education_36026277-d607-4b42-bf44-efc1a91ea9fd_1-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_contraceptive_methods_for_kids_education_36026277-d607-4b42-bf44-efc1a91ea9fd_1-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_contraceptive_methods_for_kids_education_36026277-d607-4b42-bf44-efc1a91ea9fd_1.png 1728w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad67a53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ad67a53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b089d39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b089d39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit OMS, a vorbi despre s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; se aib&#259; interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute &icirc;n condi&#539;ii de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i f&#259;r&#259; constr&acirc;ngere, discriminare &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;<\/a> este legat&#259; at&acirc;t de s&#259;n&#259;tatea fizic&#259; &#537;i mintal&#259;, c&acirc;t &#537;i de bun&#259;starea general&#259; a unei persoane &#537;i poate fi experimentat&#259; &icirc;n mod diferit de c&#259;tre persoanele cu diverse sexualit&#259;&#539;i &#537;i identit&#259;&#539;i de gen. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit OMS, a vorbi despre s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; se aib&#259; interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute &icirc;n condi&#539;ii de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i f&#259;r&#259; constr&acirc;ngere, discriminare &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;<\/a> este, de asemenea, influen&#539;at&#259; &icirc;n mare m&#259;sur&#259; de diverse norme culturale, de exemplu, de cele referitoare la masculinitate &#537;i feminitate &#537;i de modul &icirc;n care acestea se presupune c&#259; se refer&#259; la <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexualitate&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este un termen aplicat la modul &icirc;n care oamenii tr&#259;iesc &#537;i se exprim&#259; ca fiin&#539;e sexuale.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexuality\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexualitate<\/a>.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit OMS, a vorbi despre s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; se aib&#259; interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute &icirc;n condi&#539;ii de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i f&#259;r&#259; constr&acirc;ngere, discriminare &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;<\/a> nu &icirc;nseamn&#259; absen&#539;a bolilor sexuale, ci este mult mai complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde, de asemenea, emo&#539;iile &#537;i bun&#259;starea psihologic&#259;, inclusiv factorii de stres &#537;i normele sociale privind sexualitatea.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pentru a ob&#539;ine s&#259;n&#259;tate sexual&#259;, este necesar&#259; &#537;i &icirc;ndeplinirea anumitor drepturi ale omului (drepturile la s&#259;n&#259;tate &#537;i la reproducere).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prevenirea bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;, a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; &#537;i, &icirc;n principal, a <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> reprezint&#259; o parte important&#259; a discu&#539;iilor despre <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit OMS, a vorbi despre s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; se aib&#259; interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute &icirc;n condi&#539;ii de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i f&#259;r&#259; constr&acirc;ngere, discriminare &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;<\/a>, dar nu ar trebui s&#259; fie singura, din cauza tuturor celorlal&#539;i factori, cum ar fi <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Imaginea corporal&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este un set de g&acirc;nduri &#537;i sentimente ale unei persoane fa&#539;&#259; de propriul corp &#537;i modul &icirc;n care percep atractivitatea &#537;i abilit&#259;&#539;ile acestuia, precum &#537;i modul &icirc;n care se raporteaz&#259; la el.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/body-image\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">imaginea corporal&#259;<\/a>, pl&#259;cerea, comportamentul de risc &#537;i s&#259;n&#259;tatea mintal&#259;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prevenirea <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> &#537;i a <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> este mai eficient&#259; atunci c&acirc;nd se discut&#259; deschis despre tipurile specifice de protec&#539;ie, utilizarea &#537;i accesibilitatea acestora (prezervativ, baraj dentar etc.). Se recomand&#259; s&#259; se includ&#259; &icirc;n discu&#539;ii &#537;i alte tipuri de prevenire &#537;i protec&#539;ie, &icirc;n special &icirc;mpotriva infec&#539;iei cu <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a>, precum <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PrEP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Profilaxie pre-expunere: medicament pe care persoanele cu risc de infectare cu HIV &icirc;l pot lua pentru a preveni transmiterea virusului&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/prep\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">PrEP<\/a> &#537;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PEP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Profilaxie post-expunere: medicament care poate fi utilizat pentru a preveni infec&#539;ia cu HIV &icirc;n termen de 72 de ore dup&#259; expunere&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/pep\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>PEP<\/a>.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Introducerea conceptului <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;U=U&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Nedetectabil=Netransmisibil&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/uu\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>U=U<\/a> (nedetectabil = netransmisibil), care poate fi atins de persoanele care tr&#259;iesc cu <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> atunci c&acirc;nd primesc cu succes un tratament antiretroviral (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ART&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;tratament antiretroviral&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/art\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ART<\/a>). Acest lucru le permite oamenilor s&#259; &icirc;&#537;i tr&#259;iasc&#259; via&#539;a pe deplin &#537;i previne r&#259;sp&acirc;ndirea virusului, face parte din strategia <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;TasP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Tratamentul ca prevenire&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/tasp\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">TasP<\/a> (Treatment as Prevention).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Recunoa&#537;terea faptului c&#259; factorii sociali, istorici, rasiali &#537;i culturali sunt importan&#539;i atunci c&acirc;nd se analizeaz&#259; afirma&#539;ii precum &ldquo;b&#259;rba&#539;ii care fac <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a> cu b&#259;rba&#539;i au rate mai mari de infectare cu <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a>&rdquo;, pentru a evita stigmatizarea &#537;i decontextualizarea.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asocierea sau men&#539;ionarea identit&#259;&#539;ilor <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> doar &icirc;n contextul bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;, al infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; &#537;i al <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> este foarte stigmatizant&#259;.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cec101b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cec101b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>3.1. INTRODUCERE<\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sexualitatea, bun&#259;starea &#537;i s&#259;n&#259;tatea noastr&#259; fizic&#259; sunt str&acirc;ns legate &icirc;ntre ele. Cei mai mul&#539;i dintre noi nici m&#259;car nu ne g&acirc;ndim la asta, mai ales dac&#259; suntem s&#259;n&#259;to&#537;i. Pe de alt&#259; parte, ne putem confrunta cu dificult&#259;&#539;i &#537;i probleme legate de s&#259;n&#259;tatea noastr&#259; fizic&#259; &#537;i mintal&#259;, multe dintre acestea put&acirc;nd avea un impact semnificativ asupra vie&#539;ii noastre sexuale.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pentru a preveni sau a aborda &icirc;n mod corespunz&#259;tor aceste probleme, trebuie mai &icirc;nt&acirc;i s&#259; ne educ&#259;m cu privire la ele. Iat&#259; c&acirc;teva &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri care pot fi un bun &icirc;nceput:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Care sunt atitudinile &#537;i sentimentele noastre fa&#539;&#259; de corpurile noastre, cum sunt acestea influen&#539;ate de cultur&#259; &#537;i mass-media &#537;i cum ne influen&#539;eaz&#259; acestea via&#539;a sexual&#259;?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cum influen&#539;eaz&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Imaginea corporal&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este un set de g&acirc;nduri &#537;i sentimente ale unei persoane fa&#539;&#259; de propriul corp &#537;i modul &icirc;n care percep atractivitatea &#537;i abilit&#259;&#539;ile acestuia, precum &#537;i modul &icirc;n care se raporteaz&#259; la el.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/body-image\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">imaginea corporal&#259;<\/a> via&#539;a noastr&#259; sexual&#259;?<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cum &#537;i de ce sunt implicate alcoolul &#537;i drogurile &icirc;n via&#539;a sexual&#259; a oamenilor?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cum pot influen&#539;a anumite boli specifice via&#539;a noastr&#259; sexual&#259; din punct de vedere fizic &#537;i emo&#539;ional?<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Se confrunt&#259; persoanele din comunitatea <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> cu provoc&#259;ri specifice &icirc;n ceea ce prive&#537;te s&#259;n&#259;tatea lor sexual&#259;?<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit OMS, a vorbi despre s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; se aib&#259; interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute &icirc;n condi&#539;ii de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i f&#259;r&#259; constr&acirc;ngere, discriminare &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;<\/a> <\/b><b>este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;OMS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Organiza&#539;ia Mondial&#259; a S&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/who\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>OMS<\/a> (s.n.), <\/span><b>a vorbi despre <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit OMS, a vorbi despre s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; se aib&#259; interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute &icirc;n condi&#539;ii de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i f&#259;r&#259; constr&acirc;ngere, discriminare &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;<\/a> necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; avem interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute, care s&#259; fie sigure &#537;i lipsite de constr&acirc;ngere, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Discriminare&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit&#259; ca fiind tratamentul inegal &#537;i nefavorabil al unui subiect sau al unui grup ca urmare a unei prejudec&#259;&#539;i. Nu este vorba doar de judec&#259;&#539;i sau de sentimente nefavorabile, ci &#537;i de acte de intoleran&#539;&#259; care constau &icirc;n respingerea &#537;i\/sau excluderea persoanelor &icirc;mpotriva c&#259;rora se au prejudec&#259;&#539;i.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/discrimination\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">discriminare<\/a> &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;. Pentru a men&#539;ine <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit OMS, a vorbi despre s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; se aib&#259; interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute &icirc;n condi&#539;ii de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i f&#259;r&#259; constr&acirc;ngere, discriminare &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;<\/a>, este necesar&#259; &#537;i <\/span><b>&icirc;ndeplinirea anumitor drepturi ale omului <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(drepturile la s&#259;n&#259;tate &#537;i la reproducere). <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit OMS, a vorbi despre s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; se aib&#259; interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute &icirc;n condi&#539;ii de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i f&#259;r&#259; constr&acirc;ngere, discriminare &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;<\/a> poate fi, de asemenea, influen&#539;at&#259; de s&#259;n&#259;tatea mintal&#259; &#537;i de comunicare, de exemplu &icirc;n ceea ce prive&#537;te stabilirea propriilor limite, capacitatea de a cere &#537;i de a oferi consim&#539;&#259;m&acirc;ntul &icirc;n cuno&#537;tin&#539;&#259; de cauz&#259; sau de a conveni asupra metodelor de contracep&#539;ie. Aspectele fizice ale s&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii sexuale sunt legate de st&#259;ri precum <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a>, ITRS (infec&#539;ii ale tractului reproductiv), starea de s&#259;n&#259;tate.