{"id":9503,"date":"2023-04-28T18:36:17","date_gmt":"2023-04-28T18:36:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/docs\/11-1-homo-trans-biphobic-jokes-ezd_ampersand-microaggressions-9013\/"},"modified":"2023-08-22T18:09:50","modified_gmt":"2023-08-22T18:09:50","slug":"11-1-homo-trans-biphobic-jokes-ezd_ampersand-microaggressions-9013","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/docs\/guide-for-families\/11-microaggressions-8834\/11-1-homo-trans-biphobic-jokes-ezd_ampersand-microaggressions-9013\/","title":{"rendered":"11.1. HOMO\/TRANS\/BIFOBN\u00cd VTIPY A MIKROAGRESE"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9503\" class=\"elementor elementor-9503 elementor-9013\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0f4a780 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0f4a780\" data-element_type=\"section\"><div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-13778d8\" data-id=\"13778d8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea45ffe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ea45ffe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_lgtbq_kid_feeling_uncomfortable_at_class_894139c2-2252-4541-a1e3-72fcacc5e39f-1024x512.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9293\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_lgtbq_kid_feeling_uncomfortable_at_class_894139c2-2252-4541-a1e3-72fcacc5e39f-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_lgtbq_kid_feeling_uncomfortable_at_class_894139c2-2252-4541-a1e3-72fcacc5e39f-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_lgtbq_kid_feeling_uncomfortable_at_class_894139c2-2252-4541-a1e3-72fcacc5e39f-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_lgtbq_kid_feeling_uncomfortable_at_class_894139c2-2252-4541-a1e3-72fcacc5e39f-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_lgtbq_kid_feeling_uncomfortable_at_class_894139c2-2252-4541-a1e3-72fcacc5e39f-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_lgtbq_kid_feeling_uncomfortable_at_class_894139c2-2252-4541-a1e3-72fcacc5e39f.png 1728w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f571f81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f571f81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8183513 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8183513\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vtipy proti <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> lidem jsou &#269;asto d&#367;sledkem homo\/trans\/binegativity (zn&aacute;m&eacute; tak&eacute; jako homo\/trans\/bifobie) a mohou b&yacute;t jej&iacute;m projevem. A&#269;koliV slovo fobie je spojeno se strachem, kter&yacute; m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t tak&eacute; sou&#269;&aacute;st&iacute; probl&eacute;mu, homo\/trans\/bi-negativita\/bifobie souvis&iacute; sp&iacute;&scaron;e s negativn&iacute;mi postoji a chov&aacute;n&iacute;m v&#367;&#269;i gay&#367;m, lesb&aacute;m, transgender lidem, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m lidem a dal&scaron;&iacute;m <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> lidem (m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t tak&eacute; projevem nedostatku informac&iacute; a nep&#345;&aacute;telstv&iacute; a zanedban&yacute;ch psychosoci&aacute;ln&iacute;ch pot&#345;eb d&iacute;t&#283;te).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nevhodn&eacute; vtipy maj&iacute; z&aacute;klad v kultu&#345;e, kter&aacute; stigmatizuje nebo marginalizuje ur&#269;it&eacute; skupiny lid&iacute;. Je zn&aacute;mo, &#382;e to zp&#367;sobuje a podporuje minoritn&iacute; stres. je to jeden z druh&#367; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Mikroagrese&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;(Pro rodiny) Jedn&aacute; se o nen&aacute;padn&eacute; &uacute;strky, zneva&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; a ur&aacute;&#382;ky, kter&eacute; jsou zam&#283;&#345;eny na lidi kv&#367;li jejich skute&#269;n&eacute; nebo domn&#283;l&eacute; p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k marginalizovan&eacute; skupin&#283;, v tomto p&#345;&iacute;pad&#283; LGBTQ+. Mikroagrese n&#283;kdy b&yacute;vaj&iacute; nev&#283;dom&eacute; a obt&iacute;&#382;n&#283; identifikovateln&eacute; kv&#367;li jejich nejednozna&#269;n&eacute;mu charakteru. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;(Pro vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute;) Jsou takov&aacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;, kter&aacute; nen&aacute;padn&#283; nebo nep&#345;&iacute;mo sd&#283;luj&iacute; hanliv&eacute; a\/nebo nep&#345;&aacute;telsk&eacute; poselstv&iacute; a zp&#367;sobuj&iacute;, &#382;e se LGBTQ+ lid&eacute; c&iacute;t&iacute; nep&#345;&iacute;jemn&#283; nebo jsou ur&aacute;&#382;eni. K t&#283;mto agres&iacute;m pat&#345;&iacute; nap&#345;&iacute;klad gesta, vt&iacute;rav&eacute; ot&aacute;zky, stereotypizace a dal&scaron;&iacute;. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/mikroagrese\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mikroagrese<\/a>.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Existence nevhodn&yacute;ch vtip&#367; je d&aacute;le legitimizov&aacute;na, pokud jsou p&#345;ehl&iacute;&#382;eny nebo p&#345;ech&aacute;zeny bez pov&scaron;imnut&iacute;.