{"id":10128,"date":"2023-04-04T16:50:05","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T16:50:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/docs\/guide-for-educators\/11-microaggressions-6373\/"},"modified":"2023-05-22T20:21:13","modified_gmt":"2023-05-22T20:21:13","slug":"11-microaggressions-6373","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/docs\/guide-for-educators\/11-microaggressions-6373\/","title":{"rendered":"11. MICROAGRESIUNI"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10128\" class=\"elementor elementor-10128 elementor-6373\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-542587dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"542587dc\" data-element_type=\"section\"><div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-407c2690\" data-id=\"407c2690\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8970bec elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8970bec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_kid_separated_from_a_group_that_is_ignoring_them_be002939-7838-45f3-8b6d-e8454b6e9afb_1-2-1024x512.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9250\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_kid_separated_from_a_group_that_is_ignoring_them_be002939-7838-45f3-8b6d-e8454b6e9afb_1-2-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_kid_separated_from_a_group_that_is_ignoring_them_be002939-7838-45f3-8b6d-e8454b6e9afb_1-2-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_kid_separated_from_a_group_that_is_ignoring_them_be002939-7838-45f3-8b6d-e8454b6e9afb_1-2-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_kid_separated_from_a_group_that_is_ignoring_them_be002939-7838-45f3-8b6d-e8454b6e9afb_1-2-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_kid_separated_from_a_group_that_is_ignoring_them_be002939-7838-45f3-8b6d-e8454b6e9afb_1-2-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_kid_separated_from_a_group_that_is_ignoring_them_be002939-7838-45f3-8b6d-e8454b6e9afb_1-2.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dfe6de elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5dfe6de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f5c441 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f5c441\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Microagresiunile <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(Nadal et al., 2017)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoanele din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie incon&#537;tiente &#537;i dificil de identificat din cauza caracterului lor ambiguu.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Microagresiunile legate de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Identitatea de gen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este percep&#539;ia personal&#259; interioar&#259; a propriei identit&#259;&#539;i, legat&#259; de defini&#539;iile sociale &#537;i culturale ale genului. Identitatea de gen a unei persoane poate fi congruent&#259; cu sexul atribuit la na&#537;tere (cisgender) sau poate diferi de acesta &icirc;n diverse moduri.&nbsp; Pentru majoritatea persoanelor, identitatea de gen este congruent&#259; cu sexul atribuit; pentru persoanele trans, nonbinare &#537;i alte persoane cu genuri diverse, identitatea de gen difer&#259; &icirc;n mai multe grade de sexul atribuit la na&#537;tere (APA, 2015).&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/gender-identity\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">identitatea de gen<\/a> (Nadal, 2018): tip specific de microagresiune legat&#259; de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Identitatea de gen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este percep&#539;ia personal&#259; interioar&#259; a propriei identit&#259;&#539;i, legat&#259; de defini&#539;iile sociale &#537;i culturale ale genului. Identitatea de gen a unei persoane poate fi congruent&#259; cu sexul atribuit la na&#537;tere (cisgender) sau poate diferi de acesta &icirc;n diverse moduri.&nbsp; Pentru majoritatea persoanelor, identitatea de gen este congruent&#259; cu sexul atribuit; pentru persoanele trans, nonbinare &#537;i alte persoane cu genuri diverse, identitatea de gen difer&#259; &icirc;n mai multe grade de sexul atribuit la na&#537;tere (APA, 2015).&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/gender-identity\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">identitatea de gen<\/a>. De exemplu: negarea identit&#259;&#539;ii de gen, utilizarea gre&#537;it&#259; a pronumelor, invadarea intimit&#259;&#539;ii corporale, disconfort comportamental sau negarea transfobiei sociale.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microagresiuni&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru familii) sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoane din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, LGBTQ+. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie incon&#537;tiente &#537;i dificil de identificat din cauza caracterului lor ambiguu.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru educatori) sunt comportamente care comunic&#259; subtil sau indirect un mesaj depreciativ &#537;i\/sau ostil &#537;i care fac ca persoanele LGBTQ+ s&#259; se simt&#259; inconfortabil sau jignite. De exemplu, aceste agresiuni includ gesturi, &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri invazive, stereotipuri &#537;i altele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microagresiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Microagresiuni<\/a> de orientare sexual&#259; (Nadal, 2018): tip specific de microagresiune legat&#259; de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Orientarea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la un model durabil de atrac&#539;ii emo&#539;ionale, romantice &#537;i\/sau sexuale fa&#539;&#259; de b&#259;rba&#539;i, femei sau fa&#539;&#259; de ambele sexe.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-orientation\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">orientarea sexual&#259;<\/a>. De exemplu: utilizarea terminologiei heterosexiste, aprobarea culturii &#537;i comportamentelor heteronormative sau conforme cu <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Genul&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o construc&#539;ie social&#259; &#537;i cultural&#259;, care distinge diferen&#539;ele dintre atributele b&#259;rba&#539;ilor &#537;i femeilor, fetelor &#537;i b&#259;ie&#539;ilor &#537;i, &icirc;n consecin&#539;&#259;, se refer&#259; la rolurile &#537;i responsabilit&#259;&#539;ile b&#259;rba&#539;ilor &#537;i femeilor.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">genul<\/a>, disconfort\/dezaprobarea experien&#539;elor LGBTQ &#537;i ale altor sexualit&#259;&#539;i (cum ar fi: pansexual, asexual, demisexual&hellip;), negarea realit&#259;&#539;ii heterosexismului, (5) asumarea patologiei sau a devia&#539;iei sexuale etc.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microagresiuni&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru familii) sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoane din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, LGBTQ+. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie incon&#537;tiente &#537;i dificil de identificat din cauza caracterului lor ambiguu.