{"id":9554,"date":"2023-04-28T18:10:45","date_gmt":"2023-04-28T18:10:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/docs\/5-1-how-to-communicate-educators-students-8913\/"},"modified":"2023-05-31T18:43:59","modified_gmt":"2023-05-31T18:43:59","slug":"5-1-how-to-communicate-educators-students-8913","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/docs\/guide-for-families\/5-communication-8816\/5-1-how-to-communicate-educators-students-8913\/","title":{"rendered":"5.1. JAK KOMUNIKOVAT: RODI\u010c &#8211; D\u00cdT\u011a\/DOSP\u00cdVAJ\u00cdC\u00cd"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9554\" class=\"elementor elementor-9554 elementor-8913\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d7312b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d7312b5\" data-element_type=\"section\"><div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-782d4b4\" data-id=\"782d4b4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc69ccc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cc69ccc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_kid_and_an_educator_talking_cartoon_aesthetic_3f2f3cad-a956-499f-a7d0-2036d0a0d4ca_1-1024x512.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9365\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_kid_and_an_educator_talking_cartoon_aesthetic_3f2f3cad-a956-499f-a7d0-2036d0a0d4ca_1-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_kid_and_an_educator_talking_cartoon_aesthetic_3f2f3cad-a956-499f-a7d0-2036d0a0d4ca_1-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_kid_and_an_educator_talking_cartoon_aesthetic_3f2f3cad-a956-499f-a7d0-2036d0a0d4ca_1-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_kid_and_an_educator_talking_cartoon_aesthetic_3f2f3cad-a956-499f-a7d0-2036d0a0d4ca_1-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_kid_and_an_educator_talking_cartoon_aesthetic_3f2f3cad-a956-499f-a7d0-2036d0a0d4ca_1-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_kid_and_an_educator_talking_cartoon_aesthetic_3f2f3cad-a956-499f-a7d0-2036d0a0d4ca_1.png 1728w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1901bd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1901bd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91b8bc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91b8bc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vytvo&#345;en&iacute; bezpe&#269;n&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;ho prostoru pro experimentov&aacute;n&iacute; s genderovou identitou a s genderov&yacute;m vyj&aacute;d&#345;en&iacute;m m&#367;&#382;e m&iacute;t velk&yacute; vliv na &#382;ivot dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;ch.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vzd&#283;l&aacute;vejte se v oblasti genderov&eacute; rovnosti, genderov&eacute; identity a genderov&eacute;ho vyj&aacute;d&#345;en&iacute;, abyste mohli b&yacute;t sv&yacute;m d&#283;tem k dispozici, kdy&#382; objevuj&iacute;, k&yacute;m jsou, a rostou.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute; vytvo&#345;it prost&#345;ed&iacute;, ve kter&eacute;m mohou va&scaron;e d&#283;ti svobodn&#283; kl&aacute;st ot&aacute;zky t&yacute;kaj&iacute;c&iacute; se <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>, genderov&yacute;ch rol&iacute;\/identity\/vyj&aacute;d&#345;en&iacute;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ka&#382;d&eacute; d&iacute;t&#283; m&aacute; jin&yacute; styl komunikace. &#268;&iacute;m d&#345;&iacute;ve jej identifikujete, t&iacute;m rychleji jim m&#367;&#382;ete b&yacute;t k dispozici a podpo&#345;it je zp&#367;sobem, kter&yacute; je pro n&#283; nejefektivn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d943fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d943fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>5.1.1.<strong> &Uacute;VOD<\/strong><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rovnost <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a> lze vyu&#269;ovat a tak&eacute; j&iacute; dos&aacute;hnout, pokud existuje porozum&#283;n&iacute; genderov&yacute;m a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m identit&aacute;m. Abychom mohli mluvit o rovnosti, je t&#345;eba v&#283;d&#283;t, kter&eacute; skupiny v populaci nemaj&iacute; stejn&aacute; privilegia &#269;i p&#345;&iacute;le&#382;itosti jako jejich vrstevnice a vrstevn&iacute;ci. K tomu m&#367;&#382;e pomoci pochopen&iacute; procesu porozum&#283;n&iacute; nebo objevov&aacute;n&iacute; vlastn&iacute;ho <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a> a genderu, kter&eacute; pak napom&aacute;h&aacute; porozum&#283;n&iacute; r&#367;znorodosti genderov&yacute;ch a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch identit.