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98fb49d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"98fb49d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>11.1.1. &Uacute;VOD<\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pro vytvo&#345;en&iacute; bezpe&#269;n&eacute;ho prost&#345;ed&iacute; je d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute; pou&#382;&iacute;vat inkluzivn&iacute; jazyk. V&#382;dy bychom se m&#283;li um&#283;t zamyslet nad t&iacute;m, zda to, co &#345;&iacute;k&aacute;me, n&#283;komu neubli&#382;uje. Vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute; i vrstevn&iacute;ci\/vrstevnice mohou n&#283;kdy homofobn&#283;\/transfobn&#283; vtipkovat nebo pou&#382;&iacute;vat homofobn&iacute;\/transfobn&iacute; nad&aacute;vky\/ur&aacute;&#382;ky jako prost&#345;edek poni&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; a &scaron;ikany. Tyto ur&aacute;&#382;ky jsou adresov&aacute;ny r&#367;zn&yacute;m studuj&iacute;c&iacute;m bez ohledu na jejich identitu. P&#345;evaha t&#283;chto &bdquo;vtip&#367;&ldquo; a ur&aacute;&#382;ek vytv&aacute;&#345;&iacute; prost&#345;ed&iacute;, kter&eacute; je nep&#345;&aacute;telsk&eacute; a nen&iacute; bezpe&#269;n&eacute;. Ka&#382;d&aacute; odli&scaron;nost od normy m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t &#382;actvem vn&iacute;m&aacute;na jako ne&#382;&aacute;douc&iacute;, co&#382; omezuje jejich zdrav&yacute; v&yacute;voj a vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; odli&scaron;nost&iacute; mezi lidmi jako norm&aacute;ln&iacute;ch a obohacuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ur&aacute;&#382;ky a vtipy jsou v ka&#382;d&eacute; kultu&#345;e hluboce zako&#345;en&#283;ny p&#367;soben&iacute;m stigmatizace, kter&aacute; funguje na v&iacute;ce &uacute;rovn&iacute;ch:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Institucion&aacute;ln&iacute; &uacute;rove&#328;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Struktur&aacute;ln&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Diskriminace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lze ji definovat jako nerovn&eacute; nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; zach&aacute;zen&iacute; s ur&#269;itou osobou nebo se skupinou osob v d&#367;sledku p&#345;edsudk&#367;. Nejedn&aacute; se pouze o odsudky nebo nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; pocity, ale o projevy nesn&aacute;&scaron;enlivosti, kter&eacute; spo&#269;&iacute;vaj&iacute; v odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; a\/nebo vylu&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute; osob, v&#367;&#269;i nim&#382; m&aacute; &#269;lov&#283;k p&#345;edsudky. It is not only judgements or unfavourable feelings but acts of intolerance that consist of rejecting and\/or excluding people against whom one is prejudiced. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/diskriminace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">diskriminace<\/a>, z&aacute;kony, normy, tradice, jazyk, m&eacute;dia.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">politici\/politi&#269;ky by m&#283;li zru&scaron;it homo\/transfobick&eacute; z&aacute;kony (man&#382;elstv&iacute; v&yacute;hradn&#283; pro mu&#382;e a &#382;eny, nucen&aacute; sterilizace trans* lid&iacute;).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Mezilidsk&aacute; &uacute;rove&#328;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Mezilidsk&aacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Diskriminace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lze ji definovat jako nerovn&eacute; nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; zach&aacute;zen&iacute; s ur&#269;itou osobou nebo se skupinou osob v d&#367;sledku p&#345;edsudk&#367;. Nejedn&aacute; se pouze o odsudky nebo nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; pocity, ale o projevy nesn&aacute;&scaron;enlivosti, kter&eacute; spo&#269;&iacute;vaj&iacute; v odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; a\/nebo vylu&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute; osob, v&#367;&#269;i nim&#382; m&aacute; &#269;lov&#283;k p&#345;edsudky. It is not only judgements or unfavourable feelings but acts of intolerance that consist of rejecting and\/or excluding people against whom one is prejudiced. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/diskriminace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">diskriminace<\/a>, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a> ve vztaz&iacute;ch, &scaron;ikana, nen&aacute;vistn&eacute; projevy, homo\/trans\/bifobn&iacute; vtipy.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V&scaron;ichni bychom m&#283;li v&#283;novat v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute; pozornost tomu, co se d&#283;je kolem n&aacute;s. Pokud vid&iacute;me <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a> na <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> lidech, m&#283;li bychom se jich zastat.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rodi&#269;e a vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute; musej&iacute; vytvo&#345;it bezpe&#269;n&yacute; prostor pro <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> d&#283;ti a ml&aacute;de&#382;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jak&aacute;koliv <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Diskriminace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lze ji definovat jako nerovn&eacute; nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; zach&aacute;zen&iacute; s ur&#269;itou osobou nebo se skupinou osob v d&#367;sledku p&#345;edsudk&#367;. Nejedn&aacute; se pouze o odsudky nebo nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; pocity, ale o projevy nesn&aacute;&scaron;enlivosti, kter&eacute; spo&#269;&iacute;vaj&iacute; v odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; a\/nebo vylu&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute; osob, v&#367;&#269;i nim&#382; m&aacute; &#269;lov&#283;k p&#345;edsudky. It is not only judgements or unfavourable feelings but acts of intolerance that consist of rejecting and\/or excluding people against whom one is prejudiced. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/diskriminace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">diskriminace<\/a> a <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a> maj&iacute; nulovou toleranci. Do situace je t&#345;eba zas&aacute;hnout a &scaron;ikanu zastavit.