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alte defini&#539;ii ale s&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii sexuale pot include considera&#539;ii privind (1) rolul sexualit&#259;&#539;ii &#537;i al rela&#539;iilor (fie ele romantice &#537;i\/sau sexuale) &icirc;n via&#539;a noastr&#259; s&#259;n&#259;toas&#259;; &#537;i (2) rolul experien&#539;elor pozitive ale indivizilor &#537;i ale partenerilor lor.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><b>Cunoa&#537;terea &#537;i &icirc;n&#539;elegerea corpului nostru, precum &#537;i faptul c&#259; ne sim&#539;im &icirc;n largul nostru este necesar pentru o stare de s&#259;n&#259;tate bun&#259;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Cunoa&#537;terea modului &icirc;n care func&#539;ioneaz&#259; diferitele corpuri umane este, de asemenea, esen&#539;ial&#259; pentru <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit OMS, a vorbi despre s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; se aib&#259; interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute &icirc;n condi&#539;ii de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i f&#259;r&#259; constr&acirc;ngere, discriminare &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;<\/a>. Se recomand&#259; s&#259; &icirc;i &icirc;nv&#259;&#539;&#259;m pe copii &#537;i tineri despre reproducere, igien&#259;, boli &#537;i op&#539;iuni de prevenire\/protec&#539;ie. Dar este la fel de important: s&#259; v&#259; cunoa&#537;te&#539;i propriul corp &#537;i limitele &#537;i s&#259; fi&#539;i capabili s&#259; &icirc;n&#539;elege&#539;i ce pot experimenta corpurile altor persoane, s&#259; discuta&#539;i &#537;i s&#259; le respecta&#539;i limitele.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unele provoc&#259;ri la adresa s&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii sexuale pot, de asemenea, s&#259; interfereze cu diverse norme culturale, inclusiv cu reprezentarea masculinit&#259;&#539;ii &#537;i a feminit&#259;&#539;ii. De exemplu, normele de masculinitate &icirc;i pot motiva pe b&#259;rba&#539;i s&#259; nu-&#537;i ia &icirc;n considerare durerea &#537;i s&#259; sufere &icirc;n t&#259;cere, &icirc;n timp ce <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit OMS, a vorbi despre s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; se aib&#259; interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute &icirc;n condi&#539;ii de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i f&#259;r&#259; constr&acirc;ngere, discriminare &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;<\/a> a persoanelor de toate genurile necesit&#259; ca acestea s&#259; fie oneste, bine informate &#537;i responsabile cu privire la corpul lor &#537;i s&#259; fie atente la rela&#539;ia acestuia cu sexualitatea lor. <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #1d2746\">3.2. DEZVOLTAREA TEMEI<\/span><\/p><h4><strong>3.2.1. <b>S&#259;n&#259;tatea &#537;i dorin&#539;a sexual&#259;<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><ul><li><b>Dorin&#539;a diferen&#539;ial&#259;, c&acirc;t de mult&#259; dorin&#539;&#259; este &ldquo;normal&#259;&rdquo;?<\/b><\/li><\/ul><p><b>Dorin&#539;a sexual&#259; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">poate fi afectat&#259; de mul&#539;i factori &#537;i este absolut normal ca aceasta s&#259; se schimbe &icirc;n timp. Iat&#259; c&acirc;&#539;iva <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">factori <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">care ne pot influen&#539;a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">dorin&#539;a sexual&#259;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cauze fizice &#537;i psihologice la persoane de toate sexele, rolul stresului &#537;i al rela&#539;iilor.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Problemele de s&#259;n&#259;tate, cum ar fi diabetul &#537;i abuzul de alcool, pot cauza probleme erectile.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Medicamentele eliberate pe baz&#259; de prescrip&#539;ie medical&#259; pot afecta receptivitatea sexual&#259;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Factorii psihologici multipli, au multiple influen&#539;e individuale, inclusiv:&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Oboseal&#259; &#537;i stres, anxietate sexual&#259;, nevoia excesiv&#259; de a mul&#539;umi un partener.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Conflictul intern cauzat de &icirc;nv&#259;&#539;&#259;turile religioase, sentimentul de vinov&#259;&#539;ie, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Homofobia&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este orice atitudine negativ&#259; care poate duce la respingerea direct&#259; sau indirect&#259; &#537;i la discriminarea persoanelor lesbiene, gay sau bisexuale, a persoanelor cu orice alt&#259; orientare sexual&#259; sau a oric&#259;rei persoane al c&#259;ror aspect sau comportament nu este conform cu stereotipurile asociate cu sexul atribuit la na&#537;tere.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/homophobia\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">homofobia<\/a> internalizat&#259; pot contribui la nemul&#539;umire, la fel ca &#537;i conflictele rela&#539;ionale.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Anxietatea &#537;i stresul pot duce, de asemenea, la poten&#539;iale probleme erectile &#537;i orgasmice &#537;i la ejaculare prematur&#259;. O alt&#259; form&#259; de schimbare a dorin&#539;ei sexuale care poate fi d&#259;un&#259;toare pentru o persoan&#259; este <\/span><b>hipersexualitatea<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dup&#259; cum s-a men&#539;ionat mai sus, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit OMS, a vorbi despre s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; se aib&#259; interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute &icirc;n condi&#539;ii de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i f&#259;r&#259; constr&acirc;ngere, discriminare &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;<\/a> este interconectat&#259; cu multe alte domenii &#537;i factori lega&#539;i de s&#259;n&#259;tate. Vom explora &icirc;n continuare unii dintre ei.<\/span><\/p><h4><strong>3.2.2. <b>Comportamente care sporesc vulnerabilitatea la boli (sau &ldquo;comportamente de risc&rdquo;)<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><ul><li><h5><b>Consumul de substan&#539;e<\/b><\/h5><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alcoolul &#537;i drogurile sunt percepute &icirc;n mod normal ca fiind stimulente sau ca fiind mijloace de a sparge ghea&#539;a, &icirc;ns&#259; realitatea este adesea foarte diferit&#259;. Unele persoane folosesc alcoolul pentru a-&#537;i da permisiunea de a avea rela&#539;ii sexuale, &icirc;ns&#259; consumul de alcool sau de droguri poate duce la situa&#539;ii sexuale riscante, poate avea efecte inhibitoare sau poate cre&#537;te riscul de a contacta infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Aceasta din urm&#259; se poate &icirc;nt&acirc;mpla deoarece o persoan&#259; aflat&#259; sub influen&#539;a drogurilor sau a alcoolului nu poate fi &icirc;ntotdeauna pe deplin con&#537;tient&#259; de nevoile sale &#537;i poate schimba limitele s&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii sexuale, poate omite conversa&#539;iile privind contracep&#539;ia &#537;i\/sau practicile mai sigure.<\/span><\/p><ul><li><h5><strong>Chemsex<\/strong><\/h5><\/li><\/ul><p><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Chemsex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit ca fiind angajarea &icirc;n activit&#259;&#539;i sexuale sub influen&#539;a unor droguri recrea&#539;ionale specifice, de obicei pentru a sus&#539;ine, spori, prelungi, dezinhiba sau facilita experien&#539;a.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/chemsex\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Chemsex<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">poate fi definit ca fiind angajarea &icirc;n activit&#259;&#539;i sexuale sub influen&#539;a unor droguri recrea&#539;ionale specifice, de obicei pentru a sus&#539;ine, spori, prelungi, dezinhiba sau facilita experien&#539;a (Drysdale, 2021) sau utilizarea de droguri &icirc;n mod specific pentru sau &icirc;n timpul sexului (Maxwell, Shahmanesh &#537;i Gafos, 2019). Drogurile incluse de obicei sunt diverse stimulente ilegale care pot fi denumite colectiv <\/span><b>fourchems <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(Uholyeva &amp; Pito&#328;&aacute;k 2022).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alcoolul, canabisul &#537;i poppers sunt de obicei excluse din defini&#539;iile chemsexului. De obicei, substan&#539;e precum metamfetamina cristalin&#259;, mefedrona (sau al&#539;i stimulen&#539;i puternici), g-hidroxibutiratul (GHB)\/&gamma;-butirolakton (GBL) sau ketamina &ndash; cunoscute &icirc;n mod colectiv sub numele de fourchems &ndash; sunt cele mai frecvent asociate cu consumul de droguri sexualizate. Practicile de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Chemsex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit ca fiind angajarea &icirc;n activit&#259;&#539;i sexuale sub influen&#539;a unor droguri recrea&#539;ionale specifice, de obicei pentru a sus&#539;ine, spori, prelungi, dezinhiba sau facilita experien&#539;a.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/chemsex\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">chemsex<\/a> cresc num&#259;rul de parteneri sexuali &#537;i sunt asociate, de obicei, cu o vulnerabilitate mai mare la infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Chemsexul poate cre&#537;te riscul de a contacta <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> sau alte <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> &#537;i este mai tipic &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul b&#259;rba&#539;ilor care fac <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a> cu b&#259;rba&#539;i (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MSM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;B&#259;rba&#539;i care fac sex cu b&#259;rba&#539;i&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/msm\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>MSM<\/a>), dar care se pot identifica sau nu ca fiind homosexuali, bisexuali, heterosexuali etc. Participarea la <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Chemsex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit ca fiind angajarea &icirc;n activit&#259;&#539;i sexuale sub influen&#539;a unor droguri recrea&#539;ionale specifice, de obicei pentru a sus&#539;ine, spori, prelungi, dezinhiba sau facilita experien&#539;a.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/chemsex\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">chemsex<\/a> atinge un v&acirc;rf &icirc;ntre jum&#259;tatea v&acirc;rstei de 30 de ani &#537;i &icirc;nceputul v&acirc;rstei de 40 de ani, dar este evident&#259; la toate v&acirc;rstele (Maxwell, Shahmanesh &#537;i Gafos, 2019; Blomquist et al., 2020). Utilizarea tehnologiilor digitale &#537;i a aplica&#539;iilor de &icirc;nt&acirc;lniri sexuale contribuie &icirc;n mod semnificativ la r&#259;sp&acirc;ndirea culturii <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Chemsex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit ca fiind angajarea &icirc;n activit&#259;&#539;i sexuale sub influen&#539;a unor droguri recrea&#539;ionale specifice, de obicei pentru a sus&#539;ine, spori, prelungi, dezinhiba sau facilita experien&#539;a.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/chemsex\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">chemsex<\/a> (Drysdale et al., 2020). Interven&#539;iile psihosociale sunt eficiente, dar acestea trebuie s&#259; abordeze at&acirc;t daunele legate de droguri, c&acirc;t &#537;i cele legate de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a> (Knight et al., 2019).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Discu&#539;ia despre consumul &#537;i abuzul de substan&#539;e este un factor valoros &icirc;n cadrul conversa&#539;iilor despre <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit OMS, a vorbi despre s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; se aib&#259; interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute &icirc;n condi&#539;ii de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i f&#259;r&#259; constr&acirc;ngere, discriminare &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;<\/a> &#537;i consim&#539;&#259;m&acirc;nt, deoarece este important s&#259; se &icirc;nve&#539;e c&#259; fiecare persoan&#259; reac&#539;ioneaz&#259; diferit la droguri\/alcool &#537;i cum poate schimba percep&#539;ia realit&#259;&#539;ii. &Icirc;n timp ce consum&#259; alcool &#537;i\/sau droguri, ar putea fi mai greu s&#259; r&#259;m&acirc;n&#259; &icirc;n siguran&#539;&#259; at&acirc;t din punct de vedere fizic (prevenirea transmiterii <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> &#537;i evitarea violen&#539;ei sexuale), c&acirc;t &#537;i din punct de vedere mental (capacitatea de a consim&#539;i, de a p&#259;stra limitele, de a se angaja doar &icirc;n activit&#259;&#539;ile preferate) etc.