<\/span><\/p><h3>5.1.2.<strong> ROZVOJ T&Eacute;MATU<\/strong><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vzhledem k tomu, &#382;e &#382;ijeme v heteronormativn&iacute; spole&#269;nosti, je pro d&#283;ti velmi snadn&eacute; b&yacute;t zmaten&eacute; nebo za&#269;&iacute;t m&iacute;t pocit, &#382;e s nimi nen&iacute; n&#283;co v po&#345;&aacute;dku jen proto, &#382;e se nevejdou do bin&aacute;rn&iacute;ch spole&#269;ensk&yacute;ch konstrukt&#367; <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(viz slovn&iacute;&#269;ek &ndash; konstruktivismus)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Tyto bin&aacute;rn&iacute; konstrukty jsou p&#345;&iacute;tomny ve v&scaron;em, co n&aacute;s obklopuje, po&#269;&iacute;naje rodinou a okruhem p&#345;&aacute;tel, soci&aacute;ln&iacute;mi m&eacute;dii, filmy, hrami atd. Z tohoto d&#367;vodu hraj&iacute; rodi&#269;e a vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute; d&#367;le&#382;itou roli pro d&#283;ti a jejich sebeobjevov&aacute;n&iacute;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V rodinn&eacute;m prost&#345;ed&iacute; m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t role rodi&#269;&#367; z&aacute;sadn&iacute; pro dv&#283; hlavn&iacute; t&eacute;mata: otev&#345;enou komunikaci a bezpe&#269;nost. Povzbuzov&aacute;n&iacute; d&#283;t&iacute; k tomu, aby se na v&#283;ci ptaly, vyjad&#345;ovaly je nahlas a st&aacute;ly si za t&iacute;m, &#269;emu v&#283;&#345;&iacute;, v kombinaci s vytv&aacute;&#345;en&iacute;m bezpe&#269;n&eacute;ho prostoru, m&#367;&#382;e hr&aacute;t d&#367;le&#382;itou roli v jejich rozvoji, a to jak na osobn&iacute;, tak na spole&#269;ensk&eacute; &uacute;rovni.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pokud chcete vytvo&#345;it genderov&#283; inkluzivn&iacute; prostor pro ka&#382;d&eacute; d&iacute;t&#283;, m&#367;&#382;e v&aacute;m pomoci n&#283;kolik aspekt&#367;:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vytvo&#345;en&iacute; bezpe&#269;n&eacute;ho prostoru.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vytvo&#345;en&iacute; prost&#345;ed&iacute; p&#345;&aacute;telsk&eacute;ho k chyb&aacute;m.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pos&iacute;len&iacute; d&#367;v&#283;ry d&#283;t&iacute; v jejich vlastn&iacute; schopnosti.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nau&#269;it je otev&#345;en&#283; komunikovat.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h4><strong>5.1.2.1. <b>Sebevzd&#283;l&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prvn&iacute;m a nejd&#367;le&#382;it&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;m krokem, kter&yacute; m&#367;&#382;ete u&#269;init na cest&#283; k pou&#269;en&iacute; sv&yacute;ch d&#283;t&iacute; o rovnosti <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>, je sebevzd&#283;l&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;. Pokud si p&#345;ejete, aby va&scaron;e d&#283;ti zpochyb&#328;ovaly mocensk&eacute; struktury, nerovnosti a nespravedlnost a objevovaly svou identitu, pom&#367;&#382;e jim, kdy&#382; uvid&iacute;, &#382;e to otev&#345;en&#283; d&#283;l&aacute;te tak&eacute;. Jedn&iacute;m z nejlep&scaron;&iacute;ch zp&#367;sob&#367;, jak se vzd&#283;l&aacute;vat v dan&eacute;m t&eacute;matu, bez ohledu na to, zda se jedn&aacute; o genderovou identitu\/sexualitu\/souhlas k sexu\/vztahy atd., je &#269;erpat informace od lid&iacute;, kte&#345;&iacute; t&#283;mito procesy proch&aacute;zej&iacute; nebo maj&iacute; &#382;itou zku&scaron;enost s koncepty, o kter&yacute;ch se chcete dozv&#283;d&#283;t v&iacute;ce. D&aacute;vejte si pozor na zdroje informac&iacute;. U&#269;en&iacute; se p&#345;&iacute;mo od aktivist&#367;, lid&iacute; uvnit&#345; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> komunity, zdroj&#367; vytvo&#345;en&yacute;ch lidmi, kter&yacute;ch se tyto nerovnosti (v tomto p&#345;&iacute;pad&#283; genderov&eacute; nerovnosti) p&#345;&iacute;mo dot&yacute;kaj&iacute;, je zp&#367;sob, jak se ujistit, &#382;e obsah, kter&yacute; konzumujete a &scaron;&iacute;&#345;&iacute;te, je ukotven v realit&#283; (ne pouze v teori&iacute;ch nebo diskurzech od lid&iacute; bez zku&scaron;enost&iacute; a\/nebo lid&iacute;, kter&yacute;ch se to p&#345;&iacute;mo net&yacute;k&aacute;).