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru educatori) sunt comportamente care comunic&#259; subtil sau indirect un mesaj depreciativ &#537;i\/sau ostil &#537;i care fac ca persoanele LGBTQ+ s&#259; se simt&#259; inconfortabil sau jignite. De exemplu, aceste agresiuni includ gesturi, &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri invazive, stereotipuri &#537;i altele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microagresiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Microagresiuni<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(Sue et al., 2017): sunt considerate inten&#539;ionate; inten&#539;ioneaz&#259; s&#259; fac&#259; r&#259;u prin insulte, comportamente de evitare sau ac&#539;iuni deliberat discriminatorii.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microinsulte&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;sunt verbaliz&#259;ri care transmit lips&#259; de curtoazie &#537;i insensibilitate &#537;i care denigreaz&#259; identitatea unei persoane. De&#537;i adesea neinten&#539;ionate, microacuz&#259;rile pot jigni sau ridiculiza destinatarul.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microinsults\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Microinsulte<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(Sue et al., 2017): sunt verbaliz&#259;ri care transmit lips&#259; de curtoazie &#537;i insensibilitate &#537;i care denigreaz&#259; identitatea unei persoane. De&#537;i adesea neinten&#539;ionate, microacuz&#259;rile pot jigni sau ridiculiza destinatarul.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microinvalid&#259;ri&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;sunt comunic&#259;ri care neag&#259; sau anuleaz&#259; g&acirc;ndurile, sentimentele sau realitatea experien&#539;ial&#259; a persoanelor LGBTQ+.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microinvalidations\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Microinvalid&#259;ri<\/a> <\/b><span>(Sue et al., 2017): sunt comunic&#259;ri care neag&#259; sau anuleaz&#259; g&acirc;ndurile, sentimentele sau realitatea experien&#539;ial&#259; a persoanelor <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ba947b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ba947b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>11.1. INTRODUCERE<\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;n prezent, nu este at&acirc;t de obi&#537;nuit ca majoritatea oamenilor s&#259; fac&#259; acte con&#537;tiente, ostile &#537;i discriminatorii fa&#539;&#259; de comunitatea <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>. Mul&#539;i oameni cred c&#259; nu au prejudec&#259;&#539;i fa&#539;&#259; de acest grup sau c&#259; au atitudini\/comportamente discriminatorii. Cu toate acestea, diferite studii arat&#259; c&#259; o mul&#539;ime de oameni ac&#539;ioneaz&#259; pe baza prejudec&#259;&#539;ilor implicite (incon&#537;tiente &#537;i necunoscute), care afecteaz&#259; modul &icirc;n care percep &#537;i se rela&#539;ioneaz&#259; cu ceilal&#539;i (Greenwald et al., 2019).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Din cauza naturii adesea involuntare &#537;i ambigue a microagresiunilor, at&acirc;t cei care le comit, c&acirc;t &#537;i cei care sunt martori la ele pot avea tendin&#539;a de a nega sau de a minimiza daunele pe care le provoac&#259;. De fapt, atunci c&acirc;nd aceste atitudini sunt semnalate\/&icirc;ntrebate, agresorii &icirc;ncearc&#259; adesea s&#259; &icirc;&#537;i justifice comentariile &#537;i\/sau ac&#539;iunile ca fiind o glum&#259; sau o ne&icirc;n&#539;elegere, c&acirc;nd acestea constituie forme subtile de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Discriminare&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit&#259; ca fiind tratamentul inegal &#537;i nefavorabil al unui subiect sau al unui grup ca urmare a unei prejudec&#259;&#539;i. Nu este vorba doar de judec&#259;&#539;i sau de sentimente nefavorabile, ci &#537;i de acte de intoleran&#539;&#259; care constau &icirc;n respingerea &#537;i\/sau excluderea persoanelor &icirc;mpotriva c&#259;rora se au prejudec&#259;&#539;i.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/discrimination\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">discriminare<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Acest tip de agresiune &#537;i perpetuarea ei &icirc;n timp contribuie la deteriorarea s&#259;n&#259;t&#259;&#539;ii mintale a grupului &#537;i a indivizilor c&#259;tre care este &icirc;ndreptat&#259;. De exemplu, microagresiunile heterosexiste au fost asociate cu o acceptare de sine mai sc&#259;zut&#259; &#537;i o mai mare suferin&#539;&#259; psihologic&#259;, precum &#537;i cu simptome de stres posttraumatic (Woodford, Kulic, Sinco &#537;i Hong, 2014). &Icirc;n plus, microagresiunile &icirc;ndreptate c&#259;tre minorit&#259;&#539;ile de gen (Robinson, 2014) (<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microagresiuni&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru familii) sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoane din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, LGBTQ+. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie incon&#537;tiente &#537;i dificil de identificat din cauza caracterului lor ambiguu.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru educatori) sunt comportamente care comunic&#259; subtil sau indirect un mesaj depreciativ &#537;i\/sau ostil &#537;i care fac ca persoanele LGBTQ+ s&#259; se simt&#259; inconfortabil sau jignite. De exemplu, aceste agresiuni includ gesturi, &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri invazive, stereotipuri &#537;i altele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microagresiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">microagresiuni<\/a> <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;o persoan&#259; a c&#259;rei identitate de gen corespunde cu sexul care i-a fost atribuit la na&#537;tere, descrie persoanele care nu sunt transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a>) au fost legate de suferin&#539;a emo&#539;ional&#259; &#537;i de &icirc;ntreruperea prieteniilor (Galupo, Henise, &amp; Davis, 2014).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Conform datelor din Sondajul privind LGBTQ+I al Agen&#539;iei pentru Drepturi Fundamentale a Uniunii Europene publicat &icirc;n 2020 (Agen&#539;ia pentru Drepturi Fundamentale a Uniunii Europene, 2020), 65 % dintre elevii din UE au fost martori sau au auzit comentarii sau comportamente negative pentru c&#259; o alt&#259; persoan&#259; din clas&#259; era perceput&#259; ca fiind <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> (cu procente diferite &icirc;n func&#539;ie de &#539;ar&#259;). &Icirc;n mai multe &#539;&#259;ri, p&acirc;n&#259; la unul din cinci elevi <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> a luat &icirc;n considerare posibilitatea de a abandona &#537;coala sau de a-&#537;i schimba &#537;coala din acest motiv.&nbsp; Alte studii indic&#259; faptul c&#259; elevii <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> sufer&#259; mai mult de h&#259;r&#539;uire &#537;i victimizare, ceea ce poate cauza un nivel mai sc&#259;zut al stimei de sine, o performan&#539;&#259; academic&#259; mai slab&#259;, precum &#537;i un sentiment de excludere\/deconectare fa&#539;&#259; de comunitatea educa&#539;ional&#259; &#537;i colegii lor. <\/span><\/p><h3>11.2. DEZVOLTAREA SUBIECTULUI<\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Copil&#259;ria &#537;i adolescen&#539;a <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> se simt mai &icirc;n siguran&#539;&#259;, cu un sentiment mai mare de bun&#259;stare, precum &#537;i o performan&#539;&#259; academic&#259; mai bun&#259; dac&#259; se afl&#259; &icirc;n medii familiale &#537;i comunit&#259;&#539;i educa&#539;ionale care &icirc;i sus&#539;in pe cei care sufer&#259; acest tip de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microagresiuni&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru familii) sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoane din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, LGBTQ+. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie incon&#537;tiente &#537;i dificil de identificat din cauza caracterului lor ambiguu.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru educatori) sunt comportamente care comunic&#259; subtil sau indirect un mesaj depreciativ &#537;i\/sau ostil &#537;i care fac ca persoanele LGBTQ+ s&#259; se simt&#259; inconfortabil sau jignite. De exemplu, aceste agresiuni includ gesturi, &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri invazive, stereotipuri &#537;i altele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microagresiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">microagresiuni<\/a>, care nu le minimalizeaz&#259; &#537;i intervin atunci c&acirc;nd acestea au loc (Bryan, 2018).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Din acest motiv<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">este esen&#539;ial ca profesorii care lucreaz&#259; cu copii &#537;i adolescen&#539;i s&#259; ofere un spa&#539;iu sigur, incluziv &#537;i pozitiv pentru oricine, indiferent de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Orientarea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la un model durabil de atrac&#539;ii emo&#539;ionale, romantice &#537;i\/sau sexuale fa&#539;&#259; de b&#259;rba&#539;i, femei sau fa&#539;&#259; de ambele sexe.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-orientation\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">orientarea sexual&#259;<\/a> &#537;i\/sau identitatea\/<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Expresia de gen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este expresia social&#259; a identit&#259;&#539;ii de gen a unui individ, inclusiv utilizarea numelui, a pronumelor, a &icirc;mbr&#259;c&#259;mintei, a tunsorii, a comportamentului, a vocii sau a caracteristicilor corporale.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/gender-expression\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">expresia de gen<\/a> &#537;i diversitatea caracteristicilor sexuale (cum ar fi persoanele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Intersex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este un termen generic folosit pentru a descrie o gam&#259; larg&#259; de varia&#539;ii naturale ale corpului.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/intersex\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intersex<\/a>, termen care cuprinde toate persoanele care s-au n&#259;scut cu organe reproductive sau sexuale care nu sunt conforme cu ceea ce este considerat &icirc;n mod tradi&#539;ional &ldquo;b&#259;rbat&rdquo; sau &ldquo;femeie&rdquo;).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prin urmare, este important s&#259; &icirc;nv&#259;&#539;&#259;m cum s&#259; distingem ce sunt microagresiunile &#537;i care sunt caracteristicile lor. &Icirc;n acest fel, putem rupe t&#259;cerea care exist&#259; &icirc;n jurul lor &#537;i interpret&#259;rile ambigue care pot ap&#259;rea &#537;i care provoac&#259; at&acirc;t de multe daune copiilor &#537;i adolescen&#539;ilor no&#537;tri. Exist&#259; dou&#259; tipuri generale de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microagresiuni&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru familii) sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoane din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, LGBTQ+. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie incon&#537;tiente &#537;i dificil de identificat din cauza caracterului lor ambiguu.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru educatori) sunt comportamente care comunic&#259; subtil sau indirect un mesaj depreciativ &#537;i\/sau ostil &#537;i care fac ca persoanele LGBTQ+ s&#259; se simt&#259; inconfortabil sau jignite. De exemplu, aceste agresiuni includ gesturi, &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri invazive, stereotipuri &#537;i altele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microagresiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">microagresiuni<\/a>. <\/span><\/p><h4>11.2<strong>.1. <b>Tipuri de microagresiuni<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pe de o parte, exist&#259; cele bazate pe <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Orientarea sexual&#259;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la un model durabil de atrac&#539;ii emo&#539;ionale, romantice &#537;i\/sau sexuale fa&#539;&#259; de b&#259;rba&#539;i, femei sau fa&#539;&#259; de ambele sexe.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sexual-orientation\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">orientarea sexual&#259;<\/a> (Nadal, Rivera, &amp; Corpus, 2010) &#537;i care cuprind diferite aspecte, cum ar fi:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Folosirea <\/span><b>terminologiei heterosexiste<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, de exemplu, a face glume\/comentarii despre persoanele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> &icirc;n prezen&#539;a acestora, f&#259;r&#259; a &#539;ine cont de identitatea\/orientarea acestora. De asemenea, se &icirc;nt&acirc;mpl&#259; atunci c&acirc;nd cineva folose&#537;te un limbaj heterosexist sau transfobic denigrator la adresa sau despre persoanele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>, cum ar fi &ldquo;E at&acirc;t de gay&rdquo;, &ldquo;No homo&rdquo;, &ldquo;trans&rdquo;, &ldquo;she-male&rdquo;, &ldquo;faggot&rdquo; sau al&#539;i termeni depreciativi &icirc;n prezen&#539;a altora.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Aprobarea culturii &#537;i a comportamentelor heteronormative <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">sau conforme cu <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Genul&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o construc&#539;ie social&#259; &#537;i cultural&#259;, care distinge diferen&#539;ele dintre atributele b&#259;rba&#539;ilor &#537;i femeilor, fetelor &#537;i b&#259;ie&#539;ilor &#537;i, &icirc;n consecin&#539;&#259;, se refer&#259; la rolurile &#537;i responsabilit&#259;&#539;ile b&#259;rba&#539;ilor &#537;i femeilor.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">genul<\/a>. Aceste tipuri de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microagresiuni&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru familii) sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoane din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, LGBTQ+. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie incon&#537;tiente &#537;i dificil de identificat din cauza caracterului lor ambiguu.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru educatori) sunt comportamente care comunic&#259; subtil sau indirect un mesaj depreciativ &#537;i\/sau ostil &#537;i care fac ca persoanele LGBTQ+ s&#259; se simt&#259; inconfortabil sau jignite. De exemplu, aceste agresiuni includ gesturi, &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri invazive, stereotipuri &#537;i altele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microagresiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">microagresiuni<\/a> au loc atunci c&acirc;nd se presupune c&#259; o persoan&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> este heterosexual&#259; sau c&acirc;nd este &icirc;ncurajat&#259; s&#259; se comporte &icirc;n moduri conforme cu <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Genul&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o construc&#539;ie social&#259; &#537;i cultural&#259;, care distinge diferen&#539;ele dintre atributele b&#259;rba&#539;ilor &#537;i femeilor, fetelor &#537;i b&#259;ie&#539;ilor &#537;i, &icirc;n consecin&#539;&#259;, se refer&#259; la rolurile &#537;i responsabilit&#259;&#539;ile b&#259;rba&#539;ilor &#537;i femeilor.