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Individu&aacute;ln&iacute; &uacute;rove&#328;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Internalizovan&aacute; homo\/bi\/<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Transphobie&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Popisuje strach, nen&aacute;vist, nelibost nebo ned&#367;v&#283;ru v&#367;&#269;i lidem, kte&#345;&iacute; jsou transgender, jsou za n&#283; pova&#382;ov&aacute;ni nebo jejich&#382; genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute; neodpov&iacute;d&aacute; tradi&#269;n&iacute;m genderov&yacute;m rol&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/transphobie\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">transphobie<\/a>, probl&eacute;my s du&scaron;evn&iacute;m zdrav&iacute;m, pop&iacute;r&aacute;n&iacute; vlastn&iacute; identity.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mus&iacute;me si uv&#283;domit, jak&yacute;m specifick&yacute;m probl&eacute;m&#367;m a v&yacute;zv&aacute;m m&#367;&#382;e <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> ml&aacute;de&#382; &#269;elit kv&#367;li spole&#269;ensk&yacute;m norm&aacute;m a stigmatizaci jejich identity.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&bdquo;&Scaron;koly musej&iacute; zajistit zdrav&eacute; a bezpe&#269;n&eacute; prost&#345;ed&iacute; pro v&yacute;uku. V&scaron;ichni studuj&iacute;c&iacute;, kte&#345;&iacute; nav&scaron;t&#283;vuj&iacute; &scaron;kolu, musej&iacute; m&iacute;t mo&#382;nost pln&#283; rozvinout sv&#367;j potenci&aacute;l a b&yacute;t v bezpe&#269;&iacute; p&#345;ed jakoukoliv formou &scaron;ikany nebo <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a>. Inkluze a podp&#367;rn&aacute; opat&#345;en&iacute; mohou b&yacute;t obzvl&aacute;&scaron;t&#283; u&#382;ite&#269;n&aacute; pro prevenci toho, aby se transgender a nebin&aacute;rn&iacute; studuj&iacute;c&iacute; nesetk&aacute;vali se &scaron;ikanou, obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute;m, diskriminac&iacute;, homofobi&iacute;, transfobi&iacute; nebo vylou&#269;en&iacute;m&ldquo;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Gouvernement du Qu&eacute;bec 2021).<\/span><\/p><h3>11.1.2. ROZVOJ T&Eacute;MATU<\/h3><p><b>Homofobie <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">je &bdquo;jak&yacute;koliv negativn&iacute; postoj, kter&yacute; m&#367;&#382;e v&eacute;st k p&#345;&iacute;m&eacute;mu nebo nep&#345;&iacute;m&eacute;mu odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; a diskriminaci leseb, gay&#367;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch lid&iacute; nebo osob s jinou sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientac&iacute; nebo jak&yacute;chkoliv osob, jejich&#382; vzhled nebo chov&aacute;n&iacute; neodpov&iacute;d&aacute; stereotyp&#367;m spojen&yacute;m s jejich zapsan&yacute;m pohlav&iacute;m&ldquo; (Gouvernement du Qu&eacute;bec, 2021).<\/span><\/p><p><b>Transfobie <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">je &bdquo;jak&yacute;koliv negativn&iacute; postoj, kter&yacute; m&#367;&#382;e p&#345;&iacute;mo &#269;i nep&#345;&iacute;mo v&eacute;st k odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; a diskriminaci trans osob nebo jak&yacute;chkoliv osob, jejich&#382; vzhled nebo chov&aacute;n&iacute; neodpov&iacute;d&aacute; mu&#382;sk&yacute;m nebo &#382;ensk&yacute;m stereotyp&#367;m spojen&yacute;m se zapsan&yacute;m pohlav&iacute;m, kter&eacute; jim bylo p&#345;id&#283;leno p&#345;i narozen&iacute;. P&#345;&iacute;kladem transfobie je z&aacute;m&#283;rn&eacute; pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; nespr&aacute;vn&yacute;ch z&aacute;jmen nebo k&#345;estn&iacute;ho jm&eacute;na, a&#357; u&#382; v p&#345;&iacute;tomnosti nebo nep&#345;&iacute;tomnosti doty&#269;n&eacute; osoby&ldquo; (Gouvernement du Qu&eacute;bec 2021).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nep&#345;esn&yacute; term&iacute;n homofobie je dnes pom&#283;rn&#283; roz&scaron;&iacute;&#345;en&yacute; a lze jej pova&#382;ovat za &bdquo;lidov&yacute; v&yacute;raz&ldquo; ozna&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute; p&#345;edsudky a r&#367;zn&eacute; formy nesn&aacute;&scaron;enlivosti souvisej&iacute;c&iacute; s diskriminac&iacute; a stigmatizac&iacute; neheterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch osob. Postupn&#283; byly od homofobie odvozeny term&iacute;ny bifobie a transfobie, kter&eacute; popisuj&iacute; specifick&eacute; formy p&#345;edsudk&#367; v&#367;&#269;i t&#283;mto skupin&aacute;m. A&#269;koliv tento term&iacute;n konotuje &bdquo;fobii&ldquo;, tj. strach, nen&iacute; v tomto ohledu technicky p&#345;esn&yacute;, a proto je &#269;ast&#283;ji nahrazov&aacute;n term&iacute;nem <\/span><b>homo\/bi\/trans-negativita<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p>&nbsp;<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Term&iacute;n homofobie byl poprv&eacute; pou&#382;it v odborn&eacute; literatu&#345;e psychologem Georgem Weinbergem, kter&yacute; jej publikoval ve sv&eacute; pr&aacute;ci <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Society and the Healthy Homosexual<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> z roku 1972. Weinberg pozd&#283;ji v rozhovoru s Herekem v roce 1998 vysv&#283;tlil, &#382;e tento term&iacute;n vymyslel, aby vyj&aacute;d&#345;il strach z homosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch lid&iacute; spojen&yacute; se strachem z n&aacute;kazy (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Virus lidsk&eacute;ho imunodeficitu&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a>) a obavou z podkop&aacute;n&iacute; hodnot, za kter&eacute; bojovali &ndash; domova a rodiny.