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P&#345;i v&yacute;zkumu genderov&eacute; nerovnosti (a jak&eacute;hokoliv jin&eacute;ho t&eacute;matu) je d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute; z&iacute;skat r&#367;zn&eacute; pohledy na dan&eacute; t&eacute;ma (pro z&iacute;sk&aacute;n&iacute; ucelen&eacute;ho pohledu). Kdy&#382; nap&#345;&iacute;klad &#269;tete o genderov&eacute; identit&#283;, pokuste se p&#345;e&#269;&iacute;st si o osobn&iacute;ch zku&scaron;enostech a praktik&aacute;ch v r&#367;zn&yacute;ch &#269;&aacute;stech sv&#283;ta, r&#367;zn&yacute;ch n&aacute;bo&#382;enstv&iacute;ch a r&#367;zn&yacute;ch politick&yacute;ch a soci&aacute;ln&iacute;ch prost&#345;ed&iacute;ch, abyste pochopili, jak m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t stejn&aacute; situace vn&iacute;m&aacute;na odli&scaron;n&#283;, jakmile zm&#283;n&iacute;te kulturn&iacute; a\/nebo rasov&yacute; kontext.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V&yacute;zkumy ukazuj&iacute;, &#382;e v&#283;t&scaron;ina d&#283;t&iacute; se sv&yacute;mi rodi&#269;i o sexu a sexualit&#283; otev&#345;en&#283; nemluv&iacute;. Vytvo&#345;en&iacute; atmosf&eacute;ry d&#367;v&#283;ry m&#367;&#382;e tuto situaci zm&#283;nit. Jedn&iacute;m ze zp&#367;sob&#367;, jak toho dos&aacute;hnout, je uk&aacute;zat jim, &#382;e dan&yacute;m t&eacute;mat&#367;m rozum&iacute;te d&iacute;ky sv&eacute;mu samovzd&#283;l&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;.<\/span><\/p><h4><strong>5.1.2.2. <b>Otev&#345;en&aacute; komunikace<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kdy&#382; s d&#283;tmi mluv&iacute;te o rovnosti <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>, sexu a sexualit&#283;, je d&#367;le&#382;itou sou&#269;&aacute;st&iacute; procesu p&#345;izp&#367;soben&iacute; se jejich &uacute;rovni ch&aacute;p&aacute;n&iacute;. Sna&#382;te se p&#345;izp&#367;sobit svou &#345;e&#269; a aktivity v z&aacute;vislosti na jejich v&#283;ku a kulturn&iacute;m z&aacute;zem&iacute;. Z&aacute;rove&#328; jim poskytujte informace, kter&eacute; pot&#345;ebuj&iacute;. Pokud nezn&aacute;te odpov&#283;&#271; na ot&aacute;zku, kterou v&aacute;m polo&#382;&iacute;, zkuste ji spole&#269;n&#283; vyhledat. T&iacute;mto zp&#367;sobem m&#367;&#382;ete d&#283;ti tak&eacute; nau&#269;it, jak si vyb&iacute;rat d&#367;v&#283;ryhodn&eacute; zdroje informac&iacute;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sna&#382;te se m&iacute;t na pam&#283;ti, &#382;e rozhovor o genderu a sexu nen&iacute; sexualizac&iacute; d&#283;t&iacute;. Ne&#382; za&#269;nete s d&#283;tmi o t&#283;chto t&eacute;matech mluvit, zkuste zapracovat na sv&yacute;ch osobn&iacute;ch hranic&iacute;ch, spou&scaron;t&#283;&#269;&iacute;ch a p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;en&iacute;ch, abyste je neprom&iacute;tali do d&#283;t&iacute; sd&iacute;len&iacute;m my&scaron;lenek a pocit&#367; spojen&yacute;ch s pocitem sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; viny.<\/span><\/p><h4><strong>5.1.2.3. <b>Utv&aacute;&#345;en&iacute; bezpe&#269;n&eacute;ho prostoru<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dos&aacute;hnout prostoru, kter&yacute; je 100% bezpe&#269;n&yacute;, se m&#367;&#382;e zd&aacute;t velmi n&aacute;ro&#269;n&eacute;. P&#345;esto m&#367;&#382;eme vytvo&#345;it bezpe&#269;n&yacute; prostor, kde se ka&#382;d&yacute; m&#367;&#382;e c&iacute;tit, &#382;e se m&#367;&#382;e vyj&aacute;d&#345;it a sd&iacute;let sv&eacute; my&scaron;lenky, p&#345;&aacute;n&iacute; a pot&#345;eby beze strachu z odsouzen&iacute;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V procesu vytv&aacute;&#345;en&iacute; bezpe&#269;n&eacute;ho prostoru:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sna&#382;te se uv&#283;domit si privilegia a mocensk&eacute; struktury.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Berte v &uacute;vahu prost&#345;ed&iacute;, ve kter&eacute;m se d&#283;ti nach&aacute;zej&iacute;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vytv&aacute;&#345;ejte pro n&#283; p&#345;&iacute;le&#382;itosti k &uacute;&#269;asti na v&yacute;m&#283;n&#283; znalost&iacute;. Vyu&#382;&iacute;vejte hry\/knihy\/aktivity, kter&eacute; jim poskytnou n&aacute;stroje k jedn&aacute;n&iacute;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu&#271;te empati&#269;t&iacute; a aktivn&#283; naslouchejte tomu, co maj&iacute; na srdci.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dejte ka&#382;d&eacute;mu pot&#345;ebn&yacute; prostor a &#269;as. N&#283;kter&yacute;m d&#283;tem trv&aacute; d&eacute;le, ne&#382; se c&iacute;t&iacute; dostate&#269;n&#283; pohodln&#283;, aby se mohly aktivn&#283; zapojit do diskuze.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uzn&aacute;vejte a oce&#328;ujte p&#345;&iacute;nos ka&#382;d&eacute;ho ve skupin&#283;.