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">genul<\/a>. Atunci c&acirc;nd tinerilor li se spune c&#259; nu ar trebui s&#259; fie at&acirc;t de extravagan&#539;i sau c&#259; ar trebui s&#259; se comporte &ldquo;mai masculin&rdquo; sau, &icirc;n cazul fetelor, &ldquo;mai feminin&rdquo;. Mul&#539;i tineri adul&#539;i sunt &icirc;ntreba&#539;i &ldquo;dac&#259; au deja o prieten&#259;\/un iubit&rdquo;, poate c&#259; nu realizeaz&#259; c&#259;, &icirc;n esen&#539;&#259;, le spun celor pe care &icirc;i &icirc;ntreab&#259; c&#259; se a&#537;teapt&#259; ca ei s&#259; fie heterosexuali. Persoanele heterosexuale nu &icirc;&#537;i dau seama c&#259; este s-au obi&#537;nuit sa presupun&#259; heterosexualitatea persoanelor p&acirc;n&#259; la proba contrarie.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Disconfort\/dezaprobare a experien&#539;elor <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#537;i a altor sexualit&#259;&#539;i. Aceste tipuri de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microagresiuni&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru familii) sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoane din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, LGBTQ+. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie incon&#537;tiente &#537;i dificil de identificat din cauza caracterului lor ambiguu.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru educatori) sunt comportamente care comunic&#259; subtil sau indirect un mesaj depreciativ &#537;i\/sau ostil &#537;i care fac ca persoanele LGBTQ+ s&#259; se simt&#259; inconfortabil sau jignite. De exemplu, aceste agresiuni includ gesturi, &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri invazive, stereotipuri &#537;i altele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microagresiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">microagresiuni<\/a> includ cazuri &icirc;n care persoanele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> sunt tratate cu st&acirc;ng&#259;cie, condamnare sau ambele. Exemple de astfel de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microagresiuni&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru familii) sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoane din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, LGBTQ+. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie incon&#537;tiente &#537;i dificil de identificat din cauza caracterului lor ambiguu.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru educatori) sunt comportamente care comunic&#259; subtil sau indirect un mesaj depreciativ &#537;i\/sau ostil &#537;i care fac ca persoanele LGBTQ+ s&#259; se simt&#259; inconfortabil sau jignite. De exemplu, aceste agresiuni includ gesturi, &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri invazive, stereotipuri &#537;i altele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microagresiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">microagresiuni<\/a> sunt, de exemplu, atunci c&acirc;nd un cuplu format din persoane de acela&#537;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a>\/gen este privit cu dezgust de str&#259;ini doar pentru c&#259; se &#539;ine de m&acirc;n&#259; &icirc;n public. Fiind parte din <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Discriminare&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;poate fi definit&#259; ca fiind tratamentul inegal &#537;i nefavorabil al unui subiect sau al unui grup ca urmare a unei prejudec&#259;&#539;i. Nu este vorba doar de judec&#259;&#539;i sau de sentimente nefavorabile, ci &#537;i de acte de intoleran&#539;&#259; care constau &icirc;n respingerea &#537;i\/sau excluderea persoanelor &icirc;mpotriva c&#259;rora se au prejudec&#259;&#539;i.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/discrimination\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">discriminare<\/a> &#537;i h&#259;r&#539;uire aceste tipuri de comportamente pot include comentarii precum c&#259; un anumit tip de comportament (din partea persoanelor grupului <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>) sunt &ldquo;o abomina&#539;ie&rdquo; sau c&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Identitatea de gen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este percep&#539;ia personal&#259; interioar&#259; a propriei identit&#259;&#539;i, legat&#259; de defini&#539;iile sociale &#537;i culturale ale genului. Identitatea de gen a unei persoane poate fi congruent&#259; cu sexul atribuit la na&#537;tere (cisgender) sau poate diferi de acesta &icirc;n diverse moduri.&nbsp; Pentru majoritatea persoanelor, identitatea de gen este congruent&#259; cu sexul atribuit; pentru persoanele trans, nonbinare &#537;i alte persoane cu genuri diverse, identitatea de gen difer&#259; &icirc;n mai multe grade de sexul atribuit la na&#537;tere (APA, 2015).&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/gender-identity\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">identitatea de gen<\/a> a unei persoane transgender este &ldquo;nenatural&#259;&rdquo;. De exemplu, atunci c&acirc;nd cineva face grimase atunci c&acirc;nd un cuplu non-normativ este afectuos &icirc;n public.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Negarea realit&#259;&#539;ii heterosexismului<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, acest tip de microagresiune apare atunci c&acirc;nd o persoan&#259; heterosexual&#259; sau <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;o persoan&#259; a c&#259;rei identitate de gen corespunde cu sexul care i-a fost atribuit la na&#537;tere, descrie persoanele care nu sunt transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a> sus&#539;ine c&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Homofobia&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este orice atitudine negativ&#259; care poate duce la respingerea direct&#259; sau indirect&#259; &#537;i la discriminarea persoanelor lesbiene, gay sau bisexuale, a persoanelor cu orice alt&#259; orientare sexual&#259; sau a oric&#259;rei persoane al c&#259;ror aspect sau comportament nu este conform cu stereotipurile asociate cu sexul atribuit la na&#537;tere.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/homophobia\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">homofobia<\/a> nu exist&#259;. De exemplu, spun&acirc;ndu-i unei persoane <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> c&#259; exagereaz&#259; atunci c&acirc;nd este confruntat&#259; cu o atitudine heterosexist&#259;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Presupunerea unei <\/span><b>patologii sau <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a unei<\/span><b> devia&#539;ii sexuale. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aceste <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microagresiuni&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru familii) sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoane din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, LGBTQ+. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie incon&#537;tiente &#537;i dificil de identificat din cauza caracterului lor ambiguu.