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dnes je tento term&iacute;n ji&#382; velmi roz&scaron;&iacute;&#345;en&yacute; a lze j&iacute;m pojmenovat negativn&iacute; postoje v&#367;&#269;i neheterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m lidem &#269;i neheterosexualit&#283;, kter&eacute; mohou nab&yacute;vat r&#367;zn&yacute;ch implicitn&iacute;ch &#269;i explicitn&iacute;ch podob (v&#269;etn&#283; averze, odporu, strachu &#269;i nen&aacute;visti) (Goldberg, 2016, cit. in Pito&#328;&aacute;k, 2020). Vzhledem k tomu, &#382;e homofobie je v Evropsk&eacute; unii st&aacute;le do zna&#269;n&eacute; m&iacute;ry roz&scaron;&iacute;&#345;enou formou netolerance, vydal Evropsk&yacute; parlament &#345;adu dokument&#367;, v nich&#382; se touto problematikou zab&yacute;v&aacute;. Podle Evropsk&eacute;ho parlamentu lze homofobii definovat jako &bdquo;iracion&aacute;ln&iacute; strach a odpor v&#367;&#269;i homosexualit&#283; a lesb&aacute;m, gay&#367;m, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m a transgender osob&aacute;m, kter&yacute; je zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;edsudc&iacute;ch podobn&yacute;ch rasismu, xenofobii, antisemitismu a sexismu&ldquo;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jazyk a homo\/trans\/bifobn&iacute; vtipy a pozn&aacute;mky mohou b&yacute;t projevem p&#345;edsudk&#367; v&#367;&#269;i neheterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m a necisgender osob&aacute;m ve t&#345;&iacute;d&#283;. Homofobn&iacute; &#269;i transfobn&iacute;&nbsp; jazyk vkl&aacute;d&aacute; p&#345;edsudky do ka&#382;dodenn&iacute;ch interakc&iacute;. I kdy&#382; p&#345;edsudky nejsou pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;ny proti konkr&eacute;tn&iacute;m studuj&iacute;c&iacute;m, vytv&aacute;&#345;ej&iacute; nep&#345;&aacute;telsk&eacute; prost&#345;ed&iacute;, ve kter&eacute;m se jednotliv&iacute; studuj&iacute;c&iacute; mohou c&iacute;tit nep&#345;&iacute;jemn&#283;. Homofobn&iacute; &#269;i transfobn&iacute; jazyk ch&aacute;peme jako slova souvisej&iacute;c&iacute; s <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> identitou\/tematikou, kter&aacute; se pou&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; k popisu &#269;innost&iacute;, v&#283;c&iacute; nebo jin&yacute;ch osob (nesouvisej&iacute;c&iacute;ch p&#345;&iacute;mo se sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m chov&aacute;n&iacute;m a orientac&iacute; nebo genderem) a kter&aacute; maj&iacute; v dan&eacute;m kontextu negativn&iacute; konotaci. O v&yacute;znamu takov&yacute;ch slov je t&#345;eba se studuj&iacute;c&iacute;mi diskutovat a zjistit, jak jim rozum&#283;j&iacute; a zda je vn&iacute;maj&iacute; negativn&#283; (a proto je pou&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; v ur&aacute;&#382;liv&eacute;m smyslu). I kdy&#382; studuj&iacute;c&iacute; vn&iacute;maj&iacute; tato slova sp&iacute;&scaron;e v neutr&aacute;ln&iacute;m smyslu, je d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute;, aby si uv&#283;domili, &#382;e jejich pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;m mohou ne&uacute;mysln&#283; ur&aacute;&#382;et homosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute; a transgender lidi (Smet&aacute;&#269;kov&aacute; 2009).<\/span><\/p><h5><b>Du&scaron;evn&iacute; zdrav&iacute;, mikroagrese<\/b><\/h5><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Homo\/trans\/bifobn&iacute; vtipy a pozn&aacute;mky ovliv&#328;uj&iacute; nejen klima ve t&#345;&iacute;d&#283;, ale tak&eacute; du&scaron;evn&iacute; zdrav&iacute; konkr&eacute;tn&iacute;ch lid&iacute;. Bylo zji&scaron;t&#283;no, &#382;e diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; pozn&aacute;mky a <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Heterosexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ideologie, kter&aacute; prosazuje konven&#269;nost genderu\/pohlav&iacute;, heterosexualitu a tradi&#269;n&iacute; rodinu jako jedin&yacute; zp&#367;sob byt&iacute; lid&iacute;, diskriminuje a podhodnocuje v&scaron;echny ostatn&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/heterosexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">heterosexismus<\/a> jsou spojeny s psychick&yacute;m str&aacute;d&aacute;n&iacute;m osob ze sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch men&scaron;in (Craney, Watson, Brownfield a Flores, 2018; Szymanski a Mikorski, 2016).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rozd&iacute;ly v du&scaron;evn&iacute;m zdrav&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch men&scaron;in a heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; ml&aacute;de&#382;e jsou &#269;asto vysv&#283;tlov&aacute;ny diskrimina&#269;n&iacute;mi zku&scaron;enostmi a odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute;m. A&#269;koliv se mnoho studi&iacute; zam&#283;&#345;uje na explicitn&iacute; viktimizaci, d&#367;sledky jemn&eacute;, ka&#382;dodenn&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Diskriminace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lze ji definovat jako nerovn&eacute; nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; zach&aacute;zen&iacute; s ur&#269;itou osobou nebo se skupinou osob v d&#367;sledku p&#345;edsudk&#367;. Nejedn&aacute; se pouze o odsudky nebo nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; pocity, ale o projevy nesn&aacute;&scaron;enlivosti, kter&eacute; spo&#269;&iacute;vaj&iacute; v odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; a\/nebo vylu&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute; osob, v&#367;&#269;i nim&#382; m&aacute; &#269;lov&#283;k p&#345;edsudky. It is not only judgements or unfavourable feelings but acts of intolerance that consist of rejecting and\/or excluding people against whom one is prejudiced. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/diskriminace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">diskriminace<\/a> (<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Mikroagrese&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;(Pro rodiny) Jedn&aacute; se o nen&aacute;padn&eacute; &uacute;strky, zneva&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; a ur&aacute;&#382;ky, kter&eacute; jsou zam&#283;&#345;eny na lidi kv&#367;li jejich skute&#269;n&eacute; nebo domn&#283;l&eacute; p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k marginalizovan&eacute; skupin&#283;, v tomto p&#345;&iacute;pad&#283; LGBTQ+. Mikroagrese n&#283;kdy b&yacute;vaj&iacute; nev&#283;dom&eacute; a obt&iacute;&#382;n&#283; identifikovateln&eacute; kv&#367;li jejich nejednozna&#269;n&eacute;mu charakteru. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;(Pro vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute;) Jsou takov&aacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;, kter&aacute; nen&aacute;padn&#283; nebo nep&#345;&iacute;mo sd&#283;luj&iacute; hanliv&eacute; a\/nebo nep&#345;&aacute;telsk&eacute; poselstv&iacute; a zp&#367;sobuj&iacute;, &#382;e se LGBTQ+ lid&eacute; c&iacute;t&iacute; nep&#345;&iacute;jemn&#283; nebo jsou ur&aacute;&#382;eni. K t&#283;mto agres&iacute;m pat&#345;&iacute; nap&#345;&iacute;klad gesta, vt&iacute;rav&eacute; ot&aacute;zky, stereotypizace a dal&scaron;&iacute;. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/mikroagrese\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mikroagrese<\/a>) v&#367;&#269;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> ml&aacute;de&#382;i jsou z velk&eacute; &#269;&aacute;sti nedostate&#269;n&#283; prozkoum&aacute;ny (Kaufman et al. 2017).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Mikroagrese&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;(Pro rodiny) Jedn&aacute; se o nen&aacute;padn&eacute; &uacute;strky, zneva&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; a ur&aacute;&#382;ky, kter&eacute; jsou zam&#283;&#345;eny na lidi kv&#367;li jejich skute&#269;n&eacute; nebo domn&#283;l&eacute; p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k marginalizovan&eacute; skupin&#283;, v tomto p&#345;&iacute;pad&#283; LGBTQ+. Mikroagrese n&#283;kdy b&yacute;vaj&iacute; nev&#283;dom&eacute; a obt&iacute;&#382;n&#283; identifikovateln&eacute; kv&#367;li jejich nejednozna&#269;n&eacute;mu charakteru. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;(Pro vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute;) Jsou takov&aacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;, kter&aacute; nen&aacute;padn&#283; nebo nep&#345;&iacute;mo sd&#283;luj&iacute; hanliv&eacute; a\/nebo nep&#345;&aacute;telsk&eacute; poselstv&iacute; a zp&#367;sobuj&iacute;, &#382;e se LGBTQ+ lid&eacute; c&iacute;t&iacute; nep&#345;&iacute;jemn&#283; nebo jsou ur&aacute;&#382;eni. K t&#283;mto agres&iacute;m pat&#345;&iacute; nap&#345;&iacute;klad gesta, vt&iacute;rav&eacute; ot&aacute;zky, stereotypizace a dal&scaron;&iacute;. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/mikroagrese\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Mikroagrese<\/a> jsou v podstat&#283; r&#367;zn&eacute; typy ka&#382;dodenn&iacute;ch setk&aacute;n&iacute; s jemnou diskriminac&iacute;, kter&eacute; lid&eacute; z r&#367;zn&yacute;ch marginalizovan&yacute;ch skupin za&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; b&#283;hem sv&eacute;ho &#382;ivota (Sue et al., 2007). N&#283;kter&eacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Mikroagrese&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;(Pro rodiny) Jedn&aacute; se o nen&aacute;padn&eacute; &uacute;strky, zneva&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; a ur&aacute;&#382;ky, kter&eacute; jsou zam&#283;&#345;eny na lidi kv&#367;li jejich skute&#269;n&eacute; nebo domn&#283;l&eacute; p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k marginalizovan&eacute; skupin&#283;, v tomto p&#345;&iacute;pad&#283; LGBTQ+. Mikroagrese n&#283;kdy b&yacute;vaj&iacute; nev&#283;dom&eacute; a obt&iacute;&#382;n&#283; identifikovateln&eacute; kv&#367;li jejich nejednozna&#269;n&eacute;mu charakteru. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;(Pro vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute;) Jsou takov&aacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;, kter&aacute; nen&aacute;padn&#283; nebo nep&#345;&iacute;mo sd&#283;luj&iacute; hanliv&eacute; a\/nebo nep&#345;&aacute;telsk&eacute; poselstv&iacute; a zp&#367;sobuj&iacute;, &#382;e se LGBTQ+ lid&eacute; c&iacute;t&iacute; nep&#345;&iacute;jemn&#283; nebo jsou ur&aacute;&#382;eni. K t&#283;mto agres&iacute;m pat&#345;&iacute; nap&#345;&iacute;klad gesta, vt&iacute;rav&eacute; ot&aacute;zky, stereotypizace a dal&scaron;&iacute;. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/mikroagrese\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mikroagrese<\/a> mohou b&yacute;t nev&#283;dom&eacute; (tj. pachatel\/ka ani nev&iacute;, &#382;e n&#283;co ud&#283;lal\/a), zat&iacute;mco n&#283;kter&eacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Mikroagrese&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list {&amp;quot;ordered&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;(Pro rodiny) Jedn&aacute; se o nen&aacute;padn&eacute; &uacute;strky, zneva&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; a ur&aacute;&#382;ky, kter&eacute; jsou zam&#283;&#345;eny na lidi kv&#367;li jejich skute&#269;n&eacute; nebo domn&#283;l&eacute; p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k marginalizovan&eacute; skupin&#283;, v tomto p&#345;&iacute;pad&#283; LGBTQ+. Mikroagrese n&#283;kdy b&yacute;vaj&iacute; nev&#283;dom&eacute; a obt&iacute;&#382;n&#283; identifikovateln&eacute; kv&#367;li jejich nejednozna&#269;n&eacute;mu charakteru. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:list-item {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;(Pro vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute;) Jsou takov&aacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;, kter&aacute; nen&aacute;padn&#283; nebo nep&#345;&iacute;mo sd&#283;luj&iacute; hanliv&eacute; a\/nebo nep&#345;&aacute;telsk&eacute; poselstv&iacute; a zp&#367;sobuj&iacute;, &#382;e se LGBTQ+ lid&eacute; c&iacute;t&iacute; nep&#345;&iacute;jemn&#283; nebo jsou ur&aacute;&#382;eni. K t&#283;mto agres&iacute;m pat&#345;&iacute; nap&#345;&iacute;klad gesta, vt&iacute;rav&eacute; ot&aacute;zky, stereotypizace a dal&scaron;&iacute;. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list-item --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:list --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/mikroagrese\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mikroagrese<\/a> mohou b&yacute;t ne&uacute;mysln&eacute; (tj. pachatel\/a si m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t v&#283;dom\/a sv&eacute;ho jedn&aacute;n&iacute;, ale nemus&iacute; si uv&#283;domovat, jak&yacute; negativn&iacute; dopad na lidi m&#367;&#382;e m&iacute;t).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dal&scaron;&iacute; informace o mikroagresi si m&#367;&#382;ete p&#345;e&#269;&iacute;st v kapitole <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/docs\/guide-for-families\/11-microaggressions-8834\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mikroagrese<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ve &scaron;koln&iacute;m prost&#345;ed&iacute; je dobr&eacute; pozorovat a analyzovat, jak&eacute; vtipy se ve t&#345;&iacute;d&aacute;ch objevuj&iacute;. &#268;asto pr&aacute;v&#283; vtipy mohou b&yacute;t sign&aacute;lem &scaron;ikany v jej&iacute;ch prvn&iacute;ch f&aacute;z&iacute;ch, tedy v dob&#283;, kdy je nejlep&scaron;&iacute; proti n&iacute; zakro&#269;it. Nep&#345;ehl&iacute;&#382;ejte to, ptejte se &#382;actva, pro&#269; takov&eacute; vtipy &#345;&iacute;kaj&iacute; a co si mysl&iacute;, &#382;e tyto vtipy znamenaj&iacute;. Otev&#345;en&#283; homo\/trans\/bifobn&iacute; vtipy jsou z&aacute;va&#382;n&yacute;m p&#345;ekro&#269;en&iacute;m skupinov&yacute;ch norem a ve &scaron;kole by se nem&#283;ly vyskytovat. &Scaron;kola by je nem&#283;la tolerovat ani ze strany studuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch. Zejm&eacute;na by se jich nem&#283;li dopou&scaron;t&#283;t vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pokud si ti, kdo takov&eacute; nevhodn&eacute; vtipy pron&aacute;&scaron;ej&iacute;, jednodu&scaron;e neuv&#283;domuj&iacute;, &#382;e jsou nevhodn&eacute;, doporu&#269;ujeme za&#345;adit preventivn&iacute; program, kter&yacute; p&#345;edstav&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> tematiku a dod&aacute; kontext. Takov&yacute; program by m&#283;l zahrnovat vysv&#283;tlen&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> t&eacute;mat a budov&aacute;n&iacute; empatie v&#367;&#269;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> lidem &ndash; nap&#345;. prost&#345;ednictv&iacute;m &#269;ten&iacute; p&#345;&iacute;b&#283;h&#367;, sledov&aacute;n&iacute; dokument&aacute;rn&iacute;ch film&#367; nebo diskuze. Pokud vtipy nep&#345;estanou ani po takov&eacute;m programu, je vhodn&eacute; pracovat s jejich &scaron;i&#345;iteli\/&scaron;i&#345;itelkami individu&aacute;ln&#283; ve spolupr&aacute;ci se &scaron;koln&iacute;m poradensk&yacute;m pracovi&scaron;t&#283;m.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pokud jsou nevhodn&eacute; vtipy m&iacute;n&#283;ny skute&#269;n&#283; homo\/trans\/bifobn&#283; nebo dokonce &uacute;to&#269;&iacute; na konkr&eacute;tn&iacute; studuj&iacute;c&iacute;, je t&#345;eba s doty&#269;n&yacute;mi pracovat individu&aacute;ln&#283; ve spolupr&aacute;ci se &scaron;koln&iacute;m poradensk&yacute;m pracovi&scaron;t&#283;m.<\/span><\/p><h3><i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-right\"><\/i> &ndash; 11.1.3. <b>DISKRIMINA&#268;N&Iacute; SITUACE SOUVISEJ&Iacute;C&Iacute; S DAN&Yacute;M T&Eacute;MATEM<\/b> &ndash; <i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-left\"><\/i><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vtipkov&aacute;n&iacute; o lidech nebo komunit&aacute;ch, kter&eacute; jsou v men&scaron;in&#283; nebo znev&yacute;hodn&#283;n&eacute;, je &scaron;kodliv&eacute;. Vtipy podkop&aacute;vaj&iacute; pocit vlastn&iacute; hodnoty, vyvol&aacute;vaj&iacute; strach a negativn&#283; ovliv&#328;uj&iacute; schopnost d&iacute;t&#283;te u&#269;it se. Nevhodn&eacute; vtipy mohou v&eacute;st k pochybnostem o sob&#283; sam&eacute;\/m a k omezov&aacute;n&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute; &ndash; skr&yacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; ze strachu toho, k&yacute;m skute&#269;n&#283; jsem a jak se c&iacute;t&iacute;m.<\/span><\/p><h3>11.1.4. P&#344;&Iacute;KLADY DOBR&Eacute; PRAXE<\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8532 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1728\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png 1728w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1536x768.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1728px) 100vw, 1728px\"\/><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vzhledem k tomu, &#382;e mlad&iacute; lid&eacute; z &#345;ad leseb, gay&#367;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch a transgender osob jsou sou&#269;&aacute;st&iacute; v&scaron;ech komunit a &#382;ij&iacute; ve v&scaron;ech oblastech, m&#283;ly by b&yacute;t jejich pot&#345;eby zahrnuty do v&scaron;ech slu&#382;eb pro ml&aacute;de&#382;. Abyste zabr&aacute;nili homo\/trans\/bifobn&iacute;m vtip&#367;m a pozn&aacute;mk&aacute;m ve va&scaron;&iacute; &scaron;kole, m&#367;&#382;ete ud&#283;lat n&#283;kter&eacute; z n&aacute;sleduj&iacute;c&iacute;ch krok&#367;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zvy&scaron;ujte pov&#283;dom&iacute; a porozum&#283;n&iacute; ot&aacute;zk&aacute;m souvisej&iacute;c&iacute;m se <\/span><b>sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientac&iacute;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a <\/span><b>genderovou identitou<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a <\/span><b>genderov&yacute;m vyj&aacute;d&#345;en&iacute;m<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Ide&aacute;ln&#283; p&#345;i