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vytvo&#345;en&iacute; bezpe&#269;n&eacute;ho prostoru p&#345;&iacute;mo souvis&iacute; s <\/span><b>&#345;e&scaron;en&iacute;m konflikt&#367;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Kdy&#382; dojde ke konfliktu, pamatujte, &#382;e konflikty jsou vyvol&aacute;ny emocemi. Pokud n&#283;kdo poci&#357;uje siln&eacute; emoce, poskytn&#283;te mu prostor, aby se s t&#283;mito emocemi vypo&#345;&aacute;dal, a mo&#382;n&aacute; mu b&#283;hem tohoto procesu nab&iacute;dn&#283;te svou podporu. Pokuste se situaci deeskalovat nalezen&iacute;m spole&#269;n&eacute; vize a &#345;e&scaron;en&iacute; probl&eacute;mu. Bu&#271;te p&#345;ipraveni p&#345;evz&iacute;t roli prost&#345;edn&iacute;ka. Jako rodi&#269; se p&#345;i &#345;e&scaron;en&iacute; konfliktu sna&#382;te m&iacute;t na pam&#283;ti, &#382;e konflikt m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t jak vnit&#345;n&iacute; (vnit&#345;n&iacute; konflikt jedince), tak interperson&aacute;ln&iacute; (mezi 2 a v&iacute;ce lidmi\/stranami).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute; nejprve uznat emoce doty&#269;n&yacute;ch d&#283;t&iacute; a d&aacute;t jim najevo, &#382;e se sna&#382;&iacute;te pochopit jejich pohled na v&#283;c. Pot&eacute; se m&#367;&#382;ete pokusit pomoci d&#283;tem zmapovat jejich pot&#345;eby a p&#345;esunout jejich pozornost z emocion&aacute;ln&iacute; na racion&aacute;ln&iacute;\/logickou str&aacute;nku.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Povzbuzujte je, aby otev&#345;en&#283; vyj&aacute;d&#345;ily, co c&iacute;t&iacute; a co pot&#345;ebuj&iacute;. Jd&#283;te p&#345;&iacute;kladem a vyjad&#345;ujte sv&eacute; vlastn&iacute; pocity a pot&#345;eby.<\/span><\/p><h4><strong>5.1.2.4. <b>Prost&#345;ed&iacute;, kde je dovoleno chybovat<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D&#283;ti a dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; se &#269;asto boj&iacute; d&#283;lat chyby a b&yacute;t za n&#283; souzeni. Vytvo&#345;en&iacute;m prost&#345;ed&iacute;, kde je dovoleno chybovat, je dobr&yacute;m p&#345;&iacute;stupem, kter&yacute; podporuje kladen&iacute; ot&aacute;zek a u&#269;en&iacute;. Neexistuj&iacute; &#382;&aacute;dn&eacute; spr&aacute;vn&eacute; nebo &scaron;patn&eacute; odpov&#283;di a ka&#382;d&yacute; je v&iacute;t&aacute;n, aby p&#345;isp&#283;l do diskuze. Chcete-li takov&eacute; prost&#345;ed&iacute; vytvo&#345;it, povzbuzujte d&#283;ti k tomu, aby se ptaly, diskutovaly a vym&#283;&#328;ovaly si n&aacute;zory. T&iacute;mto zp&#367;sobem budou c&iacute;tit podporu, aby se d&#283;lily o dal&scaron;&iacute; a dal&scaron;&iacute; poznatky. P&#345;enesete tak pozornost sp&iacute;&scaron;e na samotn&eacute; znalosti ne&#382; na osobu, kter&aacute; je sd&iacute;l&iacute;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N&#283;kter&eacute; v&#283;c&iacute;, kter&eacute; v&aacute;m mohou pomoci takov&eacute; prost&#345;ed&iacute; vytvo&#345;it, jsou n&aacute;sleduj&iacute;c&iacute;:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Povzbuzujte d&#283;ti, aby nep&#345;eru&scaron;ovaly, kdy&#382; mluv&iacute; n&#283;kdo druh&yacute; (pat&#345;&iacute; sem i slovn&iacute; reakce souhlasu\/nesouhlasu).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Podporujte pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; &#345;e&#269;i t&#283;la, pokud se n&#283;komu l&iacute;b&iacute; n&#283;jak&yacute; n&aacute;pad. Nap&#345;&iacute;klad pot&#345;esen&iacute; dlan&#283;mi znamen&aacute; souhlas\/podporu n&aacute;padu.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kdy&#382; n&#283;kdo ud&#283;l&aacute; chybu, povzbu&#271;te ho, aby se omluvil a pou&#269;il se z n&iacute;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; trest&#367; jako &#345;e&scaron;en&iacute; nem&aacute; na proces u&#269;en&iacute; d&#283;t&iacute; pozitivn&iacute; vliv. Co m&#367;&#382;ete ud&#283;lat m&iacute;sto toho, je zam&#283;&#345;it se sp&iacute;&scaron;e na budouc&iacute; &#269;iny ne&#382; na okam&#382;ik, kdy byla chyba ud&#283;l&aacute;na.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P&#345;ipom&iacute;nejte d&#283;tem, &#382;e v&scaron;ichni jsme lid&eacute; a &#382;e se nevyhnuteln&#283; dopou&scaron;t&iacute;me chyb, a d&iacute;ky nim se u&#269;&iacute;me. Je d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute;, abychom se z chyb pou&#269;ili, ne&#382; abychom se v nich zasekli.