<\/span><\/p><h4><a id=\"post-6355-_heading=h.3y97imsc7whx\"><\/a><strong>3.2.3. <b>Infec&#539;iile cu transmitere sexual&#259; (ITS) &#537;i bolile cu transmitere sexual&#259; (BTS)<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;n primul r&acirc;nd, este important s&#259; recunoa&#537;tem diferen&#539;a dintre <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> &#537;i boli cu transmitere sexual&#259;. <\/span><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">sunt infec&#539;ii care pot fi transmise prin contactul sexual &icirc;ntre dou&#259; persoane, atunci c&acirc;nd &icirc;n aceste practici sunt incluse secre&#539;iile mucoase, s&acirc;ngele, saliva, sperma &#537;i frecarea pielii. Atunci c&acirc;nd nu sunt tratate, unele <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> se pot transforma &icirc;n <\/span><b>boli cu transmitere sexual&#259;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. De exemplu, pute&#539;i avea o infec&#539;ie cu transmitere sexual&#259; &icirc;n organism f&#259;r&#259; a avea niciun simptom &#537;i o pute&#539;i transmite prin contact sexual neprotejat. Aceast&#259; infec&#539;ie ar putea dezvolta apoi simptome fizice la persoana c&#259;reia i-a fost transmis&#259;, transform&acirc;ndu-se astfel &icirc;ntr-o boal&#259; cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Cele mai frecvente boli cu transmitere sexual&#259; sunt: chlamydia, gonoreea, trichomoniaza, verucile genitale, herpesul genital, p&#259;duchii pubieni, sifilisul. Cele mai frecvente <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> sunt hepatita B &#537;i C, sifilisul &#537;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Potrivit Centrului pentru Controlul &#537;i Prevenirea Bolilor (2021), o <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> care trece &icirc;n mare parte neobservat&#259; &#537;i pe care aproximativ 75% dintre persoanele active din punct de vedere sexual o vor avea la un moment dat &icirc;n via&#539;a lor este virusul papiloma (HPV). Acest lucru se &icirc;nt&acirc;mpl&#259; deoarece HPV poate fi transmis &#537;i prin <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a> protejat. Cu toate acestea, conform aceluia&#537;i centru men&#539;ionat mai sus, de 9\/10 ori acesta va trece neobservat, iar corpul vostru &icirc;l va elimina &icirc;n doi ani. Sunt disponibile mai multe vaccinuri care v&#259; pot proteja &icirc;mpotriva anumitor tulpini ale HPV. Nedepistate &#537;i netratate, unele tulpini de HPV prezint&#259; un risc ridicat de a dezvolta cancer de col uterin (&icirc;n corpul femeilor) &#537;i veruci genitale (at&acirc;t &icirc;n corpul b&#259;rba&#539;ilor, c&acirc;t &#537;i &icirc;n cel al femeilor).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dup&#259; cum s-a men&#539;ionat mai sus, de multe ori persoanele care au o <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> pot s&#259; nu prezinte niciun simptom, ceea ce faciliteaz&#259; transmiterea acesteia de la o alt&#259; persoan&#259;. Cel mai simplu mod de a preveni acest lucru este s&#259; v&#259; <\/span><b>testa&#539;i &icirc;n mod regulat &#537;i s&#259; purta&#539;i discu&#539;ii despre starea de s&#259;n&#259;tate sexual&#259; cu partenerii <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">cu care sunte&#539;i activi sexual. &Icirc;n cazul &icirc;n care infec&#539;ia este simptomatic&#259;, aceasta poate deveni vizibil&#259; prin: durere la urinare, scurgeri neobi&#537;nuite din vagin, penis sau anus, modific&#259;ri ale pielii din jurul organelor genitale &#537;i anusului, erup&#539;ii cutanate &#537;i altele (NHS &ndash; National Health Service, 2021). Cel mai sigur mod de a preveni contractarea unei <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> este s&#259; folosi&#539;i &icirc;n permanen&#539;&#259; protec&#539;ie, cum ar fi prezervativul pentru sexul vaginal, oral &#537;i anal.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cu toate acestea, unele infec&#539;ii, cum ar fi <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a>, pot fi prezente &icirc;n corpul persoanei infectate &#537;i totu&#537;i invizibile la testare, &icirc;n ceea ce se nume&#537;te <\/span><b>fereastr&#259; de diagnosticare<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. De exemplu, <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> poate fi invizibil pentru testare timp de 4-12 s&#259;pt&#259;m&acirc;ni dup&#259; contact, &icirc;n timp ce indivizii pot fi deja infecta&#539;i. Dac&#259; exist&#259; o suspiciune de contact sexual poten&#539;ial riscant &ndash; atunci este cel mai sigur s&#259; a&#537;tepta&#539;i, s&#259; v&#259; ab&#539;ine&#539;i de la noi contacte sexuale &#537;i s&#259; v&#259; testa&#539;i dup&#259; aceast&#259; perioad&#259;.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">De aceea, este important s&#259; recunoa&#537;te&#539;i c&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> &#537;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;BTS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;boli cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stds\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>BTS<\/a> fac parte din via&#539;a dumneavoastr&#259; dac&#259; sunte&#539;i activi sexual. <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> nu sunt ceva de care s&#259; v&#259; fie fric&#259;, ci mai degrab&#259; ceva despre care ar trebui s&#259; fi&#539;i informa&#539;i, astfel &icirc;nc&acirc;t fiecare s&#259; aib&#259; grij&#259; de sine, s&#259; le previn&#259; &#537;i s&#259; le trateze &#537;i s&#259; aib&#259; o via&#539;&#259; sexual&#259; s&#259;n&#259;toas&#259; &#537;i satisf&#259;c&#259;toare. Testarea &#537;i discu&#539;iile pe aceast&#259; tem&#259; cu partenerii sunt dou&#259; practici care pot ajuta pe oricine s&#259; realizeze acest lucru. O alt&#259; practic&#259; ar putea fi discu&#539;ia cu medicul sau informarea &#537;i educarea &icirc;n mod regulat, &icirc;n loc s&#259; se perpetueze frica, dezinformarea sau miturile legate de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit OMS, a vorbi despre s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; se aib&#259; interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute &icirc;n condi&#539;ii de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i f&#259;r&#259; constr&acirc;ngere, discriminare &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tinerii pot fi deosebit de vulnerabili la <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> &#537;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;BTS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;boli cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stds\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>BTS<\/a>, deoarece sunt activi din punct de vedere sexual &#537;i au, de asemenea, o tendin&#539;&#259; mai mare de a avea comportamente care &icirc;i pot face mai vulnerabili din cauza dezvolt&#259;rii lor psihosociale &#537;i neurologice (Berenbaum, Beltz &amp; Corley, 2015; Hazen, Schlozman &amp; Beresin, 2008). Acest lucru se poate &icirc;nt&acirc;mpla din cauza lipsei de cuno&#537;tin&#539;e sau a perpetu&#259;rii miturilor &#537;i a dezinform&#259;rii &icirc;n leg&#259;tur&#259; cu <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit OMS, a vorbi despre s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; se aib&#259; interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute &icirc;n condi&#539;ii de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i f&#259;r&#259; constr&acirc;ngere, discriminare &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;<\/a>, care sunt consecin&#539;e ale transform&#259;rii s&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii sexuale &#537;i reproductive &icirc;ntr-un subiect tabu.<\/span><\/p><ul><li><h5><b>Virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane (HIV)<\/b><\/h5><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> este una dintre cele mai stigmatizate infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;, fiind alimentat&#259; de dezinformare &#537;i de r&#259;sp&acirc;ndirea fricii &icirc;n locul educa&#539;iei. Dac&#259; nu este tratat sau detectat, virusul se poate transforma &icirc;ntr-o boal&#259; care pune via&#539;a &icirc;n pericol, cunoscut&#259; sub numele de <\/span><b>Sindromul imunodeficien&#539;ei dob&acirc;ndite (<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SIDA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Sindromul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane dob&acirc;ndite&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/aids\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">SIDA<\/a>)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Cu toate acestea, atunci c&acirc;nd este detectat &#537;i tratat prin tratament antiretroviral (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ART&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;tratament antiretroviral&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/art\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ART<\/a>), virusul poate deveni netransmisibil, iar persoana poate duce o via&#539;&#259; fericit&#259; &#537;i &icirc;mplinit&#259;. <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> a devenit deosebit de r&#259;sp&acirc;ndit &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MSM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;B&#259;rba&#539;i care fac sex cu b&#259;rba&#539;i&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/msm\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>MSM<\/a>, care sunt considera&#539;i astfel de c&#259;tre epidemiologii care &icirc;n&#539;eleg c&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MSM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;B&#259;rba&#539;i care fac sex cu b&#259;rba&#539;i&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/msm\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>MSM<\/a> se pot identifica &icirc;n mod diferit (gay, bisexuali, heterosexuali etc.). Motivele pentru care <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MSM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;B&#259;rba&#539;i care fac sex cu b&#259;rba&#539;i&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/msm\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>MSM<\/a> sunt deosebit de vulnerabili la <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> sunt complexe &#537;i sunt descrise cel mai eficient &icirc;n termenii a&#537;a-numitei <\/span><b>sindemii <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&ndash; o influen&#539;&#259; <\/span><b>sinergic&#259; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a mai multor <\/span><b>epidemii<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, inclusiv a infec&#539;iilor simultane frecvente sau a st&#259;rilor de s&#259;n&#259;tate (de exemplu, cu alte boli cu transmitere sexual&#259;, cum ar fi sifilisul), dar &#537;i a altor factori comportamentali &#537;i condi&#539;ii sociale (Pito&#328;&aacute;k, 2018). Factorii sindemici includ:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Factori biologici:&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Actul sexual anal neprotejat (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;UAI&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Rela&#539;ii sexuale anale neprotejate&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/uai\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>UAI<\/a>) fiind o practic&#259; sexual&#259; mai frecvent&#259; &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul acestui grup &#537;i, &icirc;n acela&#537;i timp, <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;UAI&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Rela&#539;ii sexuale anale neprotejate&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/uai\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>UAI<\/a> fiind o practic&#259; cu &#537;anse mai mari de transmitere a <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> (Patel, et. al., 2014), av&acirc;nd aproximativ de 20 de ori mai multe &#537;anse de transmitere &icirc;n compara&#539;ie cu actul sexual vaginal (Baggaley, White, &amp; Boily, 2010). Cu toate acestea, este important s&#259; recunoa&#537;tem c&#259;, av&acirc;nd &icirc;n vedere c&#259; actul sexual anal este din ce &icirc;n ce mai popular &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul cuplurilor de diferite sexe, acesta este un factor important care trebuie men&#539;ionat atunci c&acirc;nd se informeaz&#259; despre prevenirea &#537;i transmiterea <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> &icirc;n general.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MSM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;B&#259;rba&#539;i care fac sex cu b&#259;rba&#539;i&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/msm\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>MSM<\/a> este un grup cu o prevalen&#539;&#259; mai mare a infec&#539;iei cu <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a>, ceea ce genereaz&#259; automat un risc mai mare ca un b&#259;rbat care face <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a> cu b&#259;rba&#539;i s&#259; fie infectat atunci c&acirc;nd se angajeaz&#259; sexual.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Factori sociali &#537;i culturali:<\/span><\/i><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">stigmatizarea social&#259; a persoanelor non-heterosexuale &#537;i <\/span><b>stresul minorit&#259;&#539;ilor,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> fac ca persoanele non-heterosexuale s&#259; aib&#259; o prevalen&#539;&#259; mai mare a problemelor de s&#259;n&#259;tate mintal&#259;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">De asemenea, stigmatizarea dezavantajeaz&#259; sistematic persoanele homosexuale &#537;i lesbiene, de exemplu, &icirc;n ceea ce prive&#537;te practicile lor &icirc;n c&#259;utarea de rela&#539;ii (de exemplu, sunt &#537;ansele lor de a-&#537;i &icirc;nt&acirc;lni partenerii sau de a-&#537;i c&#259;uta partenerii egale &icirc;n societ&#259;&#539;ile cisheteronormative?) sau prin intermediul accesului la instrumente de prevenire, cum ar fi <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PrEP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Profilaxie pre-expunere: medicament pe care persoanele cu risc de infectare cu HIV &icirc;l pot lua pentru a preveni transmiterea virusului&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/prep\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">PrEP<\/a> sau <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PEP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Profilaxie post-expunere: medicament care poate fi utilizat pentru a preveni infec&#539;ia cu HIV &icirc;n termen de 72 de ore dup&#259; expunere&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/pep\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>PEP<\/a> (de exemplu, acestea pot fi dificil de accesat &#537;i costisitoare) sau pot avea un impact asupra statutului lor socioeconomic.