zapojen&iacute; v&scaron;ech z&uacute;&#269;astn&#283;n&yacute;ch stran ve &scaron;kole, jako jsou vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute;, zam&#283;stnanci\/zam&#283;stnankyn&#283; &scaron;koly, studuj&iacute;c&iacute; a rodi&#269;e. Toho lze dos&aacute;hnout prost&#345;ednictv&iacute;m n&#283;kolika krok&#367; (O&rsquo;Brien, &amp; McEvoy, 2010; Pawlak, 2018):&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zaveden&iacute; &scaron;kolen&iacute; pro vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute; o ot&aacute;zk&aacute;ch <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje trvalou formu citov&eacute;, romantick&eacute; a\/nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti k mu&#382;&#367;m, &#382;en&aacute;m nebo k ob&#283;ma pohlav&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-orientace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/a> a genderov&eacute; identity po&#345;&aacute;dan&eacute; n&#283;jakou <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> organizac&iacute;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Za&#345;azen&iacute; t&eacute;mat jako je <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje trvalou formu citov&eacute;, romantick&eacute; a\/nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti k mu&#382;&#367;m, &#382;en&aacute;m nebo k ob&#283;ma pohlav&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-orientace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/a>, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Genderov&aacute; identita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;vnit&#345;n&iacute; osobn&iacute; vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; vlastn&iacute; identity, kter&eacute; souvis&iacute; se soci&aacute;ln&iacute;mi a kulturn&iacute;mi definicemi genderu. Genderov&aacute; identita &#269;lov&#283;ka se m&#367;&#382;e shodovat s pohlav&iacute;m, kter&eacute; bylo zaps&aacute;no p&#345;i narozen&iacute; (cisgender), nebo se od n&#283;j r&#367;zn&yacute;mi zp&#367;soby li&scaron;it. U v&#283;t&scaron;iny lid&iacute; je genderov&aacute; identita shodn&aacute; s pohlav&iacute;m zapsan&yacute;m p&#345;i narozen&iacute;; u trans, nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;ch a dal&scaron;&iacute;ch genderov&#283; rozmanit&yacute;ch osob se genderov&aacute; identita v r&#367;zn&eacute; m&iacute;&#345;e li&scaron;&iacute; od pohlav&iacute; zapsan&eacute;ho p&#345;i narozen&iacute; (APA, 2015).  &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/genderova-identita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">genderov&aacute; identita<\/a> a vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute; do vzd&#283;l&aacute;vac&iacute;ch pl&aacute;n&#367;, pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; inkluzivn&iacute;ch u&#269;ebnic a materi&aacute;l&#367;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vytvo&#345;en&iacute; &scaron;koln&iacute; politiky zab&yacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; se diskriminac&iacute;, obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute;m a n&aacute;sil&iacute;m na z&aacute;klad&#283; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> identity.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rozvoj &scaron;koln&iacute;ch kontaktn&iacute;ch osob a poradensk&yacute;ch kapacit, aby studuj&iacute;c&iacute; mohli hl&aacute;sit homo\/bi\/transfobick&eacute; &uacute;toky a po&#382;&aacute;dat o pomoc.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U&#269;te d&#283;ti empatii. Vysv&#283;tlete jim, &#382;e vtipy mohou zra&#328;ovat. Nebo je&scaron;t&#283; l&eacute;pe, nau&#269;te je, &#382;e pokud vtip bol&iacute;, nen&iacute; to vtip, ale <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a>. K budov&aacute;n&iacute; empatie s <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> lidmi m&#367;&#382;ete vyu&#382;&iacute;t filmy nebo jin&eacute; p&#345;&iacute;b&#283;hy.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pokud usly&scaron;&iacute;te d&#283;ti nevhodn&#283; vtipkovat, reagujte. M&#367;&#382;ete spole&#269;n&#283; probrat, co je na vtipu problematick&eacute;. Povzbu&#271;te d&#283;ti, aby p&#345;em&yacute;&scaron;lely o vhodnosti vtip&#367; a diskutovaly o nich se sv&yacute;mi vrstevn&iacute;ky\/vrstevnicemi. Povzbuzujte d&#283;ti, aby se zastaly ostatn&iacute;ch, pokud si z nich n&#283;kdo d&#283;l&aacute; legraci. Zast&aacute;n&iacute; se je prevenc&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a>, xenofobie a &scaron;ikany.<\/span><\/p><h5><b>Jak se postavit proti homo\/bi\/transfobii?<\/b><\/h5><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"7\"><b><i>Zastavte to. <\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V&#382;dy a bez v&yacute;jimky se ohrazujte proti neobjektivn&iacute;m pozn&aacute;mk&aacute;m.<\/span><\/i><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"7\"><b><i>Ptejte se<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Pokl&aacute;dejte jednoduch&eacute; ot&aacute;zky, abyste se dozv&#283;d&#283;li, pro&#269; byla pozn&aacute;mka pronesena a jak ji lze &#345;e&scaron;it.<\/span><\/i><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"7\"><b><i>Vzd&#283;l&aacute;vejte<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Vysv&#283;tlete, pro&#269; je slovo nebo v&#283;ta zra&#328;uj&iacute;c&iacute; nebo ur&aacute;&#382;liv&aacute;, a vyzv&#283;te mluv&#269;&iacute;*ho, aby zvolil*a jin&yacute; jazyk. Pomozte d&#283;tem rozli&scaron;ovat mezi z&aacute;m&#283;rem a dopadem.&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><\/li><\/ul><p><i><\/i><b><i>Ozv&#283;te se<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. &bdquo;Zat&iacute;mco hlas jednoho &#269;lov&#283;ka je mocn&yacute;, cel&yacute; sbor hlas&#367; podn&#283;cuje ke zm&#283;n&#283;&ldquo; (U&#269;en&iacute; pro spravedlnost 2021).