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h4><strong>5.1.2.5. <b>Komunikace &ndash; Jazyky l&aacute;sky<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ka&#382;d&yacute; &#269;lov&#283;k m&aacute; jin&yacute; zp&#367;sob vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute; a pro&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; vd&#283;&#269;nosti, l&aacute;sky a uzn&aacute;n&iacute;. &#268;&iacute;m d&#345;&iacute;ve pozn&aacute;te ten sv&#367;j a sv&eacute;ho d&iacute;t&#283;te, t&iacute;m snadn&#283;ji m&#367;&#382;ete pracovat na zlep&scaron;en&iacute; va&scaron;&iacute; komunikace. Maj&iacute;ce z&aacute;klady v psychologii, je definov&aacute;no 5 r&#367;zn&yacute;ch jazyk&#367; l&aacute;sky, kter&eacute; lid&eacute; pou&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; k vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;\/p&#345;ij&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; l&aacute;sky a uzn&aacute;n&iacute;. Jsou jimi slova uji&scaron;t&#283;n&iacute;, pozornost, fyzick&yacute; dotek, skutky slu&#382;by a d&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;\/p&#345;ij&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; d&aacute;rk&#367; (Chapman &amp; Campbell, 2008).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tyto jazyky mohou b&yacute;t ukazatelem toho, jak va&scaron;e d&#283;ti vn&iacute;maj&iacute;, &#382;e jsou oce&#328;ov&aacute;ny a po&#269;&iacute;t&aacute; se s nimi, a mohou usnadnit proces komunikace. Lze si jich snadno v&scaron;imnout, pokud budete po n&#283;kolik dn&iacute; pozorovat sv&eacute; d&#283;ti a jejich reakce na r&#367;zn&eacute; interakce. P&#345;&iacute;padn&#283; si m&#367;&#382;ete ud&#283;lat <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/5lovelanguages.com\/quizzes\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">online test<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, abyste zjistili, jak si stoj&iacute;te.<\/span><\/p><ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Slova uji&scaron;t&#283;n&iacute; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">jsou sm&#283;&#345;ov&aacute;na k verb&aacute;ln&iacute; komunikaci, co&#382; znamen&aacute; bu&#271; slovn&iacute; projevy (nap&#345;. pochvala, nab&iacute;dka uji&scaron;t&#283;n&iacute;, pozitivn&iacute; koment&aacute;&#345;e atd.), nebo prost&#345;ednictv&iacute;m psan&yacute;ch vzkaz&#367;, dopis&#367; apod.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pozornost <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">je definov&aacute;na pospolitost&iacute; a vyjad&#345;uje se prost&#345;ednictv&iacute;m spole&#269;n&#283; str&aacute;ven&eacute;ho &#269;asu s va&scaron;imi bl&iacute;zk&yacute;mi. Zat&iacute;mco &#269;innosti nemusej&iacute; hr&aacute;t v interakci tak v&yacute;znamnou roli, spole&#269;n&eacute; tr&aacute;ven&iacute; &#269;asu je up&#345;ednost&#328;ov&aacute;no a vn&iacute;m&aacute;no jako forma vyj&aacute;d&#345;en&iacute;\/p&#345;ijet&iacute; l&aacute;sky a\/nebo uzn&aacute;n&iacute;. Budov&aacute;n&iacute; pevn&yacute;ch vztah&#367; p&#345;&iacute;mo souvis&iacute; se smyslupln&yacute;mi vazbami, kter&eacute; se vytv&aacute;&#345;ej&iacute; prost&#345;ednictv&iacute;m spole&#269;n&#283; tr&aacute;ven&eacute;ho &#269;asu tv&aacute;&#345;&iacute; v tv&aacute;&#345;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fyzick&yacute; dotek<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> je neverb&aacute;ln&iacute;m vyj&aacute;d&#345;en&iacute;m l&aacute;sky a je prost&#345;edkem neverb&aacute;ln&iacute; komunikace zam&#283;&#345;en&eacute; na vytv&aacute;&#345;en&iacute; intimity. M&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t vyj&aacute;d&#345;en obj&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute;m, hlazen&iacute;m, polo&#382;en&iacute;m hlavy na n&#283;&#269;&iacute; rameno nebo jak&yacute;mkoliv jin&yacute;m typem fyzick&eacute;ho (oboustrann&#283; cht&#283;n&eacute;ho) kontaktu. Vzhledem k tomu, &#382;e dotek je prvn&iacute;m smyslem, kter&yacute; si osvojujeme p&#345;i v&yacute;voji v kojeneck&eacute;m a ran&eacute;m d&#283;tstv&iacute;, n&#283;kte&#345;&iacute; lid&eacute; jej vn&iacute;maj&iacute; jako schopnost vys&iacute;lat a p&#345;ij&iacute;mat emocion&aacute;ln&iacute; sign&aacute;ly od lid&iacute; ve sv&eacute;m okol&iacute;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Skutky slu&#382;by<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> je zp&#367;sob, jak vyj&aacute;d&#345;it sv&eacute; ocen&#283;n&iacute; skrze &#269;iny. Jedn&aacute; se nap&#345;&iacute;klad o zp&#367;sob, jak&yacute;m pro osobu, kter&eacute; chcete projevit l&aacute;sku, uzn&aacute;n&iacute; nebo vd&#283;&#269;nost, n&#283;co ud&#283;l&aacute;te. Spo&#269;&iacute;v&aacute; v drobnostech, o kter&yacute;ch v&iacute;te, &#382;e by se dan&eacute; osob&#283; l&iacute;bily (nap&#345;&iacute;klad pro ni n&#283;co uva&#345;&iacute;te, vy&#345;e&scaron;&iacute;te jeden z jej&iacute;ch &uacute;kol&#367; toho dne, n&#283;co j&iacute; p&#345;inesete, n&#283;co pro ni uklid&iacute;te atd.).