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stigmatizarea <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a>\/<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SIDA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Sindromul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane dob&acirc;ndite&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/aids\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">SIDA<\/a> &icirc;n general &ndash; informa&#539;iile despre virus sunt &icirc;mp&#259;rt&#259;&#537;ite cu inten&#539;ia de a provoca team&#259; &#537;i de a moraliza oamenii, ceea ce poate duce la o comunicare mai pu&#539;in deschis&#259;, la comportamente de ascundere &#537;i la o disponibilitate mai sc&#259;zut&#259; de a se testa (de exemplu, din cauza fricii de ru&#537;ine etc.).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li><h5><b>U = U<\/b><\/h5><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Un factor important care trebuie men&#539;ionat atunci c&acirc;nd vorbim despre <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> este un principiu bazat pe un concept de tratament ca prevenire (<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;TasP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Tratamentul ca prevenire&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/tasp\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">TasP<\/a>) care postuleaz&#259; c&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ART&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;tratament antiretroviral&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/art\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ART<\/a> este o form&#259; eficient&#259; de tratament, limit&acirc;nd prezen&#539;a virusului &icirc;n s&acirc;nge &#537;i &icirc;n alte fluide corporale p&acirc;n&#259; la un nivel care &icirc;l face practic nedetectabil. Ceea ce este mai important este c&#259;, &icirc;n ciuda faptului c&#259; tehnologiile moderne pot detecta chiar &#537;i un num&#259;r foarte mic de particule <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> &icirc;n organism, s-a dovedit &#537;tiin&#539;ific c&#259; a&#537;a-numitele &icirc;nc&#259;rc&#259;turi virale nedetectabile blocheaz&#259; efectiv &#537;ansele de transmitere la zero (0) &#537;i de aceea este echivalat cu netransmisibil. Semnifica&#539;ia acestei abrevieri este nedectabil=netransmisibil (Leahy, 2018). De&#537;i aceste cuno&#537;tin&#539;e sunt rezidate de unii profesioni&#537;ti, exist&#259; dovezi &#537;tiin&#539;ifice puternice care sus&#539;in acest lucru &#537;i a devenit un instrument de <\/span><b>destigmatizare<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.&nbsp; <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;U=U&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Nedetectabil=Netransmisibil&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/uu\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>U=U<\/a> este valoros &icirc;n prevenirea transmiterii ulterioare a virusului, deoarece scade stigma de a tr&#259;i cu <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> &#537;i, de asemenea, de a afla mai multe despre acest virus. Ob&#539;inerea &#537;i men&#539;inerea unei &icirc;nc&#259;rc&#259;turi virale nedetectabile depinde de administrarea consecvent&#259; a medica&#539;iei antiretrovirale conform prescrip&#539;iei (Eisinger, Dieffenbach &#537;i Fauci, 2019).<\/span><\/p><ul><li><h5><b>Profilaxia pre-expunere (PrEP)<\/b><\/h5><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Profilaxia pre-expunere este un medicament (un tip de terapie antiretroviral&#259;) pe care &icirc;l iau persoanele care nu sunt seropozitive pentru a se proteja &icirc;mpotriva transmiterii virusului <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> &icirc;n urma unui contact sexual sau a consumului de droguri injectabile. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PrEP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Profilaxie pre-expunere: medicament pe care persoanele cu risc de infectare cu HIV &icirc;l pot lua pentru a preveni transmiterea virusului&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/prep\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">PrEP<\/a> este de obicei luat&#259; de acele persoane care, &icirc;n lipsa acesteia, ar fi mai vulnerabile la infectarea cu <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> &#537;i &icirc;n cazul &icirc;n care metodele tradi&#539;ionale, cum ar fi utilizarea prezervativelor, nu reprezint&#259; o op&#539;iune suficient de fiabil&#259; (de exemplu, persoanele pot fi con&#537;tiente de faptul c&#259; nu pot sau nu doresc s&#259; utilizeze prezervative &icirc;n toate situa&#539;iile, cum ar fi situa&#539;iile de consum de substan&#539;e). <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PrEP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Profilaxie pre-expunere: medicament pe care persoanele cu risc de infectare cu HIV &icirc;l pot lua pentru a preveni transmiterea virusului&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/prep\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">PrEP<\/a> este, de obicei, un medicament prescris, dar &icirc;n unele &#539;&#259;ri, acesta poate fi u&#537;or accesibil. Cu toate acestea, utilizarea <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PrEP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Profilaxie pre-expunere: medicament pe care persoanele cu risc de infectare cu HIV &icirc;l pot lua pentru a preveni transmiterea virusului&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/prep\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">PrEP<\/a> este &icirc;ntotdeauna recomandat&#259; &icirc;n cadrul unor controale periodice. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PrEP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Profilaxie pre-expunere: medicament pe care persoanele cu risc de infectare cu HIV &icirc;l pot lua pentru a preveni transmiterea virusului&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/prep\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">PrEP<\/a> poate &icirc;mpiedica <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> s&#259; se instaleze &#537;i s&#259; se r&#259;sp&acirc;ndeasc&#259; &icirc;n organism cu o eficacitate foarte mare (Desai et al., 2017). Cu toate acestea, nu ofer&#259; protec&#539;ie &icirc;mpotriva altor <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a>. Accesibilitatea <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PrEP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Profilaxie pre-expunere: medicament pe care persoanele cu risc de infectare cu HIV &icirc;l pot lua pentru a preveni transmiterea virusului&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/prep\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">PrEP<\/a> este limitat&#259; pentru anumite grupuri de persoane, de exemplu din cauza pre&#539;ului sau a procesului de ob&#539;inere a acesteia.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><ul><li><h5><b>Protec&#539;ie de barier&#259;<\/b><\/h5><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Barierele de protec&#539;ie sunt instrumente care reduc riscul de transmitere a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cel mai cunoscut &#537;i cel mai utilizat este prezervativul masculin. Cu toate acestea, exist&#259; &#537;i alte metode de protec&#539;ie, cum ar fi prezervativul vaginal (pentru introducerea &icirc;n vagin. Vezi Figura 2) sau barajul dentar (acoper&#259; vulva sau anusul, deci este util pentru sexul oral. Vezi Figura 3). Din nefericire, aceste tipuri de protec&#539;ie de barier&#259; nu sunt at&acirc;t de disponibile pe scar&#259; larg&#259;, dar cu siguran&#539;&#259; pute&#539;i cump&#259;ra unele &icirc;n majoritatea <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a>-shop-urilor. Pute&#539;i citi mai multe despre metodele de protec&#539;ie &icirc;n subiectele legate de <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/docs\/guide-for-families\/7-european-laws-8822\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">legile europene<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, la rubrica <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1rD0Hvcj-kIT7Mn0qHsbH5sLiwpX0NOgq\/edit#bookmark=id.xvir7l\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">S&#259;n&#259;tate <\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/docs\/guide-for-families\/3-sexual-health-8814\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">sexual&#259;<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#537;i <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/docs\/guide-for-families\/7-european-laws-8822\/7-2-reproductive-rights-8964\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">reproductiv&#259;<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"267\" class=\"wp-image-6556\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/female-condom-or-definition-of-female-condom-by-med.png\" alt=\"Female condom | definition of female condom by Medical dictionary\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/female-condom-or-definition-of-female-condom-by-med.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/female-condom-or-definition-of-female-condom-by-med-20x18.png 20w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"\/><\/p><h6><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Figura 2. Prezervativul vaginal<\/span><\/i><\/h6><p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"273\" height=\"275\" class=\"wp-image-6561\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/how-to-use-a-dental-dam-or-cdc.jpeg\" alt=\"How to Use a Dental Dam | CDC\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/how-to-use-a-dental-dam-or-cdc.jpeg 273w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/how-to-use-a-dental-dam-or-cdc-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/how-to-use-a-dental-dam-or-cdc-16x16.jpeg 16w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/how-to-use-a-dental-dam-or-cdc-50x50.jpeg 50w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/how-to-use-a-dental-dam-or-cdc-20x20.jpeg 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/how-to-use-a-dental-dam-or-cdc-70x70.jpeg 70w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/how-to-use-a-dental-dam-or-cdc-18x18.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 273px) 100vw, 273px\"\/><\/p><h6><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Figura 3. Barajul dentar<\/span><\/i><\/h6><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unele dintre cele mai frecvente motive pentru care oamenii au rela&#539;ii sexuale neprotejate este lipsa de informare cu privire la forma de r&#259;sp&acirc;ndire a infec&#539;iilor si a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Se &icirc;nt&acirc;mpl&#259; adesea ca unul dintre parteneri s&#259; refuze s&#259; foloseasc&#259; prezervativul din diverse motive, ceea ce poate face dificil&#259; comunicarea propriei nevoi de siguran&#539;&#259; &icirc;n timpul sexului. Cu toate acestea, partenerii opteaz&#259; uneori &icirc;n mod consensual pentru a nu folosi prezervativul (de exemplu, se testeaz&#259; frecvent, au rela&#539;ii stabile, folosesc alte contraceptive etc.). Ceea ce pute&#539;i face &icirc;n aceste situa&#539;ii este s&#259; discuta&#539;i cu partenerul despre propriile nevoi, limite &#537;i metode de protec&#539;ie preferate &#537;i s&#259; g&#259;si&#539;i o solu&#539;ie comun&#259; care s&#259; &icirc;i fac&#259; pe to&#539;i cei implica&#539;i s&#259; se simt&#259; &icirc;n siguran&#539;&#259;.<\/span><\/p><ul><li><h5><b>Tipuri de metode contraceptive pentru prevenirea sarcinii nedorite<\/b> (NHS, 2021):<\/h5><ul><li><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Pilule hormonale: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">pilule care con&#539;in hormoni, cele mai multe dintre ele con&#539;in o combina&#539;ie de estrogen &#537;i progesteron &#537;i pot fi folosite de persoanele cu uter, deoarece &icirc;mpiedic&#259; eliberarea ovulului. Prescrip&#539;ia este de obicei de a lua 1 pastil&#259; pe zi (&icirc;n jurul aceleia&#537;i ore &icirc;n fiecare zi) timp de 21 de zile pe lun&#259;. &Icirc;n urm&#259;toarele 7 zile &icirc;n care nu se ia nicio pastil&#259; ar trebui s&#259; apar&#259; s&acirc;ngerarea. Dup&#259; aceste 7 zile &icirc;ncepe alte 21 de zile &icirc;n care se iau pastile &icirc;n fiecare zi. <\/span><b>Pilula poate avea o mul&#539;ime de efecte secundare <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#537;i, de asemenea, poate interac&#539;iona cu alte medicamente, a&#537;a c&#259; ar trebui s&#259; fie consultat&#259; corespunz&#259;tor cu un ginecolog &#537;i cu medicul de familie. Efectele secundare pot varia, dar cele mai frecvente sunt cre&#537;terea riscului de a avea tromboz&#259; venoas&#259;, acnee, dureri de cap, balonare &#537;i oboseal&#259;, precum &#537;i schimb&#259;ri de dispozi&#539;ie (Teal &amp; Edelman, 2021). O mul&#539;ime de persoane raporteaz&#259;, de asemenea, schimb&#259;ri &icirc;n modul &icirc;n care experimenteaz&#259; lucruri, cum ar fi niveluri diferite de energie, pierderea libidoului sexual &#537;i schimb&#259;ri &icirc;n ceea ce prive&#537;te menstrua&#539;ia. <\/span><b>Decizia de a lua aceste pastile ar trebui s&#259; fie &icirc;ntotdeauna g&acirc;ndit&#259; &icirc;n timp ce se c&acirc;nt&#259;resc cu aten&#539;ie argumentele pro &#537;i contra<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Dac&#259; este utilizat&#259; corect, pilula poate avea o eficien&#539;&#259; de 99% &icirc;n prevenirea unei sarcini. Alte tipuri de pilule hormonale sunt pilulele cu progestogen, care se iau &icirc;n fiecare zi f&#259;r&#259; pauz&#259;. Restul indica&#539;iilor de utilizare (administrarea pilulei la aceea&#537;i or&#259; pe zi) sunt acelea&#537;i, iar eficien&#539;a este similar&#259;. Eficien&#539;a pilulelor hormonale ar putea fi afectat&#259; atunci c&acirc;nd ave&#539;i probleme cu stomacul, v&#259;rs&#259;turi sau diaree.