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru educatori) sunt comportamente care comunic&#259; subtil sau indirect un mesaj depreciativ &#537;i\/sau ostil &#537;i care fac ca persoanele LGBTQ+ s&#259; se simt&#259; inconfortabil sau jignite. De exemplu, aceste agresiuni includ gesturi, &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri invazive, stereotipuri &#537;i altele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microagresiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">microagresiuni<\/a> apar atunci c&acirc;nd persoanele heterosexuale consider&#259; c&#259; persoanele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> sunt deviante sexuale sau excesiv de sexuale. Un exemplu la nivel sistemic este interdic&#539;ia federal&#259; ca orice b&#259;rbat care a avut rela&#539;ii sexuale cu un alt b&#259;rbat s&#259; doneze s&acirc;nge. Astfel, chiar dac&#259; un b&#259;rbat este <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;virusul imunodeficien&#539;ei umane&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a>-negativ &#537;i a avut o rela&#539;ie monogam&#259; toat&#259; via&#539;a, el este considerat a fi la risc &#537;i, prin urmare, un donator neeligibil.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pe de alt&#259; parte, exist&#259; cele bazate pe identitatea\/<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Expresia de gen&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este expresia social&#259; a identit&#259;&#539;ii de gen a unui individ, inclusiv utilizarea numelui, a pronumelor, a &icirc;mbr&#259;c&#259;mintei, a tunsorii, a comportamentului, a vocii sau a caracteristicilor corporale.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/gender-expression\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">expresia de gen<\/a> (Greenwald et al., 2009) &#537;i care includ urm&#259;toarele:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Negarea identit&#259;&#539;ii de gen<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Acest tip de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microagresiuni&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru familii) sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoane din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, LGBTQ+. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie incon&#537;tiente &#537;i dificil de identificat din cauza caracterului lor ambiguu.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru educatori) sunt comportamente care comunic&#259; subtil sau indirect un mesaj depreciativ &#537;i\/sau ostil &#537;i care fac ca persoanele LGBTQ+ s&#259; se simt&#259; inconfortabil sau jignite. De exemplu, aceste agresiuni includ gesturi, &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri invazive, stereotipuri &#537;i altele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microagresiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">microagresiuni<\/a> apare atunci c&acirc;nd o persoan&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;o persoan&#259; a c&#259;rei identitate de gen corespunde cu sexul care i-a fost atribuit la na&#537;tere, descrie persoanele care nu sunt transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a> sus&#539;ine c&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Transfobia&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este frica, ura, necredin&#539;a sau ne&icirc;ncrederea fa&#539;&#259; de persoanele care sunt transsexuale, despre care se crede c&#259; sunt transsexuale sau a c&#259;ror expresie de gen nu este conform&#259; cu rolurile tradi&#539;ionale de gen.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/transphobia\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">transfobia<\/a> nu exist&#259;, de exemplu, atunci c&acirc;nd un membru al familiei &icirc;i spune unei persoane trans c&#259; statutul s&#259;u transsexual este doar o faz&#259;.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Misgendering. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Acest tip de microagresiune const&#259; &icirc;n utilizarea gre&#537;it&#259; a pronumelor, de exemplu, atunci c&acirc;nd profesorul folose&#537;te pronumele gre&#537;it pentru o persoan&#259; transsexual&#259; atunci c&acirc;nd trece lista &icirc;n clas&#259;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Disconfort comportamental<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Aceste <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microagresiuni&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru familii) sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoane din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, LGBTQ+. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie incon&#537;tiente &#537;i dificil de identificat din cauza caracterului lor ambiguu.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru educatori) sunt comportamente care comunic&#259; subtil sau indirect un mesaj depreciativ &#537;i\/sau ostil &#537;i care fac ca persoanele LGBTQ+ s&#259; se simt&#259; inconfortabil sau jignite. De exemplu, aceste agresiuni includ gesturi, &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri invazive, stereotipuri &#537;i altele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microagresiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">microagresiuni<\/a> apar atunci c&acirc;nd cineva nu se simte confortabil al&#259;turi de persoane transgender sau de persoane care nu sunt <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;o persoan&#259; a c&#259;rei identitate de gen corespunde cu sexul care i-a fost atribuit la na&#537;tere, descrie persoanele care nu sunt transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a> &#537;i o arat&#259; prin comportamente subtile, cum ar fi atunci c&acirc;nd cineva nu dore&#537;te s&#259; stea\/&icirc;mp&#259;rt&#259;&#537;easc&#259; spa&#539;iul &icirc;n apropierea unei persoane care este\/se identific&#259; ca fiind non-binare.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>&Icirc;nc&#259;lcarea intimit&#259;&#539;ii corporale. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aceste tipuri de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microagresiuni&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru familii) sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoane din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, LGBTQ+. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie incon&#537;tiente &#537;i dificil de identificat din cauza caracterului lor ambiguu.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru educatori) sunt comportamente care comunic&#259; subtil sau indirect un mesaj depreciativ &#537;i\/sau ostil &#537;i care fac ca persoanele LGBTQ+ s&#259; se simt&#259; inconfortabil sau jignite. De exemplu, aceste agresiuni includ gesturi, &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri invazive, stereotipuri &#537;i altele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microagresiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">microagresiuni<\/a> au loc &icirc;n primul r&acirc;nd fa&#539;&#259; de persoanele transsexuale &#537;i includ interac&#539;iuni &icirc;n care al&#539;ii se simt &icirc;ndrept&#259;&#539;i&#539;i sau confortabili s&#259; obiectifice corpurile lor. De exemplu, cineva &icirc;i &icirc;ntreab&#259; despre organele genitale, pun&acirc;nd o &icirc;ntrebare nepotrivit&#259; &#537;i invaziv&#259; care nu ar fi fost pus&#259; niciodat&#259; fa&#539;&#259; de o persoan&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;o persoan&#259; a c&#259;rei identitate de gen corespunde cu sexul care i-a fost atribuit la na&#537;tere, descrie persoanele care nu sunt transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a> (de exemplu, o persoan&#259; a c&#259;rei identitate de gen corespunde sexului s&#259;u la na&#537;tere). Toate aceste <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microagresiuni&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru familii) sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoane din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, LGBTQ+. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie incon&#537;tiente &#537;i dificil de identificat din cauza caracterului lor ambiguu.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru educatori) sunt comportamente care comunic&#259; subtil sau indirect un mesaj depreciativ &#537;i\/sau ostil &#537;i care fac ca persoanele LGBTQ+ s&#259; se simt&#259; inconfortabil sau jignite. De exemplu, aceste agresiuni includ gesturi, &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri invazive, stereotipuri &#537;i altele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microagresiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">microagresiuni<\/a> au un impact semnificativ asupra vie&#539;ii oamenilor. &Icirc;n timp ce unele dintre aceste experien&#539;e pot p&#259;rea scurte &#537;i inofensive, multe studii au constatat c&#259;, cu c&acirc;t oamenii se confrunt&#259; mai des cu <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microagresiuni&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru familii) sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoane din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, LGBTQ+. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie incon&#537;tiente &#537;i dificil de identificat din cauza caracterului lor ambiguu.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru educatori) sunt comportamente care comunic&#259; subtil sau indirect un mesaj depreciativ &#537;i\/sau ostil &#537;i care fac ca persoanele LGBTQ+ s&#259; se simt&#259; inconfortabil sau jignite. De exemplu, aceste agresiuni includ gesturi, &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri invazive, stereotipuri &#537;i altele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microagresiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">microagresiuni<\/a>, cu at&acirc;t este mai probabil ca ace&#537;tia s&#259; raporteze simptome de depresie, suferin&#539;&#259; psihologic&#259; &#537;i chiar probleme de s&#259;n&#259;tate fizic&#259;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Negarea transfobiei sociale. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Acest tip de microagresiune apare atunci c&acirc;nd o persoan&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;o persoan&#259; a c&#259;rei identitate de gen corespunde cu sexul care i-a fost atribuit la na&#537;tere, descrie persoanele care nu sunt transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a> sus&#539;ine c&#259; nu exist&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Transfobia&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este frica, ura, necredin&#539;a sau ne&icirc;ncrederea fa&#539;&#259; de persoanele care sunt transsexuale, despre care se crede c&#259; sunt transsexuale sau a c&#259;ror expresie de gen nu este conform&#259; cu rolurile tradi&#539;ionale de gen.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/transphobia\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">transfobia<\/a>. De exemplu, spun&acirc;ndu-i unei persoane trans c&#259; se pl&acirc;nge prea mult de reac&#539;iile oamenilor fa&#539;&#259; de identitatea lor de gen.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;n plus, conform lui Nadal (2014), mai exist&#259; un alt tip de microagresiune care poate fi distins de restul:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><b>Presupunerea unei experien&#539;e <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> universale:<\/b><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aceste tipuri de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microagresiuni&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru familii) sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoane din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, LGBTQ+. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie incon&#537;tiente &#537;i dificil de identificat din cauza caracterului lor ambiguu.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru educatori) sunt comportamente care comunic&#259; subtil sau indirect un mesaj depreciativ &#537;i\/sau ostil &#537;i care fac ca persoanele LGBTQ+ s&#259; se simt&#259; inconfortabil sau jignite. De exemplu, aceste agresiuni includ gesturi, &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri invazive, stereotipuri &#537;i altele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microagresiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">microagresiuni<\/a> apar atunci c&acirc;nd persoanele heterosexuale presupun c&#259; toate persoanele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> sunt la fel. De exemplu, uneori, oamenii pot face comentarii despre o persoan&#259; &#537;i pot spune c&#259; nu pare a fi &ldquo;un homosexual tipic&rdquo;, deoarece s-ar putea s&#259; nu corespund&#259; unui <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Stereotip&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;const&#259; &icirc;ntr-un set de convingeri comune cu privire la caracteristicile, atributele personale &#537;i comportamentele pe care le au membrii unui grup.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/stereotype\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">stereotip<\/a>; alteori, oamenii pot presupune c&#259; o persoan&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> pe care o cunosc s-ar &icirc;n&#539;elege automat cu o alt&#259; persoan&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> doar pentru c&#259; ar putea fi atras&#259; de acela&#537;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;se refer&#259; la aspectele medicale privind masculinitatea &#537;i feminitatea.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/sex\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>sex<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Femeile lesbiene au raportat c&#259; oamenii presupun c&#259; toate ar trebui s&#259; fie masculine, &icirc;n timp ce persoanele bisexuale au raportat c&#259; sunt adesea stereotipate ca fiind &ldquo;confuze&rdquo; (Nadal, Issa, et al., 2011).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Multe femei transsexuale au raportat c&#259; au fost arestate &#537;i acuzate pe nedrept c&#259; sunt lucr&#259;toare sexuale (Nadal et al., 2012), demonstr&acirc;nd c&#259; aceste prejudec&#259;&#539;i &#537;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Microagresiuni&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru familii) sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoane din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, LGBTQ+. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie incon&#537;tiente &#537;i dificil de identificat din cauza caracterului lor ambiguu.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item --&amp;gt;(Pentru educatori) sunt comportamente care comunic&#259; subtil sau indirect un mesaj depreciativ &#537;i\/sau ostil &#537;i care fac ca persoanele LGBTQ+ s&#259; se simt&#259; inconfortabil sau jignite. De exemplu, aceste agresiuni includ gesturi, &icirc;ntreb&#259;ri invazive, stereotipuri &#537;i altele.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/microagresiuni\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">microagresiuni<\/a> ar putea avea chiar implica&#539;ii juridice.