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>D&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;\/p&#345;ij&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; d&aacute;rk&#367;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> je mezi jazyky l&aacute;sky nejobl&iacute;ben&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;. Je tak&eacute; dal&scaron;&iacute;m zp&#367;sobem, jak n&#283;komu projevit svou n&aacute;klonnost. I kdy&#382; je zam&#283;&#345;eno na samotn&yacute; d&aacute;rek, je to zp&#367;sob, jak uk&aacute;zat &uacute;sil&iacute; a &#269;as, kter&yacute; jste v&#283;novali p&#345;&iacute;prav&#283;\/vyhled&aacute;n&iacute; d&aacute;rku, a tak&eacute; uk&aacute;zat dan&eacute; osob&#283;, &#382;e jste vyslechli jej&iacute; p&#345;&aacute;n&iacute; a v&#283;novali j&iacute; pozornost.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lid&eacute; se obvykle c&iacute;t&iacute; milov&aacute;ni a\/nebo oce&#328;ov&aacute;ni, pokud maj&iacute; pocit, &#382;e o n&#283; n&#283;kdo pe&#269;uje. Bez ohledu na v&#283;k se lid&eacute; cht&#283;j&iacute; c&iacute;tit vysly&scaron;eni a podporov&aacute;ni. Dobr&yacute;m za&#269;&aacute;tkem je zjistit, kter&eacute; projevy lidem mohou tyto pocity nab&iacute;dnout.<\/span><\/p><h3><i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-right\"><\/i> &ndash; 5.1.3. DISKRIMINA&#268;N&Iacute; SITUACE K T&Eacute;MATU &ndash; <i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-left\"><\/i><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P&#345;edstavte si, &#382;e za v&aacute;mi jednoho dne p&#345;ijde va&scaron;e &#269;trn&aacute;ctilet&eacute; d&iacute;t&#283; a &#345;ekne v&aacute;m, &#382;e si na&scaron;lo nov&eacute;ho kamar&aacute;da, kter&yacute; m&aacute; v&iacute;ce milostn&yacute;ch (a konsenzu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch) vztah&#367; najednou. Va&scaron;e d&iacute;t&#283; se tak&eacute; zm&iacute;n&iacute;, &#382;e si mysl&iacute;, &#382;e monogamie pro n&#283; nemus&iacute; b&yacute;t dobr&aacute; volba. Vy, jako monogamn&iacute; rodi&#269;, kter&yacute; s nenormativn&iacute;mi praktikami nebo jin&yacute;mi vztahov&yacute;mi strukturami nep&#345;ich&aacute;z&iacute; p&#345;&iacute;li&scaron; do styku, se vyd&#283;s&iacute;te a za&#269;nete s n&iacute;m mluvit o v&scaron;ech rizic&iacute;ch, kter&aacute; tyto praktiky zahrnuj&iacute;. Zm&iacute;n&iacute;te se o v&scaron;ech negativn&iacute;ch aspektech a tak&eacute; o tom, jak to m&#367;&#382;e ovlivnit zp&#367;sob, jak&yacute;m lid&eacute; va&scaron;e d&iacute;t&#283; vn&iacute;maj&iacute;. M&#367;&#382;ete vid&#283;t, jak se jejich tv&aacute;&#345; m&#283;n&iacute; a jak za&#269;&iacute;naj&iacute; pochybovat o sv&eacute;m kamar&aacute;dovi. Dost&aacute;vaj&iacute; tak strach ze v&scaron;eho negativn&iacute;ho, co by se mohlo st&aacute;t.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V t&eacute;to souvislosti m&#367;&#382;ete m&iacute;sto jedn&aacute;n&iacute; na z&aacute;klad&#283; sv&yacute;ch emoc&iacute; aktivn&#283; naslouchat tomu, co v&aacute;m d&iacute;t&#283; &#345;&iacute;k&aacute;. Pokud toho o dan&eacute;m t&eacute;matu moc nev&iacute;te, ale r&aacute;di byste je podpo&#345;ili a vedli s nimi produktivn&iacute; rozhovor, m&#367;&#382;ete ustoupit o krok zp&#283;t a &#345;&iacute;ct jim, &#382;e pot&#345;ebujete trochu &#269;asu, abyste si o tom zjistili v&iacute;ce informac&iacute;, ne&#382; si s nimi o tom budete moci promluvit. Sna&#382;te se vyhnout odm&iacute;tnut&iacute; n&aacute;padu hned na za&#269;&aacute;tku, i kdy&#382; nesd&iacute;l&iacute;te stejn&yacute; n&aacute;zor. Naslouchejte argument&#367;m, kter&eacute; va&scaron;e d&iacute;t&#283; &#345;&iacute;k&aacute;, a pamatujte, &#382;e pokud se rozhoduje na z&aacute;klad&#283; informac&iacute;, je ka&#382;d&aacute; mo&#382;nost platn&aacute;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Krom&#283; toho se m&#367;&#382;ete zamyslet, zda byste situaci posuzovali jinak podle <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a> v&yacute;&scaron;e zm&iacute;n&#283;n&eacute;ho kamar&aacute;da (pokud by to byla nap&#345;. d&iacute;vka). <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Genderov&eacute; stereotypy&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;jsou to p&#345;edpoklady o tom, jac&iacute; jsou obvykle mu&#382;i a &#382;eny, nebo jak by se &#382;eny a mu&#382;i m&#283;li chovat, aby byli &amp;quot;spr&aacute;vn&yacute;mi&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/genderove-stereotypy\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Genderov&eacute; stereotypy<\/a> mohou b&yacute;t v na&scaron;&iacute; mysli p&#345;&iacute;tomny, i kdy&#382; si to neuv&#283;domujeme. Aktivn&iacute; p&#345;em&yacute;&scaron;len&iacute; o nich napom&aacute;h&aacute; procesu dosa&#382;en&iacute; rovnosti <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><h3>5.1.4.