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Prezervative: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">exist&#259;<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">dou&#259; tipuri de prezervative, &#537;i anume: a) prezervative externe, care se pun pe penisul &icirc;n erec&#539;ie &#537;i b) prezervative interne, care se introduc &icirc;n interiorul vaginului sau anusului. <\/span><b>Ambele tipuri de prezervative, dac&#259; sunt folosite &icirc;n mod corespunz&#259;tor, previn sarcinile nedorite, precum &#537;i transmiterea majorit&#259;&#539;ii <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a>.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Prezervativele sunt cea mai sigur&#259; &#537;i mai eficient&#259; metod&#259; de a v&#259; feri de transmiterea <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> prin sexul cu penetrare.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Prezervativele externe <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">sunt, de<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">obicei, fabricate din latex, dar pot fi g&#259;site &#537;i din alte materiale, &icirc;n cazul persoanelor cu alergie la latex. Lubrifian&#539;ii pot fi folosi&#539;i odat&#259; cu prezervativele, dar este necesar ca ace&#537;tia s&#259; fie pe baz&#259; de ap&#259; pentru a nu afecta func&#539;ia prezervativului. Prezervativele pot fi folosite o singur&#259; dat&#259;. Atunci c&acirc;nd face&#539;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a> din nou este necesar s&#259; folosi&#539;i unul nou. Prezervativele trebuie depozitate &icirc;n mod ideal &icirc;n locuri nu prea calde &#537;i &icirc;nsorite, evit&acirc;nd obiectele ascu&#539;ite &#537;i trebuie folosite &icirc;nainte de data de expirare. Atunci c&acirc;nd despacheta&#539;i un prezervativ, este bine s&#259; fi&#539;i aten&#539;i c&acirc;nd &icirc;l deschide&#539;i, pentru a nu fi str&#259;puns sau deteriorat &icirc;n alte moduri. Apoi, pune&#539;i-l deasupra penisului &icirc;n erec&#539;ie &#537;i rula&#539;i-l p&acirc;n&#259; la baz&#259;, asigur&acirc;ndu-v&#259; c&#259; este pus bine. Pute&#539;i verifica din c&acirc;nd &icirc;n c&acirc;nd dac&#259; prezervativul rezist&#259; bine. Ave&#539;i grij&#259; s&#259; &#539;ine&#539;i prezervativul de la baz&#259; atunci c&acirc;nd scoate&#539;i penisul din vagin\/anus pentru a evita o eventual&#259; alunecare. Prezervativele au o eficien&#539;&#259; de 98%.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Prezervativele vaginale <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">func&#539;ioneaz&#259; pe acela&#537;i principiu ca &#537;i prezervativele externe, cre&acirc;nd o barier&#259; &icirc;n interior, astfel &icirc;nc&acirc;t sperma s&#259; nu poat&#259; ajunge la ovul &#537;i s&#259; provoace o sarcin&#259;. Prezervativul trebuie introdus &icirc;n vagin &icirc;nainte de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a>, asigur&acirc;ndu-v&#259; c&#259; penisul nu &icirc;l atinge &icirc;nainte. Atunci c&acirc;nd deschide&#539;i prezervativul, ave&#539;i grij&#259; s&#259; nu folosi&#539;i din&#539;ii sau un obiect ascu&#539;it pentru a evita riscul de a-l rupe. A&#537;eza&#539;i inelul mai mic &icirc;n interiorul vaginului &#537;i inelul mai mare al prezervativului la deschiderea vaginului. Unul dintre riscurile atunci c&acirc;nd se folose&#537;te un prezervativ feminin este c&#259; penisul poate aluneca &icirc;ntre prezervativ &#537;i partea lateral&#259; a vaginului sau, dac&#259; prezervativul este &icirc;mpins prea ad&acirc;nc, exist&#259; posibilitatea ca acesta s&#259; r&#259;m&acirc;n&#259; blocat &icirc;n vagin. Prezervativele vaginale au o eficien&#539;&#259; de 95%.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Un <\/span><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;DIU&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Dispozitiv intrauterin&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/iud-2\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>DIU<\/a>, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">care este un obiect de mici dimensiuni plasat &icirc;n uter, poate fi fie hormonal, fie non-hormonal. Acesta trebuie montat numai de c&#259;tre un ginecolog. Fiecare tip de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;DIU&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Dispozitiv intrauterin&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/iud-2\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>DIU<\/a> are specificit&#259;&#539;i diferite &#537;i &icirc;&#537;i poate avea func&#539;ia de protec&#539;ie timp de p&acirc;n&#259; la 5 ani. Aceasta poate fi o form&#259; convenabil&#259; de contracep&#539;ie pentru unele persoane, deoarece necesit&#259; un efort redus &#537;i este foarte eficient&#259; &icirc;n prevenirea sarcinii (99%). Cu toate acestea, unele persoane ar putea avea dureri mai mari &#537;i s&acirc;nger&#259;ri abundente &icirc;n timpul menstrua&#539;iei atunci c&acirc;nd au dispozitive intrauterine.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Plasture contraceptiv&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este un plasture lipicios, asem&#259;n&#259;tor cu un plasture medical, care elibereaz&#259; hormoni &icirc;n organism prin piele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/contraceptive-patch\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Plasture contraceptiv<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: este un plasture lipicios, asem&#259;n&#259;tor cu un plasture medical, care elibereaz&#259; hormoni &icirc;n organism prin piele. Acesta con&#539;ine aceia&#537;i hormoni ca &#537;i pilulele (progesteron &#537;i estrogen) &#537;i este f&#259;cut pentru a fi folosit de persoanele cu uter. Folosi&#539;i plasturele conform instruc&#539;iunilor de pe ambalaj. Un plasture trebuie purtat timp de aproximativ o s&#259;pt&#259;m&acirc;n&#259; &#537;i apoi trebuie schimbat cu unul nou. Plasturii se folosesc, de asemenea, &icirc;n ciclul de 4 s&#259;pt&#259;m&acirc;ni, 3 s&#259;pt&#259;m&acirc;ni cu plasture (&icirc;n fiecare s&#259;pt&#259;m&acirc;n&#259; unul nou) &#537;i o s&#259;pt&#259;m&acirc;n&#259; f&#259;r&#259; plasture. Acesta ar trebui s&#259; fie rezistent la ap&#259; &#537;i transpira&#539;ie, astfel &icirc;nc&acirc;t nu sunt necesare restric&#539;ii &icirc;n regim. Posibilele efecte secundare pot fi similare cu cele ale pilulelor hormonale, inclusiv cre&#537;terea tensiunii arteriale.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Diafragma sau capacul contraceptiv&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este un capac de silicon care se introduce &icirc;n vagin &icirc;nainte de sex. Principiul este c&#259; capacul acoper&#259; colul uterin &#537;i creeaz&#259; o barier&#259; astfel &icirc;nc&acirc;t spermatozoizii nu pot intra &icirc;n uter &#537;i fertiliza ovulul.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/contraceptive-diaphragm-or-cap\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Diafragma sau capacul contraceptiv<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">este un capac de silicon care se introduce &icirc;n vagin &icirc;nainte de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a>. Capacul acoper&#259; colul uterin &#537;i creeaz&#259; o barier&#259; pentru ca spermatozoizii s&#259; nu poat&#259; intra &icirc;n uter &#537;i s&#259; fertilizeze ovulul. Capacul trebuie s&#259; r&#259;m&acirc;n&#259; inserat cel pu&#539;in 6 ore dup&#259; contactul sexual pentru a fi eficient &#537;i se recomand&#259; a fi folosit &icirc;mpreun&#259; cu gelul spermicid f&#259;c&acirc;nd circa 94% de eficien&#539;&#259; &icirc;n prevenirea unei sarcini. Capacele sunt de diferite m&#259;rimi, a&#537;a c&#259; poate dura ceva timp pentru a g&#259;si m&#259;rimea potrivit&#259; &#537;i pentru a &icirc;nv&#259;&#539;a cum s&#259; o folose&#537;ti corect. Un capac poate fi folosit &icirc;n mod repetat timp de aproximativ 1-2 ani.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Vasectomia&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o procedur&#259; chirurgical&#259; pentru persoanele cu testicule pentru a t&#259;ia sau a sigila tubul cu spermatozoizi &#537;i, prin urmare, pentru a preveni sarcina.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/vasectomy\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Vasectomia<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">este o procedur&#259; chirurgical&#259; pentru persoanele cu testicule pentru a t&#259;ia sau sigila tubul cu spermatozoizi &#537;i, prin urmare, pentru a preveni sarcina. Vasectomiile pot fi inversate din nou prin reconectarea chirurgical&#259; a trompelor, &icirc;ns&#259; procedura de inversare a opera&#539;iei nu este garantat&#259; s&#259; func&#539;ioneze, aceasta depinz&acirc;nd de c&acirc;t de mult timp a trecut de c&acirc;nd s-a f&#259;cut <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Vasectomia&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o procedur&#259; chirurgical&#259; pentru persoanele cu testicule pentru a t&#259;ia sau a sigila tubul cu spermatozoizi &#537;i, prin urmare, pentru a preveni sarcina.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/vasectomy\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">vasectomia<\/a>. &Icirc;n primele c&acirc;teva s&#259;pt&#259;m&acirc;ni (8-12) dup&#259; procedur&#259; trebuie folosite alte metode contraceptive, deoarece ar putea exista &icirc;nc&#259; spermatozoizi &icirc;n trompe. Dup&#259; vasectomie, va exista ejaculare, dar sperma nu va purta spermatozoizi. Unele persoane pot avea probleme cu testiculele dureroase dup&#259; aceast&#259; procedur&#259;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Sterilizarea femeilor: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">pentru persoanele cu uter sterilizarea presupune blocarea sau sigilarea trompelor uterine pentru a &icirc;mpiedica ovulele s&#259; ajung&#259; la spermatozoizi &#537;i s&#259; fie fecundate. Majoritatea procedurilor de ligatur&#259; a trompelor nu pot fi inversate. Dac&#259; se &icirc;ncearc&#259; inversarea, aceasta necesit&#259; o interven&#539;ie chirurgical&#259; major&#259; &#537;i nu este &icirc;ntotdeauna eficient&#259;.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><b>Inelul vaginal <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">este un inel din plastic moale care se introduce &icirc;n vagin &#537;i care elibereaz&#259; estrogen &#537;i progesteron pentru a preveni sarcina. Inelul func&#539;ioneaz&#259; timp de o lun&#259;, atunci c&acirc;nd este plasat corect &icirc;n interiorul vaginului. Dac&#259; inelul iese, poate fi sp&#259;lat cu ap&#259; cald&#259; &#537;i plasat din nou &icirc;n&#259;untru. Are o eficien&#539;&#259; de peste 99%.<\/span><a id=\"post-6355-_heading=h.1fob9te\"><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h4><strong>3.2.4. <b>S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; &#537;i corpul nostru<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit OMS, a vorbi despre s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; se aib&#259; interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute &icirc;n condi&#539;ii de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i f&#259;r&#259; constr&acirc;ngere, discriminare &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;<\/a> depinde, de asemenea, de modul &icirc;n care ne raport&#259;m la propriul corp &ndash; la <\/span><b>imaginea <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">noastr&#259; <\/span><b>corporal&#259; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">-&gt; Pute&#539;i citi mai multe despre acest lucru &icirc;n subiectul privind <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1rD0Hvcj-kIT7Mn0qHsbH5sLiwpX0NOgq\/edit#bookmark=id.1x0gk37\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">maturizarea sexual&#259;<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Imaginea corporal&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este un set de g&acirc;nduri &#537;i sentimente ale unei persoane fa&#539;&#259; de propriul corp &#537;i modul &icirc;n care percep atractivitatea &#537;i abilit&#259;&#539;ile acestuia, precum &#537;i modul &icirc;n care se raporteaz&#259; la el.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/body-image\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Imaginea corporal&#259;<\/a> a unei persoane poate fi foarte mult influen&#539;at&#259; atunci c&acirc;nd sunt prezente anumite forme de tulbur&#259;ri alimentare sau c&acirc;nd <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Imaginea corporal&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este un set de g&acirc;nduri &#537;i sentimente ale unei persoane fa&#539;&#259; de propriul corp &#537;i modul &icirc;n care percep atractivitatea &#537;i abilit&#259;&#539;ile acestuia, precum &#537;i modul &icirc;n care se raporteaz&#259; la el.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/body-image\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">imaginea corporal&#259;<\/a> distorsionat&#259; poate poten&#539;a dietele restrictive, antrenamentele extreme sau alte comportamente alimentare. At&acirc;t <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Imaginea corporal&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este un set de g&acirc;nduri &#537;i sentimente ale unei persoane fa&#539;&#259; de propriul corp &#537;i modul &icirc;n care percep atractivitatea &#537;i abilit&#259;&#539;ile acestuia, precum &#537;i modul &icirc;n care se raporteaz&#259; la el.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/body-image\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">imaginea corporal&#259;<\/a>, c&acirc;t &#537;i tulbur&#259;rile alimentare sunt influen&#539;ate &icirc;n mare m&#259;sur&#259; de social media (Hogan &amp; Strasburger, 2008). <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Imaginea corporal&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este un set de g&acirc;nduri &#537;i sentimente ale unei persoane fa&#539;&#259; de propriul corp &#537;i modul &icirc;n care percep atractivitatea &#537;i abilit&#259;&#539;ile acestuia, precum &#537;i modul &icirc;n care se raporteaz&#259; la el.