<\/span><\/i><\/p><h3>11.1.5. REFERENCE<\/h3><p>Craney, R. S., Watson, L. B., Brownfield, J., &amp; Flores, M. J. (2018). Bisexual women&rsquo;s discriminatory experiences and psychological distress: Exploring the roles of coping and LGBTQ community connectedness. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Gender<\/a> Diversity, 5, 324&ndash;337. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/sgd0000276\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/sgd0000276<\/a><\/p><p>Gouvernement du Qu&eacute;bec (2021) <em>Improved understanding and practices for sexual and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">gender<\/a> diversity in schools: guide for educational institutions. <\/em>Gouvernement du Qu&eacute;bec, Minist&egrave;re de l&rsquo;&Eacute;ducation.<\/p><p>Kaufman, T. M. L., et al. (2017). &ldquo;Microaggressions and depressive symptoms in sexual minority youth: The roles of rumination and social support.&rdquo; Psychology of Sexual Orientation and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Gender<\/a> Diversity 4(2): 184-192.<\/p><p>Learning for Justice. (2021). Best practices for serving LGBTQ students: A Teaching Tolerance guide. Southern Poverty Law Centre, Alabama, USA.<\/p><p>Meyer, I. H. (2003). &ldquo;Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence.&rdquo; <em>Psychol Bull 129 (5)<\/em>, 674-697.<\/p><p>Nadal, K. L. (2014). &ldquo;Stop Saying &ldquo;That&rsquo;s So Gay!&rdquo;: 6 Types of Microaggressions That Harm LGBTQ People.&rdquo; Psychology benefits.org<\/p><p>Nadal, K. L., Skolnik, A., &amp; Wong, Y. (2012). Interpersonal and systemic microaggressions: Psychological impacts on transgender individuals and communities. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 6(1), 55-82.<\/p><p>Nadal, K. L. Issa, M., Leon, J., Meterko, V., Wideman, M., &amp; Wong, Y. (2011). Sexual orientation microaggressions: &ldquo;Death by a thousand cuts&rdquo; for lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Journal of LGBT Youth, 8(3), 1-26.<\/p><p>O&rsquo;Brien, C. A., &amp; McEvoy, O. (2010). <em>Addressing homophobia. Guidelines for the youth sector in Ireland<\/em>. Belong to youth services. Ireland.<\/p><p>Pawlak, P. (2018). School-Related Violence and Bullying on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Gender<\/a> Identity or Expression (<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;SOGIE&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace, genderov&aacute; identita a jej&iacute; vyj&aacute;d&#345;en&iacute;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sogie\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">SOGIE<\/a>): Synthesis Report on China, the Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam. UNESCO Bangkok.<\/p><p>Pito&#328;&aacute;k, M. (2017). Mental health in non-heterosexuals: <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Minority stress&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;viz dist&aacute;ln&iacute; a proxim&aacute;ln&iacute; men&scaron;inov&yacute; stres.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/minority-stress\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Minority stress<\/a> theory and related explanation frameworks review. Mental Health &amp; Prevention, 5, 63-73. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mhp.2016.10.002\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mhp.2016.10.002<\/a><\/p><p>Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J. M., Holder, A. M., Nadal, K. L., &amp; Esquilin, M. E. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for counseling. The American Psychologist, 62(4), 271-286.<\/p><p>Smet&aacute;&#269;kov&aacute;, I., &amp; Braun, R. (2009). <em>Homofobie v &#382;&aacute;kovsk&yacute;ch kolektivech: homofobn&iacute; obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; a &scaron;ikana na z&aacute;kladn&iacute;ch a st&#345;edn&iacute;ch &scaron;kol&aacute;ch-jak se projevuje a jak se proti n&iacute; br&aacute;nit: dopl&#328;kov&yacute; v&yacute;ukov&yacute; materi&aacute;l pro Z&Scaron; a S&Scaron; v&#269;etn&#283; didaktick&eacute; aplikace t&eacute;matu<\/em>. &Uacute;&#345;ad vl&aacute;dy &#268;esk&eacute; republiky.<\/p><p>Szymanski, D. M., &amp; Mikorski, R. (2016). External and internalized heterosexism, meaning in life, and psychological distress. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Gender<\/a> Diversity, 3, 265&ndash;274. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/sgd0000182\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/sgd0000182<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vtipy proti <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> lidem jsou &#269;asto d&#367;sledkem homo\/trans\/binegativity (zn&aacute;m&eacute; tak&eacute; jako homo\/trans\/bifobie) a mohou b&yacute;t jej&iacute;m projevem. A&#269;koliV slovo fobie je spojeno se strachem, kter&yacute; m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t tak&eacute; sou&#269;&aacute;st&iacute; probl&eacute;mu, homo\/trans\/bi-negativita\/bifobie souvis&iacute; sp&iacute;&scaron;e s negativn&iacute;mi postoji a chov&aacute;n&iacute;m v&#367;&#269;i gay&#367;m, lesb&aacute;m, transgender lidem, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m lidem a dal&scaron;&iacute;m <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> lidem (m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t tak&eacute; projevem nedostatku informac&iacute; [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":10082,"menu_order":33,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-9503","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","no-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9503"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9503\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/10082"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=9503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}