<strong> P&#344;&Iacute;KLADY DOBR&Eacute; PRAXE<\/strong><\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8532 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1728\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png 1728w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1536x768.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1728px) 100vw, 1728px\"\/><\/p><h4><strong>5.1.4.1. <b>Nen&aacute;siln&aacute; komunikace (NK)<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><b>NK <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">je forma komunikace zalo&#382;en&aacute; na napojen&iacute; na sebe sama, up&#345;&iacute;mn&eacute;m vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;, empatick&eacute; p&#345;&iacute;tomnosti, empatii s&aacute;m\/a se sebou a vyu&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; moci (Rosenberg, 2012). Kdy&#382; hovo&#345;&iacute;me o pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; moci, m&aacute;me na mysli schopnost a mo&#382;nost &#345;&iacute;dit nebo ovliv&#328;ovat chov&aacute;n&iacute; druh&yacute;ch nebo d&#283;n&iacute;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Nen&aacute;siln&aacute; komunikace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o formu komunikace zalo&#382;enou na propojen&iacute; se sebou sam&yacute;m, up&#345;&iacute;mn&eacute;m vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;, empatick&eacute; p&#345;&iacute;tomnosti, sebe-empatii a uplatn&#283;n&iacute; moci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nenasilna-komunikace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Nen&aacute;siln&aacute; komunikace<\/a> m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t osobn&iacute; (pro vnit&#345;n&iacute; konflikty nebo osvobozen&iacute; se od kulturn&iacute;ch podm&iacute;n&#283;nost&iacute;\/viny\/ostudy atd.), mezilidsk&aacute; (pou&#382;&iacute;van&aacute; ke vc&iacute;t&#283;n&iacute; se do druh&yacute;ch) nebo spole&#269;ensk&aacute; (v&aacute;&scaron; vztah ke spole&#269;nosti) (Rosenberg, 2012).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P&#283;t hlavn&iacute;ch prvk&#367; NK podle Rosenberga (2012) je n&aacute;sleduj&iacute;c&iacute;ch:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>V&#283;dom&iacute;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &ndash; Vyjad&#345;uji se otev&#345;en&#283; a up&#345;&iacute;mn&#283;? Naslouch&aacute;m aktivn&#283; a oce&#328;uji pot&#345;eby druh&yacute;ch? Jsem propojen*a sam*a se sebou?<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>My&scaron;len&iacute;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &ndash; Vyn&aacute;&scaron;&iacute;m soudy nebo obvi&#328;uji?<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Jazyk<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &ndash; Jsou m&aacute; slova neutr&aacute;ln&iacute;\/bez kritiky a obvi&#328;ov&aacute;n&iacute;?<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Komunikace<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &ndash; Vyjad&#345;uje moje neverb&aacute;ln&iacute; komunikace tot&eacute;&#382;, co moje slova?<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; moci<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &ndash; Sna&#382;&iacute;m se tuto osobu ovl&aacute;dnout, abych z&iacute;skal to, co chci? Vyjad&#345;uji &#382;&aacute;dost nebo skryt&yacute; po&#382;adavek?<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P&#345;i komunikaci s d&#283;tmi (nebo s k&yacute;mkoliv jin&yacute;m) se sna&#382;te p&#345;em&yacute;&scaron;let o t&#283;chto prvc&iacute;ch a o sd&#283;len&iacute;, kter&eacute; se sna&#382;&iacute;te p&#345;edat. Zamyslete se nad t&iacute;m, jak se vyjad&#345;ujete, jakou m&aacute;te &#345;e&#269; t&#283;la, jak&aacute; slova vol&iacute;te a zda &#269;i jak v rozhovoru vyu&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;te svou moc.<\/span><\/p><h4><strong>5.1.4.2. <b>Aktivn&iacute; naslouch&aacute;n&iacute;<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dobr&yacute;m postupem je aktivn&#283; naslouchat d&#283;tem, m&iacute;sto abyste naslouchali s c&iacute;lem n&#283;jak odpov&#283;d&#283;t. Aktivn&iacute; naslouch&aacute;n&iacute; znamen&aacute;, &#382;e tomu, kdo mluv&iacute;, v&#283;nujete plnou pozornost a v&scaron;&iacute;m&aacute;te si verb&aacute;ln&iacute; i neverb&aacute;ln&iacute; komunikace (&#345;e&#269;i t&#283;la). Vyvarujte se p&#345;eru&scaron;ov&aacute;n&iacute;, vytv&aacute;&#345;en&iacute; domn&#283;nek nebo posuzov&aacute;n&iacute; mluv&#269;&iacute;ho. P&#345;i odpov&iacute;d&aacute;n&iacute; m&#367;&#382;ete projevit z&aacute;jem t&iacute;m, &#382;e zopakujete sd&#283;len&iacute; vlastn&iacute;mi slovy nebo polo&#382;&iacute;te ot&aacute;zky, abyste se ujistili, &#382;e jste porozum&#283;li sd&#283;len&iacute;, kter&eacute; cht&#283;l &#345;e&#269;n&iacute;k p&#345;edat. Pokuste se do n&#283;j vc&iacute;tit, v&#382;&iacute;t se do jeho situace a pod&iacute;vat se na ni z jeho perspektivy.