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/body-image\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Imaginea corporal&#259;<\/a> negativ&#259; poate duce, de asemenea, la dorin&#539;a de modific&#259;ri corporale, cum ar fi s&#259; ai o siluet&#259; slab&#259;, s&#259; &icirc;&#539;i faci un tatuaj, un piercing sau un alt atribut decorativ, dar poate fi exprimat&#259; &#537;i prin &icirc;mbr&#259;c&#259;minte, prin utilizarea de produse anti-&icirc;mb&#259;tr&acirc;nire sau prin efectuarea de opera&#539;ii estetice, (Antonova et al., 2019; Song, &amp; Kim, 2005).<\/span><\/p><ul><li><h5><b>Sexul nu ar trebui s&#259; doar&#259;<\/b><\/h5><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Durerea semnaleaz&#259; c&#259; ceva nu este &icirc;n regul&#259;. Aceasta poate fi cauzat&#259; de o lubrifiere insuficient&#259; sau uneori de stres. Atunci c&acirc;nd sexul doare (&#537;i nu face parte din practica <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;BDSM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Bondage &#537;i disciplin&#259;, domina&#539;ie &#537;i supunere, sadism &#537;i masochism&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/bdsm\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">BDSM<\/a> consensual&#259;), ar trebui s&#259; ne oprim sau s&#259; &icirc;ncetinim. Dac&#259; motivul durerii este stresul sau frica, ceea ce este foarte frecvent mai ales atunci c&acirc;nd se face <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a> pentru prima dat&#259; sau cu o persoan&#259; nou&#259;, este important s&#259; comunic&#259;m acest lucru cu partenerul &#537;i s&#259; facem lucruri care calmeaz&#259; &#537;i relaxeaz&#259; mu&#537;chii. Dac&#259; motivul este lubrifierea insuficient&#259;, exist&#259; posibilitatea de a folosi un gel lubrifiant. Acest lucru este necesar mai ales &icirc;n timpul sexului anal. Durerea &icirc;n timpul sexului poate avea &#537;i cauze mai grave, cum ar fi <\/span><b>vaginismul, endometrioza sau fimoza<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. &Icirc;n astfel de cazuri, este important s&#259; contacta&#539;i un expert &ndash; ginecolog sau urolog.<\/span><\/p><ul><li><h5><strong>Cancerul de s&acirc;n<\/strong><\/h5><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cu toate c&#259; &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul adolescentelor cancerul de s&acirc;n este extrem de rar, riscul pentru adolescente &#537;i adul&#539;i tineri este din ce &icirc;n ce mai mare, a&#537;a c&#259; ar fi bine s&#259; men&#539;iona&#539;i autoexaminarea preventiv&#259; sau sursele de informare pentru viitor (mamografia &#537;i acoperirea asigur&#259;rilor de s&#259;n&#259;tate), s&#259; vorbi&#539;i despre cele mai frecvente simptome, cum ar fi noduli la s&acirc;n sau la subra&#539;, schimbarea formei &#537;i dimensiunii s&acirc;nului, umfl&#259;turi &#537;i altele. Autoexaminarea este ideal s&#259; se fac&#259; o dat&#259; pe lun&#259;.<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cum s&#259; v&#259; autoexamina&#539;i (instruc&#539;iuni mai precise pot fi g&#259;site <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.check4cancer.com\/advice-and-awareness\/blog\/1593-handy-guide-to-performing-a-breast-self-examination-in-6-steps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">aici<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cel mai bun moment pentru autoexaminare este la 1-2 s&#259;pt&#259;m&acirc;ni dup&#259; menstrua&#539;ie<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Verific&#259;-&#539;i vizual s&acirc;nii &icirc;n fa&#539;a oglinzii, st&acirc;nd &icirc;n picioare, at&acirc;t cu m&acirc;inile &icirc;n jos, c&acirc;t &#537;i deasupra capului, pentru a observa eventualele modific&#259;ri.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Apoi, c&acirc;nd v&#259; &icirc;ntinde&#539;i pe spate, cu o u&#537;oar&#259; presiune a dou&#259; sau trei degete, &icirc;nconjura&#539;i &#539;esutul mamar cu mi&#537;c&#259;ri circulare, at&acirc;t la suprafa&#539;&#259;, c&acirc;t &#537;i pu&#539;in mai ad&acirc;nc, &#537;i observa&#539;i eventualii noduli sau durit&#259;&#539;i.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li><h5><strong>Cancerul testicular<\/strong><\/h5><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Afecteaz&#259; tinerii &icirc;ncep&acirc;nd cu v&acirc;rsta de 15 ani, a&#537;a c&#259; este important s&#259; &icirc;i inform&#259;m pe adolescen&#539;i despre acest lucru. Simptomele tipice sunt umflarea sau umfl&#259;tura nedureroas&#259; a unuia dintre testicule, orice modificare a formei sau texturii testiculelor, modificarea fermit&#259;&#539;ii testiculelor. Cea mai bun&#259; m&#259;sur&#259; preventiv&#259; este &#537;i autoexaminarea, de preferin&#539;&#259; f&#259;cut&#259; o dat&#259; pe lun&#259;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cum s&#259; v&#259; autoexamina&#539;i (instruc&#539;iuni mai precise pot fi g&#259;site <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.testicularcancerawarenessfoundation.org\/self-exam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">aici<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">):<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#538;ine&#539;i partea de sus a unui testicul &icirc;ntre degetul mare &#537;i degetul ar&#259;t&#259;tor &#537;i &#539;ine&#539;i partea de jos cu cealalt&#259; m&acirc;n&#259;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rostogoli&#539;i u&#537;or testiculul cu o str&acirc;ngere u&#537;oar&#259;, c&#259;ut&acirc;nd noduli sau umfl&#259;turi dure.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li><h5><strong>Mutilarea genital&#259;<\/strong><\/h5><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">De obicei, <\/span><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Mutilarea genital&#259; feminin&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit&#259; ca procedura de &icirc;ndep&#259;rtare a organelor genitale externe s&#259;n&#259;toase ale fetelor\/femeilor din motive socio-culturale &icirc;n &#539;&#259;ri din afara Europei, adesea f&#259;r&#259; aprobarea acestora sau f&#259;r&#259; ca ele s&#259; &icirc;n&#539;eleag&#259; pe deplin consecin&#539;ele procedurilor.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/female-genital-mutilation\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mutilarea genital&#259; feminin&#259;<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">poate fi definit&#259; ca o procedur&#259; de &icirc;ndep&#259;rtare a organelor genitale externe s&#259;n&#259;toase ale fetelor\/femeilor din motive socio-culturale &icirc;n &#539;&#259;ri din afara Europei, adesea f&#259;r&#259; aprobarea acestora sau f&#259;r&#259; ca ele s&#259; &icirc;n&#539;eleag&#259; pe deplin consecin&#539;ele procedurilor. Mutilarea genital&#259; poate duce, &icirc;n cele mai grave cazuri, chiar la moarte subit&#259;. Alte efecte imediate pot fi s&acirc;nger&#259;ri severe, dureri intense, infec&#539;ii, leziuni ale organelor &icirc;nvecinate, reten&#539;ie de urin&#259; &#537;i un &#537;oc imens. Efectele pe termen lung pot fi formarea de chisturi, formarea de abcese, infec&#539;ii de lung&#259; durat&#259; &#537;i multe altele. Acolo are &#537;i un impact negativ uria&#537; asupra pl&#259;cerii &#537;i vie&#539;ii sexuale a persoanelor care au fost supuse acestei interven&#539;ii (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;OMS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Organiza&#539;ia Mondial&#259; a S&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/who\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>OMS<\/a>, 1998). Efectele psihologice apar &icirc;n mod obi&#537;nuit dup&#259; o astfel de procedur&#259;, &icirc;n principal tulburarea de stres posttraumatic (<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PTSD&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Tulburare de stres posttraumatic&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/ptsd\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">PTSD<\/a>) &#537;i tulbur&#259;rile afective, &icirc;ns&#259; acest domeniu necesit&#259; mai multe cercet&#259;ri, deoarece majoritatea s-a concentrat doar pe efectele fizice. Implicarea informa&#539;iilor despre mutilarea genital&#259; poate face parte din discu&#539;ia despre standardele culturale\/de frumuse&#539;e din diferite culturi &#537;i despre modul &icirc;n care acestea d&#259;uneaz&#259; corpurilor s&#259;n&#259;toase (Mulongo, Hollins, &amp; McAndrew ,2014).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">-&gt; Pute&#539;i citi mai multe despre aceste subiecte &icirc;n sec&#539;iunea de <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/docs\/guide-for-families\/8-sexual-maturation-8826\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">maturizare sexual&#259;.<\/span><\/a><\/p><h4><a id=\"post-6355-_heading=h.zelxwbi3nkrj\"><\/a><strong>3.2.5. <b>Teme legate de s&#259;n&#259;tatea mintal&#259;<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Problemele de s&#259;n&#259;tate mintal&#259; ale minorit&#259;&#539;ilor sexuale &#537;i ale persoanelor cu genuri diferite trebuie mai &icirc;nt&acirc;i puse &icirc;n contextul patologiz&#259;rii &#537;i medicaliz&#259;rii istorice (de&#537;i, &icirc;n unele locuri, &icirc;nc&#259; prevalente) a &ldquo;homosexualit&#259;&#539;ii&rdquo; sau a &ldquo;transsexualismului&rdquo;, care au introdus forme persistente de stigmatizare care pot complica chiar &#537;i conversa&#539;iile afirmative &#537;i destigmatizante contemporane privind s&#259;n&#259;tatea mintal&#259; &#537;i bun&#259;starea tinerilor &#537;i adul&#539;ilor <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>. P&acirc;n&#259; la publicarea celei de-a zecea edi&#539;ii a Clasific&#259;rii Interna&#539;ionale a Bolilor &icirc;n 1990, &ldquo;homosexualitatea&rdquo; ar fi putut fi patologizat&#259; <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">per se, &icirc;n <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">timp ce abia &icirc;n 2019, c&acirc;nd &ldquo;transsexualismul&rdquo;, &icirc;nvechit &#537;i stigmatizant, a fost &icirc;nlocuit cu &ldquo;incongruen&#539;a de gen&rdquo;, care permite depatologizarea diversit&#259;&#539;ii normale a genului uman.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cu toate acestea, &icirc;n ciuda acestei repatologiz&#259;ri recente, care arat&#259; &icirc;n mod clar c&#259; nu exist&#259; nimic bolnav sau gre&#537;it &icirc;n a fi parte din comunitatea <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>, cercet&#259;rile privind bun&#259;starea &#537;i s&#259;n&#259;tatea mintal&#259; &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul persoanelor <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> continu&#259; s&#259; demonstreze c&#259; via&#539;a &icirc;ntr-o lume care sus&#539;ine diverse forme cisheteronormative de marginalizare, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Discriminare&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit&#259; ca fiind tratamentul inegal &#537;i nefavorabil al unui subiect sau al unui grup ca urmare a unei prejudec&#259;&#539;i. Nu este vorba doar de judec&#259;&#539;i sau de sentimente nefavorabile, ci &#537;i de acte de intoleran&#539;&#259; care constau &icirc;n respingerea &#537;i\/sau excluderea persoanelor &icirc;mpotriva c&#259;rora se au prejudec&#259;&#539;i.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/discrimination\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">discriminare<\/a> &#537;i stigmatizare constituie provoc&#259;ri suplimentare care pot provoca suferin&#539;&#259; psihologic&#259; suplimentar&#259; &#537;i pot duce la disparit&#259;&#539;i &icirc;n materie de s&#259;n&#259;tate. Aceste provoc&#259;ri suplimentare sunt adesea &icirc;ncapsulate &icirc;ntr-un termen de <\/span><b>stres al minorit&#259;&#539;ii <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(inclusiv stigmatizarea, discriminarea, dezaprobarea familiei, respingerea social&#259;, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Violen&#539;a&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o &icirc;nc&#259;lcare grav&#259; a drepturilor omului, care limiteaz&#259; dreptul oamenilor la via&#539;&#259;, libertate, securitate, demnitate, integritate fizic&#259; &#537;i psihic&#259; &#537;i nediscriminare.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/violence\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">violen&#539;a<\/a> &#537;i alte forme de victimizare &#537;i marginalizare), De exemplu, cercet&#259;rile interna&#539;ionale demonstreaz&#259; c&#259; probabilitatea de agresiune sexual&#259;, violen&#539;&#259; &icirc;n &icirc;nt&acirc;lniri &#537;i h&#259;r&#539;uire este mult mai mare &icirc;n r&acirc;ndul elevilor <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> &icirc;n compara&#539;ie cu colegii lor heterosexuali (Pito&#328;&aacute;k, 2017; Pl&ouml;derl, &amp; Tremblay, 2015). Ca o consecin&#539;&#259; a acestui stres al minorit&#259;&#539;ii, cercet&#259;rile interna&#539;ionale continu&#259; s&#259; sus&#539;in&#259; faptul c&#259; persoanele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> se confrunt&#259; cu un stres suplimentar &#537;i semnificativ care se poate traduce prin niveluri de anxietate sau depresie de c&acirc;teva ori mai mari, idei suicidare &#537;i tentative de suicid de c&acirc;teva ori mai mari, un consum mai frecvent de substan&#539;e, precum &#537;i o rat&#259; mai mare de absenteism &#537;colar, de exemplu, din cauza preocup&#259;rilor lor legate de siguran&#539;&#259;. &Icirc;n plus, teama de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Discriminare&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit&#259; ca fiind tratamentul inegal &#537;i nefavorabil al unui subiect sau al unui grup ca urmare a unei prejudec&#259;&#539;i. Nu este vorba doar de judec&#259;&#539;i sau de sentimente nefavorabile, ci &#537;i de acte de intoleran&#539;&#259; care constau &icirc;n respingerea &#537;i\/sau excluderea persoanelor &icirc;mpotriva c&#259;rora se au prejudec&#259;&#539;i.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/discrimination\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">discriminare<\/a> &icirc;n cadrul familiilor lor &#537;i al sistemului de s&#259;n&#259;tate &icirc;i determin&#259; pe mul&#539;i dintre cei care fac parte din comunitatea <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> s&#259; evite s&#259; caute &icirc;ngrijiri adecvate.