<\/span><\/p><h3><i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-right\"><\/i> &ndash; 11.3. SITUA&#538;II DE DISCRIMINARE LEGATE DE SUBIECT &ndash; <i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-left\"><\/i><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Imagina&#539;i-v&#259; c&#259; sunte&#539;i &icirc;n clas&#259; &#537;i un elev propune s&#259; organizeze o gal&#259; muzical&#259; pentru s&#259;rb&#259;torirea liceului, iar un alt elev &icirc;i r&#259;spunde cu un comentariu de <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Genul&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;este o construc&#539;ie social&#259; &#537;i cultural&#259;, care distinge diferen&#539;ele dintre atributele b&#259;rba&#539;ilor &#537;i femeilor, fetelor &#537;i b&#259;ie&#539;ilor &#537;i, &icirc;n consecin&#539;&#259;, se refer&#259; la rolurile &#537;i responsabilit&#259;&#539;ile b&#259;rba&#539;ilor &#537;i femeilor.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">genul<\/a> &ldquo;ce gay&rdquo;. De obicei, ignor&#259;m acest tip de comentarii, dar, este important s&#259; subliniem c&#259; este vorba de o microagresiune. &Icirc;n calitate de profesori\/educatori (educatori sociali, lucr&#259;tori &icirc;n domeniul tineretului etc.), trebuie s&#259; subliniem importan&#539;a limbajului &#537;i a ceea ce acesta transmite &#537;i s&#259; punem sub semnul &icirc;ntreb&#259;rii aceste aspecte. De exemplu, s&#259; le propunem elevilor ca nimeni s&#259; nu foloseasc&#259; expresia &ldquo;asta e foarte hetero\/gay&rdquo;. De aici, &icirc;i putem &icirc;ntreba de ce cred ei c&#259; aceste expresii sunt folosite, iar altele nu, ce conota&#539;ii &#537;i implica&#539;ii au &#537;i cum putem s&#259; le reformul&#259;m pentru a fi mai incluzive pentru toat&#259; lumea. Exerci&#539;iile de imagina&#539;ie pot fi utile &icirc;n aceste contexte. Le-a&#539;i putea folosi pentru a-i &icirc;ntreba pe elevi cum s-ar sim&#539;i &icirc;ntr-un anumit context, atunci c&acirc;nd s-a f&#259;cut acel comentariu specific. De exemplu, dac&#259; ar fi o persoan&#259; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> care se ascunde sau o persoan&#259; care &icirc;ncearc&#259; s&#259; &icirc;&#537;i descopere sexualitatea.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Imagina&#539;i-v&#259; c&#259; o elev&#259; transsexual&#259; merge la toaleta fetelor. Ceilal&#539;i elevi care se aflau deja &icirc;n&#259;untru se uit&#259; la ea &#537;i &icirc;ncep s&#259; &#537;u&#537;oteasc&#259; &#537;i s&#259; r&acirc;d&#259;. Ar fi recomandat ca, &icirc;n calitate de profesor, s&#259; aborda&#539;i problema cu ambele p&#259;r&#539;i implicate. &Icirc;n primul r&acirc;nd, este recomandabil s&#259; vorbi&#539;i cu persoana care sufer&#259; agresiunea, &icirc;n acest caz, eleva trans, &#537;i s&#259; o &icirc;ntreba&#539;i dac&#259; are nevoie de ceva &#537;i cum o pute&#539;i sprijini. Apoi, ar fi bine s&#259; &icirc;i oferim elevei trans un spa&#539;iu &icirc;n care s&#259; se simt&#259; liber&#259; s&#259; exprime (sau nu, dac&#259; nu vrea s&#259; vorbeasc&#259; despre asta) ce s-a &icirc;nt&acirc;mplat, cum s-a sim&#539;it, etc. &#536;i s&#259; &icirc;i spunem c&#259; acest tip de comportament nu va fi trecut cu vederea sau permis &#537;i c&#259; au tot sprijinul nostru. Apoi, ar trebui s&#259; vorbi&#539;i cu celelalte persoane implicate &#537;i s&#259; le explica&#539;i de ce comportamentul lor nu a fost adecvat &#537;i ce efecte poate provoca. Aceste tipuri de comportament sunt adesea rezultatul lipsei de cuno&#537;tin&#539;e despre subiect sau al ne&icirc;n&#539;elegerii conceptului. Explic&acirc;ndu-le, le clarifica&#539;i &#537;i, sper&#259;m, ajuta&#539;i la prevenirea lor. &Icirc;n cele din urm&#259;, a&#539;i putea interveni cu &icirc;ntreaga clas&#259; explic&acirc;nd &#537;i normaliz&acirc;nd realitatea persoanelor trans.&nbsp; &Icirc;n plus, dac&#259; problema persist&#259;, am putea instrui &icirc;n mod special unii elevi care ar putea s&#259; se asigure c&#259; acest tip de situa&#539;ie nu se mai repet&#259;.<\/span><\/p><h3>11.4. BUNE PRACTICI<\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8532 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1728\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png 1728w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1536x768.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1728px) 100vw, 1728px\"\/><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;n calitate de educatori, juca&#539;i un rol activ &icirc;n practicile &icirc;mpotriva microagresiunilor. Iat&#259; c&acirc;teva sfaturi care v-ar putea fi utile:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Include&#539;i diversitatea sexual&#259; &icirc;ntr-un mod transversal &icirc;n cadrul orelor de curs. Folosi&#539;i referen&#539;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> (de exemplu, la ora de limb&#259; &#537;i literatur&#259; include&#539;i autori <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;ncerca&#539;i s&#259; folosi&#539;i un limbaj incluziv\/neutru.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;ntreba&#539;i studen&#539;ii la &icirc;nceputul cursului cum doresc s&#259; v&#259; referi&#539;i la ei (folosirea pronumelor masculine, feminine, neutre etc.).&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nu presupune&#539;i heterosexualitatea\/cisgenderismul elevilor atunci c&acirc;nd subiectul este abordat &icirc;n clas&#259;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;ncerca&#539;i s&#259; asigura&#539;i un mediu respectuos &#537;i deschis &#537;i un climat favorabil, astfel &icirc;nc&acirc;t <\/span><b>to&#539;i <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">elevii s&#259; se poat&#259; exprima &#537;i chiar s&#259; &icirc;&#537;i exprime &icirc;ndoielile f&#259;r&#259; teama de respingere sau de invalidare. Profesorul trebuie s&#259; fie preg&#259;tit pentru opinii negative sau chiar violente fa&#539;&#259; de persoanele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>. Este important s&#259; nu intra&#539;i &icirc;n discu&#539;ii cu elevii din clas&#259; (pentru c&#259; &icirc;i poate r&#259;ni pe ceilal&#539;i elevi). Este foarte important ca &icirc;n orice moment s&#259; ar&#259;t&#259;m o atitudine de respect &#537;i acceptare fa&#539;&#259; de diversitatea sexual&#259;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dac&#259; observa&#539;i c&#259; unul dintre elevii dvs. comite o microagresiune, &icirc;ncerca&#539;i s&#259; &icirc;l &icirc;ntreba&#539;i &icirc;n particular care este motivul comportamentului s&#259;u, pune&#539;i-i la &icirc;ndoial&#259; (&icirc;ntotdeauna cu respect &#537;i &icirc;n&#539;elegere) comportamentul &#537;i &icirc;ncerca&#539;i s&#259; &icirc;l face&#539;i s&#259; &icirc;n&#539;eleag&#259; prin &icirc;ntreb&#259;rile dvs. de ce acest comportament poate fi problematic &#537;i\/sau &icirc;i poate r&#259;ni pe ceilal&#539;i.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;ncerca&#539;i s&#259; &icirc;i face&#539;i pe elevi s&#259; con&#537;tientizeze prejudec&#259;&#539;ile &#537;i stereotipurile pe care le-au internalizat pentru a prelua controlul asupra lor. Nu normaliza&#539;i atitudini\/comportamente care pot fi d&#259;un&#259;toare.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Oferi&#539;i acces la informa&#539;ii &#537;i instrumente astfel &icirc;nc&acirc;t, &icirc;n orice moment, elevii s&#259; poat&#259; detecta microagresiunile &#537;i s&#259; aib&#259; capacitatea de a le aborda. &Icirc;n plus, &icirc;n cazul &icirc;n care nu se simt capabili s&#259; fac&#259; fa&#539;&#259; acestor comportamente, v&#259; pot comunica acest lucru, astfel &icirc;nc&acirc;t s&#259; pute&#539;i lucra la acest aspect &icirc;n clas&#259;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Microagresiunile pot lua diverse forme, iat&#259; c&acirc;teva exemple:<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Utilizarea unui limbaj homofob: &ldquo;Faggot (poponar)&rdquo;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lucruri care se doresc a fi complimente, dar care spun c&#259; a fi recunoscut ca persoan&#259; trans este r&#259;u &#537;i c&#259; aspectul este cel mai important: &ldquo;Nu ar&#259;&#539;i ca un transsexual!