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je tak&eacute; u&#382;ite&#269;n&eacute; zeptat se dan&eacute;ho &#269;lov&#283;ka, zda by cht&#283;l poradit, nebo zda se chce jen vypov&iacute;dat\/b&yacute;t vyslechnut. Vyhnete se tak zbyte&#269;n&yacute;m n&aacute;zor&#367;m nebo rad&aacute;m a zam&#283;&#345;&iacute;te se na to, co od v&aacute;s d&iacute;t&#283; skute&#269;n&#283; pot&#345;ebuje.<\/span><\/p><h3>5.1.5. <strong>REFERENCE<\/strong><\/h3><p>Chapman, G., &amp; Campbell, R. (2008). The Five Love Languages of Children. In&nbsp;Google Books. Moody Publishers. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.es\/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=ORBIZ94Uu7YC&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA5&amp;dq=teaching+love+languages+to+kids&amp;ots=Dqo5yDhcfB&amp;sig=HbaF-MdtPGMx6WkjmeNGL7v5UO8&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=teaching%20love%20languages%20to%20kids&amp;f=false\">https:\/\/books.google.es\/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=ORBIZ94Uu7YC&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA5&amp;dq=teaching+love+languages+to+kids&amp;ots=Dqo5yDhcfB&amp;sig=HbaF-MdtPGMx6WkjmeNGL7v5UO8&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=teaching%20love%20languages%20to%20kids&amp;f=false<\/a><u>.<\/u><\/p><p>&zwnj;Rosenberg, M. (2012). Living Nonviolent Communication: Practical Tools to Connect and Communicate Skilfully in Every Situation. In&nbsp;Google Books. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.es\/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=U4N5CwAAQBAJ&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PR7&amp;dq=non+violent+communication+tools&amp;ots=7dhC4nssU3&amp;sig=2XBP6DwaspbQ3ttPk-ROXDVunuQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">https:\/\/books.google.es\/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=U4N5CwAAQBAJ&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PR7&amp;dq=non+violent+communication+tools&amp;ots=7dhC4nssU3&amp;sig=2XBP6DwaspbQ3ttPk-ROXDVunuQ&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false<\/a><u>.<\/u><\/p><p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p><p>Mehta, A. (2019). Teaching <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Gender<\/a>, Race, Sexuality: Reflections on Feminist Pedagogy. Kohljournal.press..Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/kohljournal.press\/reflections-feminist-pedagogy\">https:\/\/kohljournal.press\/reflections-feminist-pedagogy<\/a>.<\/p><p>SCI Italy (2022). The <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Gender<\/a> Effect. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/sci.ngo\/wp-content\/uploads\/resources\/our-publications\/2022_toolkit_booklet_thegendereffect-italy.pdf\">2022_toolkit_booklet_thegendereffect-italy.pdf (sci.ngo)<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vytvo&#345;en&iacute; bezpe&#269;n&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;ho prostoru pro experimentov&aacute;n&iacute; s genderovou identitou a s genderov&yacute;m vyj&aacute;d&#345;en&iacute;m m&#367;&#382;e m&iacute;t velk&yacute; vliv na &#382;ivot dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;ch. Vzd&#283;l&aacute;vejte se v oblasti genderov&eacute; rovnosti, genderov&eacute; identity a genderov&eacute;ho vyj&aacute;d&#345;en&iacute;, abyste mohli b&yacute;t sv&yacute;m d&#283;tem k dispozici, kdy&#382; objevuj&iacute;, k&yacute;m jsou, a rostou. Je d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute; vytvo&#345;it prost&#345;ed&iacute;, ve kter&eacute;m mohou va&scaron;e d&#283;ti svobodn&#283; kl&aacute;st ot&aacute;zky [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":10102,"menu_order":13,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-9554","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","no-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9554","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9554"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9554\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/10102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=9554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}