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Importan&#539;a con&#537;tientiz&#259;rii impactului stigmatiz&#259;rii, marginaliz&#259;rii &#537;i discrimin&#259;rii asupra s&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii mintale nu se limiteaz&#259; &icirc;ns&#259; la cunoa&#537;terea efectelor negative ale acestora. De asemenea, trebuie s&#259; fim con&#537;tien&#539;i de strategiile care pot contribui la diminuarea efectelor acestora. De exemplu, &#537;colile pot introduce politici care s&#259; &icirc;mbr&#259;&#539;i&#537;eze diversitatea &#537;i incluziunea &icirc;n mediul &#537;colar &#537;i s&#259; se asigure c&#259; aceast&#259; politic&#259; este clar auzit&#259; de to&#539;i (inclusiv de poten&#539;ialii agresori). Cercet&#259;rile au dovedit, c&#259; elevii din &#537;colile care au introdus astfel de politici au avut o rat&#259; de sinucidere mai mic&#259; &icirc;n compara&#539;ie cu cei din &#537;colile f&#259;r&#259; astfel de politici (Hatzenbuhler, 2011).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">-&gt; Pute&#539;i citi mai multe &icirc;n subiectul <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/docs\/guide-for-families\/1-identity-sexual-diversity-8792\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Identitate: diversitate sexual&#259;<\/span><\/a><\/p><h3><i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-right\"><\/i> &ndash; 3.3. SITUA&#538;II DE DISCRIMINARE LEGATE DE SUBIECT &ndash; <i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-left\"><\/i><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Multe stereotipuri &#537;i concep&#539;ii gre&#537;ite prejudiciabile pot fi dureroase, inclusiv:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A&#537;tept&#259;rile ca b&#259;rba&#539;ii s&#259; fie mereu gata de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a>.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Persoanele homosexuale nu pot forma rela&#539;ii stabile &#537;i grijulii &#537;i sunt interesa&#539;i doar de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a> ocazional.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fetele bine crescute nu sunt interesate de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sunt prelegerile &#537;i informa&#539;iile despre <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> &icirc;ntotdeauna legate de dezbaterea despre persoanele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>? Acesta este un exemplu de stigmatizare a persoanelor <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>, &icirc;n special a comunit&#259;&#539;ii gay.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Persoanele homosexuale &#537;i persoanele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> sunt asociate automat cu rate mai mari de boli cu transmitere sexual.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stigmatizarea &icirc;n jurul medicamentelor, cum ar fi <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PrEP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Profilaxie pre-expunere: medicament pe care persoanele cu risc de infectare cu HIV &icirc;l pot lua pentru a preveni transmiterea virusului&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/prep\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">PrEP<\/a> &ndash; de exemplu, tratarea persoanelor care doresc s&#259; le utilizeze ca persoane care doresc s&#259; fie iresponsabile &icirc;n ceea ce prive&#537;te comportamentele lor sexuale.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stigmatizarea oamenilor pentru c&#259; au o via&#539;&#259; sexual&#259; bogat&#259;.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3>3.4. BUNE PRACTICI<\/h3><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8532 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1728\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png 1728w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1536x768.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1728px) 100vw, 1728px\"\/><\/p><h4><strong>3.4.1. <b>Ora de educa&#539;ie sexual&#259;<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Furnizarea de informa&#539;ii generale &#537;i neutre, f&#259;r&#259; convingeri politice sau religioase. Astfel se evit&#259; nerespectarea valorilor familiale ale fiec&#259;rui copil &icirc;n parte, care sunt susceptibile de a fi diferite. &Icirc;nv&#259;&#539;a&#539;i despre cum se poate avea grij&#259; de propria s&#259;n&#259;tate sexual&#259;, preven&#539;ie, contracep&#539;ie, boli cu transmitere sexual&#259; &#537;i tratament, &icirc;n loc de abstinen&#539;&#259;. Men&#539;iona&#539;i legisla&#539;ia &#537;i limitele de v&acirc;rst&#259; pentru <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a> &#537;i consumul (etic) de pornografie.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Educa&#539;ia privind <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit OMS, a vorbi despre s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; se aib&#259; interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute &icirc;n condi&#539;ii de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i f&#259;r&#259; constr&acirc;ngere, discriminare &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;<\/a> func&#539;ioneaz&#259; dac&#259; exist&#259; un sentiment reciproc de &icirc;ncredere, siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i confort. Pentru a realiza acest lucru, v&#259; poate fi util&#259; stabilirea c&acirc;torva reguli de baz&#259;. Unele reguli de baz&#259; care ar putea func&#539;iona sunt (Alberta, s.n.):<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Discu&#539;iile din sala de clas&#259; sunt confiden&#539;iale.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Evita&#539;i s&#259; adresa&#539;i &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri personale elevilor.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Este &icirc;n regul&#259; s&#259; refuzi sexual.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;ntreb&#259;rile sunt binevenite at&acirc;ta timp c&acirc;t sunt respectuoase.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Folosi&#539;i termeni &#537;tiin&#539;ifici pentru p&#259;r&#539;ile corpului &#537;i activit&#259;&#539;i &icirc;n loc de metafore.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Folosi&#539;i un limbaj incluziv.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asculta&#539;i c&acirc;nd vorbesc al&#539;ii.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fiecare vorbe&#537;te &icirc;n numele s&#259;u.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Respecta&#539;i limitele personale.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vom fi sensibili la <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Diversitate&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se define&#537;te ca diferen&#539;e &icirc;n ceea ce prive&#537;te valorile, atitudinile, perspectiva cultural&#259;, credin&#539;ele, originea etnic&#259;, orientarea sexual&#259;, identitatea de gen, aptitudinile, cuno&#537;tin&#539;ele &#537;i experien&#539;ele de via&#539;&#259; ale fiec&#259;rui individ din orice grup de persoane.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/diversity\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">diversitate<\/a> &#537;i vom avea grij&#259; s&#259; nu facem remarci nep&#259;s&#259;toare.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Este &icirc;n regul&#259; s&#259; te distrezi.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asigura&#539;i-v&#259; c&#259; discu&#539;ia este adecvat&#259; v&acirc;rstei &#537;i stadiului de dezvoltare al elevilor dvs.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asigura&#539;i-v&#259; c&#259; toat&#259; lumea a fost de acord s&#259; deschid&#259; subiectul.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asigura&#539;i-v&#259; c&#259; explica&#539;i &#537;i oferi&#539;i o mul&#539;ime de exemple, astfel &icirc;nc&acirc;t informa&#539;ia s&#259; ajung&#259; la elevii dvs.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A&#539;i putea afi&#537;a informa&#539;iile &icirc;n clas&#259; (sub form&#259; de poster\/punct de afi&#537;are, flutura&#537; etc.).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Revigora&#539;i ideea de &icirc;ncredere, siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i confort pe parcursul &icirc;ntregii unit&#259;&#539;i de s&#259;n&#259;tate sexual&#259; (&#537;i &icirc;n general atunci c&acirc;nd vorbi&#539;i despre acest subiect).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h4><strong>3.4.2. <b>Sfaturi privind comportamentul de risc &#537;i sexul protejat<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;nv&#259;&#539;area despre sexul protejat &#537;i rela&#539;ii sigure poate &icirc;ncepe prin a vorbi despre limitele personale. Activitatea poate consta &icirc;n cartografierea spa&#539;iului personal al elevilor, a nevoilor &#537;i sentimentelor lor &icirc;n ceea ce prive&#537;te apropierea de cineva &#537;i discutarea modului &icirc;n care acestea se pot schimba &icirc;n diferite contexte sociale. &Icirc;n continuare, pute&#539;i discuta despre atingeri &icirc;n diferite p&#259;r&#539;i ale corpului &#537;i despre consim&#539;&#259;m&acirc;nt. Inspira&#539;ia pentru o activitate poate fi g&#259;sit&#259; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifpa.ie\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/Reports\/teaching_about_consent_healthy_boundaries_a_guide_for_educators.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">aici<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Face&#539;i un brainstorming cu elevii dumneavoastr&#259; &ndash; ce fel de metode de protec&#539;ie cunosc? Care dintre ele protejeaz&#259; &icirc;mpotriva sarcinii &#537;i care &icirc;mpotriva <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a>? &Icirc;ncheia&#539;i prezentarea cu informa&#539;ii despre aceste metode &#537;i despre avantajele &#537;i dezavantajele lor.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Furnizarea de informa&#539;ii corecte din punct de vedere &#537;tiin&#539;ific despre <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> &#537;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;BTS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;boli cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stds\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>BTS<\/a> (simptomele, efectele, tratamentele &#537;i prevenirea acestora), prevenirea sarcinilor nedorite, metodele de protec&#539;ie &#537;i eficien&#539;a acestora (f&#259;r&#259; a exagera sau subestima riscurile oric&#259;rei metode). De exemplu, majoritatea programelor de &icirc;nv&#259;&#539;&#259;m&acirc;nt omit informa&#539;ii despre <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PrEP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Profilaxie pre-expunere: medicament pe care persoanele cu risc de infectare cu HIV &icirc;l pot lua pentru a preveni transmiterea virusului&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/prep\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">PrEP<\/a> &#537;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;PEP&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Profilaxie post-expunere: medicament care poate fi utilizat pentru a preveni infec&#539;ia cu HIV &icirc;n termen de 72 de ore dup&#259; expunere&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/pep\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>PEP<\/a>, ceea ce nu este util. Atunci c&acirc;nd vorbi&#539;i despre <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a>, nu uita&#539;i de principiul <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;U=U&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Nedetectabil=Netransmisibil&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/uu\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>U=U<\/a>. Oferi&#539;i informa&#539;ii despre unde este posibil s&#259; se testeze pentru <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> &#537;i boli cu transmitere sexual&#259;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Evita&#539;i &ldquo;abordarea bazat&#259; exclusiv pe abstinen&#539;&#259;&rdquo;, deoarece s-a dovedit &icirc;n mod repetat ineficient&#259;. Mai degrab&#259;, oferi&#539;i mesaje clare cu privire la ceea ce pot face elevii &icirc;n mod specific pentru ca rela&#539;iile lor sexuale s&#259; fie sigure &#537;i s&#259;n&#259;toase. Pute&#539;i adopta a&#537;a-numitul <\/span><b>discurs de risc vs. vulnerabilitate <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&ndash; <\/span><b>importan&#539;a de a nu insufla teama de boal&#259;, ci de a motiva interesul pentru s&#259;n&#259;tate s-a dovedit a fi mai eficient&#259; &icirc;n motivarea comportamentelor de c&#259;utare a s&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii, cum ar fi testarea <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> sau practicarea sexului mai sigur <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(Women, U. N., &amp; UNICEF, 2018).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Interven&#539;iile de prevenire a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; &#537;i a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; care vizeaz&#259; studen&#539;ii ar trebui s&#259; se concentreze pe realizarea unor schimb&#259;ri de comportament promi&#539;&#259;toare, prin accentuarea mai eficient&#259; a factorilor motiva&#539;ionali pentru men&#539;inerea unei bune st&#259;ri de s&#259;n&#259;tate &#537;i a competen&#539;elor comportamentale. S-a dovedit c&#259; o prelegere\/un atelier de lucru &#539;inut de o persoan&#259; de v&acirc;rst&#259; apropiat&#259; de cea a elevilor care primesc con&#539;inutul este un factor eficient &icirc;n ceea ce prive&#537;te ascultarea &#537;i aten&#539;ia. Programele preventive par s&#259; aib&#259; un efect mai bun asupra fetelor &#537;i femeilor &#537;i un efect mult mai redus asupra b&#259;ie&#539;ilor &#537;i b&#259;rba&#539;ilor. Concentrarea asupra implic&#259;rii mai mult a studen&#539;ilor de <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a> masculin &#537;i crearea unui program care s&#259; combine p&#259;r&#539;i fa&#539;&#259; &icirc;n fa&#539;&#259; &#537;i p&#259;r&#539;i online poate fi cea mai benefic&#259; (Mon Kyaw Soe et al., 2018).