&rdquo;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">S&#259; v&#259; ag&#259;&#539;a&#539;i de stereotipuri despre cum arat&#259; sau se comport&#259; persoanele homosexuale: &ldquo;Nu este un homosexual tipic.&rdquo;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Presupun&acirc;nd c&#259; toate persoanele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> sunt la fel: &ldquo;Oh, v-a&#539;i &icirc;n&#539;elege at&acirc;t de bine, &#537;i ea e tot cin comunitatea <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>!&rdquo;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&Icirc;nc&#259;lcarea intimit&#259;&#539;ii corporale a persoanelor cu genuri diferite: &ldquo;&#538;i-ai f&#259;cut ACEA opera&#539;ie?&rdquo;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">S&#259; sugerezi c&#259; oamenii sunt r&#259;i (nu sunt suficien&#539;i dac&#259; nu corespund rolurilor stereotipice masculine sau feminine: &ldquo;Ar trebui s&#259; te por&#539;i mai masculin!&rdquo;)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Presarea fetelor s&#259; r&#259;spund&#259; dac&#259; se v&#259;d deja cu b&#259;ie&#539;i, cre&acirc;nd un mediu &icirc;n care se a&#537;teapt&#259; doar heterosexualitate, ceea ce poate crea o presiune pentru a ie&#537;i &icirc;n eviden&#539;&#259; sau teama de aceasta<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #1d2746\">11.5. REFERIN&#538;E<\/span><\/p><p>European Union Agency For Fundamental Rights (Ed.). (2020). EU LGBT survey: European Union lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender survey ; main results. The Publications Office of the European Union<\/p><p>Galupo, M. P., Henise, S. B., &amp; Davis, K. S. (2014). Transgender microaggressions in the context of friendship: Patterns of experience across friends&rsquo; sexual orientation and gender identity. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 1, 461&ndash;470. doi:10.1037\/sgd0000075 Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network. (2013). National School Climate Survey. Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.glsen.org\/nscs\">http:\/\/www.glsen.org\/nscs<\/a><\/p><p>Greenwald, A. G., Poehlman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. L., &amp; Banaji, M. R. (2009). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 17&ndash;41. doi:10.1037\/a0015575<\/p><p>Nadal, K. L. (2018). Measuring LGBTQ microaggressions: The sexual orientation microaggressions scale (SOMS) and the gender identity microaggressions scale (GIMS). Journal of homosexuality.<\/p><p>Nadal, K. L., Erazo, T., Schulman, J., Han, H., Deutsch, T., Ruth, R., &amp; Santacruz, E. (2017). Caught at the intersections: Microaggressions toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Queer&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Adjectiv folosit de unele persoane a c&#259;ror orientare sexual&#259; nu este exclusiv heterosexual&#259;. Acest termen general include persoanele care au identit&#259;&#539;i nonbinare, de gen fluid sau care nu se conformeaz&#259; la gen.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/queer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">queer<\/a> people of color.&nbsp;<em>LGBT psychology and mental health: Emerging research and advances<\/em>, 133-152.<\/p><p>Nadal, K. L., Rivera, D. P., &amp; Corpus, M. J. (2010). Sexual orientation and transgender microaggressions in everyday life: Experiences of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender individuals. In D. W. Sue (Ed.), Microaggressions and marginality: Manifestation, dynamics, and impact (pp. 217&ndash;240). New York, NY: Wiley.<\/p><p>Robinson, J. (2014). Sexual orientation microaggressions and posttraumatic stress symptoms (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (Accession Order No. 1565243)<\/p><p>Sarah E., &amp; Bryan, S. E. (2018). Types of LGBT Microaggressions in Counsellor Education Programs, <em>Journal of LGBT Issues in Counselling, 12<\/em>, 2, 119-135, DOI: 10.1080\/15538605.2018.1455556<\/p><p>Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J. M., Holder, A., Nadal, K. L., &amp; Esquilin, M. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life: implications for clinical practice.&nbsp;<em>American psychologist<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>62<\/em>(4), 271.<\/p><p>Woodford, M. R., Kulick, A., Sinco, B. R., &amp; Hong, J. S. (2014). Contemporary <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Heterosexism&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;ideologie care promoveaz&#259; conven&#539;ionalitatea genului, heterosexualitatea &#537;i familia tradi&#539;ional&#259; ca fiind singurul mod de a fi al oamenilor, discrimin&acirc;nd &#537;i subapreciind toate celelalte orient&#259;ri sexuale.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/heterosexism\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">heterosexism<\/a> on campus and psychological distress among LGBQ students: The mediating role of self-acceptance. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 84, 519&ndash;529. doi:10.1037\/ort0000015<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\/*! elementor &ndash; v3.12.2 &ndash; 23-04-2023 *\/ .elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=&rdquo;.svg&rdquo;]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block} \/*! elementor &ndash; v3.12.2 &ndash; 23-04-2023 *\/ .elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(&ndash;spacer-size)}.e-con{&ndash;container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(&ndash;container-widget-width,var(&ndash;spacer-size));&ndash;align-self:var(&ndash;container-widget-align-self,initial);&ndash;flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container,.e-con-inner&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container&gt;.elementor-spacer,.e-con&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container,.e-con&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container&gt;.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container&gt;.elementor-spacer&gt;.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con&gt;.elementor-widget-spacer&gt;.elementor-widget-container&gt;.elementor-spacer&gt;.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(&ndash;container-widget-height,var(&ndash;spacer-size))} Microagresiunile (Nadal et al., 2017): sunt jigniri subtile, invalid&#259;ri &#537;i insulte care vizeaz&#259; persoanele din cauza apartenen&#539;ei lor reale sau percepute la un grup marginalizat, &icirc;n acest caz, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;Lesbiene, homosexuali, bisexuali, transsexuali, queer &#537;i al&#539;ii&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a>. Microagresiunile, uneori, tind s&#259; fie [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9568,"menu_order":14,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-10128","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","no-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/10128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10128"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/10128\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9568"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=10128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}