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Se recomand&#259; s&#259; se predea despre <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ITS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Infec&#539;ii cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>ITS<\/a> &#537;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;BTS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;boli cu transmitere sexual&#259;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stds\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>BTS<\/a> &icirc;n cadrul unei educa&#539;ii sexuale complexe, incluz&acirc;nd &icirc;n acela&#537;i timp aspectul pl&#259;cerii sexuale: de exemplu, s&#259; se discute despre efectele &#537;i fiabilitatea diferitelor tipuri de protec&#539;ie asupra pl&#259;cerii tr&#259;ite &icirc;n timpul sexului, pun&acirc;nd accentul pe importan&#539;a utiliz&#259;rii unei protec&#539;ii fiabile. S-a dovedit c&#259; a vorbi despre pl&#259;cere &icirc;n cadrul educa&#539;iei sexuale cre&#537;te &#537;ansele de utilizare a prezervativului (Zaneva et al., 2022).<\/span><\/p><h4><strong>3.4.3. Tips regarding mental health<\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Permite&#539;i elevilor s&#259; exploreze &#537;i s&#259; &icirc;n&#539;eleag&#259; importan&#539;a nevoilor &#537;i drepturilor lor &#537;i modul &icirc;n care acestea le afecteaz&#259; bun&#259;starea. Preciza&#539;i ce &icirc;nseamn&#259; s&#259;n&#259;tatea mintal&#259; &#537;i descrie&#539;i unii factori care pot duce la o s&#259;n&#259;tate mintal&#259; precar&#259;. Include&#539;i discu&#539;ii despre posibilele modalit&#259;&#539;i de prevenire &#537;i de sprijinire a s&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii mintale proprii &#537;i a celorlal&#539;i, discut&acirc;nd, de asemenea, despre sprijinul psihosocial &#537;i &icirc;ngrijirea s&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii mintale &#537;i despre modul &icirc;n care se pot ob&#539;ine acestea (FHI360 Open Doors Project, 2019).<\/span><\/p><h3>3.5. REFERIN&#538;E<\/h3><p>Alberta (n.d.). Ground rules. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/teachingsexualhealth.ca\/teachers\/sexual-health-education\/understanding-your-role\/get-prepared\/ground-rules\/\">https:\/\/teachingsexualhealth.ca\/teachers\/sexual-health-education\/understanding-your-role\/get-prepared\/ground-rules\/<\/a><\/p><p><a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;APA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Asocia&#539;ia American&#259; de Psihologie&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/apa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>APA<\/a> (n.d.). Masturbation. Available from <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/masturbation\">https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/masturbation<\/a><\/p><p>Antonova, N., Merenkov, A., Gurarii, A., &amp; Grunt, E. (2019, May). Body Image: Body Modification Practices. In 2019 International Conference on Pedagogy, Communication and Sociology (ICPCS 2019) (pp. 289-292). Atlantis Press.<\/p><p>Baggaley, R. F., White, R. G., &amp; Boily, M. C. (2010). <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> transmission risk through anal intercourse: systematic review, meta-analysis and implications for <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> prevention. International journal of epidemiology, 39(4), 1048-1063. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyq057\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyq057<\/a><\/p><p>Berenbaum, S. A., Beltz, A. M., &amp; Corley, R. (2015). The importance of puberty for adolescent development: conceptualization and measurement. Advances in child development and behaviour, 48, 53-92.<\/p><p>Blomquist, P. B., Mohammed, H., Mikhail, A., Weatherburn, P., Reid, D., Wayal, S., &hellip; &amp; Mercer, C. H. (2020). Characteristics and sexual health service use of <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MSM&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;B&#259;rba&#539;i care fac sex cu b&#259;rba&#539;i&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/msm\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>MSM<\/a> engaging in <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Chemsex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit ca fiind angajarea &icirc;n activit&#259;&#539;i sexuale sub influen&#539;a unor droguri recrea&#539;ionale specifice, de obicei pentru a sus&#539;ine, spori, prelungi, dezinhiba sau facilita experien&#539;a.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/chemsex\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">chemsex<\/a>: results from a large online survey in England. Sexually transmitted infections, 96(8), 590-595.<\/p><p>Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2021). Sexually Transmitted Infections Prevalence, Incidence, and Cost Estimates in the United States. Available from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/statistics\/prevalence-2020-at-a-glance.htm\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/statistics\/prevalence-2020-at-a-glance.htm<\/a><\/p><p>Desai, M., Field, N., Grant, R., &amp; McCormack, S. (2017). Recent advances in pre-exposure prophylaxis for <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a>. BMJ, j5011. doi:10.1136\/bmj.j5011<\/p><p>Drysdale, K. (2021). &lsquo;Scene&rsquo;as a critical framing device: Extending analysis of <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Chemsex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit ca fiind angajarea &icirc;n activit&#259;&#539;i sexuale sub influen&#539;a unor droguri recrea&#539;ionale specifice, de obicei pentru a sus&#539;ine, spori, prelungi, dezinhiba sau facilita experien&#539;a.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/chemsex\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">chemsex<\/a> cultures. Sexualities, 1363460721995467.<\/p><p>Drysdale, K., Bryant, J., Hopwood, M., Dowsett, G. W., Holt, M., Lea, T., &hellip; &amp; Treloar, C. (2020). Destabilising the &lsquo;problem&rsquo;of <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Chemsex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit ca fiind angajarea &icirc;n activit&#259;&#539;i sexuale sub influen&#539;a unor droguri recrea&#539;ionale specifice, de obicei pentru a sus&#539;ine, spori, prelungi, dezinhiba sau facilita experien&#539;a.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/chemsex\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">chemsex<\/a>: Diversity in settings, relations and practices revealed in Australian gay and bisexual men&rsquo;s crystal methamphetamine use. International Journal of Drug Policy, 78, 102697.<\/p><p>Eisinger, R. W., Dieffenbach, C. W., &amp; Fauci, A. S. (2019). <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> Viral Load and Transmissibility of <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> Infection. JAMA, 321(5), 451. doi:10.1001\/jama.2018.21167.<\/p><p>FHI360 Open Doors Project (2019). Gender, sexuality, and sexual orientation. Training manual. Available from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fhi360.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media\/documents\/resource-zambia-open-doors-gss-training-manual.pdf\">https:\/\/www.fhi360.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media\/documents\/resource-zambia-open-doors-gss-training-manual.pdf<\/a><\/p><p>Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2011). The Social Environment and Suicide Attempts in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth. PEDIATRICS. 127: 896-903.<\/p><p>Hazen, E., Schlozman, S., &amp; Beresin, E. (2008). Adolescent psychological development: a review. Pediatrics in review, 29(5), 161-168.<\/p><p>Hogan, M. J., &amp; Strasburger, V. C. (2008). Body image, eating disorders, and the media. Adolesc Med State <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ART&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;tratament antiretroviral&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/art\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Art<\/a> Rev, 19(3), 521-546.<\/p><p>Knight, R., Karamouzian, M., Carson, A., Edward, J., Carrieri, P., Shoveller, J., &hellip; &amp; Fast, D. (2019). Interventions to address substance use and sexual risk among gay, bisexual and other men who have <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a> with men who use methamphetamine: a systematic review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 194, 410-429.<\/p><p>Leahy, B. (2018). Language used to convey <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> infection risk is important. The Lancet <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a>, 5(6), e272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-3018(18)30103-6<\/p><p>Levin, R. J. (2007). Sexual activity, health and well-being &ndash; the beneficial roles of coitus and masturbation. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 22(1), 135&ndash;148. doi:10.1080\/14681990601149197<\/p><p>Maxwell, S., Shahmanesh, M., &amp; Gafos, M. (2019). <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Chemsex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit ca fiind angajarea &icirc;n activit&#259;&#539;i sexuale sub influen&#539;a unor droguri recrea&#539;ionale specifice, de obicei pentru a sus&#539;ine, spori, prelungi, dezinhiba sau facilita experien&#539;a.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/chemsex\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Chemsex<\/a> behaviours among men who have <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a> with men: a systematic review of the literature. 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(2022). <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Chemsex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit ca fiind angajarea &icirc;n activit&#259;&#539;i sexuale sub influen&#539;a unor droguri recrea&#539;ionale specifice, de obicei pentru a sus&#539;ine, spori, prelungi, dezinhiba sau facilita experien&#539;a.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/chemsex\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Chemsex<\/a> users in Czechia: EMIS survey. Central European Journal of Public Health, 30(2), 86-92.<\/p><p>Women, U. N., &amp; UNICEF. (2018). International technical guidance on sexuality education: an evidence-informed approach. UNESCO Publishing.<\/p><p>WHO (1998). Female genital mutilation: an overview. WHO.<\/p><p>WHO (n.d.). Sexual health. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/sexual-health#tab=tab_1\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/sexual-health#tab=tab_1<\/a><\/p><p>and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/sexual-ghealth#tab=tab_3\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/sexual-ghealth#tab=tab_3<\/a><\/p><p>Zaneva, M., Philpott, A., Singh, A., Larsson, G., &amp; Gonsalves, L. (2022). What is the added value of incorporating pleasure in sexual health interventions? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Plos one, 17(2), e0261034.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\/*! elementor &ndash; v3.12.2 &ndash; 23-04-2023 *\/ .elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=&rdquo;.svg&rdquo;]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block} \/*! elementor &ndash; v3.12.2 &ndash; 23-04-2023 *\/ .elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(&ndash;spacer-size)}.e-con{&ndash;container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(&ndash;container-widget-width,var(&ndash;spacer-size));&ndash;align-self:var(&ndash;container-widget-align-self,initial);&ndash;flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container,.e-con-inner&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container&gt;.elementor-spacer,.e-con&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container,.e-con&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container&gt;.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container&gt;.elementor-spacer&gt;.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container&gt;.elementor-spacer&gt;.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(&ndash;container-widget-height,var(&ndash;spacer-size))} <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este mai degrab&#259; o stare de bine complex&#259; &#537;i cuprinde mai mult dec&acirc;t absen&#539;a bolilor cu transmitere sexual&#259; sau a infec&#539;iilor cu transmitere sexual&#259;. Potrivit OMS, a vorbi despre s&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259; necesit&#259; o abordare pozitiv&#259; &#537;i respectuoas&#259;, &icirc;n care este posibil s&#259; se aib&#259; interac&#539;iuni sexuale &#537;i experien&#539;e pl&#259;cute &icirc;n condi&#539;ii de siguran&#539;&#259; &#537;i f&#259;r&#259; constr&acirc;ngere, discriminare &#537;i violen&#539;&#259;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">S&#259;n&#259;tatea sexual&#259;<\/a> este legat&#259; at&acirc;t de s&#259;n&#259;tatea fizic&#259; &#537;i mintal&#259;, c&acirc;t &#537;i de bun&#259;starea general&#259; a unei persoane &#537;i poate fi experimentat&#259; &icirc;n mod diferit de c&#259;tre persoanele cu diverse sexualit&#259;&#539;i &#537;i identit&#259;&#539;i de [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9568,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-10143","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","no-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/10143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10143"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/10143\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9568"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10143"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=10143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}