{"id":9474,"date":"2023-04-04T17:42:18","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T17:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/docs\/guide-for-educators\/5-communication-6361\/5-5-non-consensual-behaviour-consent-6502\/"},"modified":"2023-05-08T15:45:18","modified_gmt":"2023-05-08T15:45:18","slug":"5-5-non-consensual-behaviour-consent-6502","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/docs\/guide-for-educators\/5-communication-6361\/5-5-non-consensual-behaviour-consent-6502\/","title":{"rendered":"5.5. SOUHLAS A NEKONSENZU\u00c1LN\u00cd CHOV\u00c1N\u00cd"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9474\" class=\"elementor elementor-9474 elementor-6502\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-719fea67 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"719fea67\" data-element_type=\"section\"><div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-75fbcf33\" data-id=\"75fbcf33\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f29907 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3f29907\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_respect_of_boundaries_in_a_couple_cartoon_aestheti_9c657def-54f8-41b3-9c52-df57f6a9dd84-1024x512.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8177\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_respect_of_boundaries_in_a_couple_cartoon_aestheti_9c657def-54f8-41b3-9c52-df57f6a9dd84-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_respect_of_boundaries_in_a_couple_cartoon_aestheti_9c657def-54f8-41b3-9c52-df57f6a9dd84-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_respect_of_boundaries_in_a_couple_cartoon_aestheti_9c657def-54f8-41b3-9c52-df57f6a9dd84-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_respect_of_boundaries_in_a_couple_cartoon_aestheti_9c657def-54f8-41b3-9c52-df57f6a9dd84-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_respect_of_boundaries_in_a_couple_cartoon_aestheti_9c657def-54f8-41b3-9c52-df57f6a9dd84-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_respect_of_boundaries_in_a_couple_cartoon_aestheti_9c657def-54f8-41b3-9c52-df57f6a9dd84.png 1728w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55d030f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"55d030f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bf0066 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bf0066\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;T&#283;lesn&aacute; autonomie&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;edstavuje kontrolu a rozhodovac&iacute; pravomoc, kterou m&aacute;me nad vlastn&iacute;m t&#283;lem za jak&yacute;chkoliv okolnost&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/telesna-autonomie\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">T&#283;lesn&aacute; autonomie<\/a> je d&#367;le&#382;it&aacute; v ka&#382;d&eacute;m v&#283;ku.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V&#382;dy je nutn&eacute; pt&aacute;t se na souhlas.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je naprosto v po&#345;&aacute;dku zm&#283;nit n&aacute;zor nebo s n&#283;&#269;&iacute;m nesouhlasit.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute; nau&#269;it se stanovit si vlastn&iacute; hranice stejn&#283; jako respektovat hranice ostatn&iacute;ch lid&iacute;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Va&scaron;e osobn&iacute; hranice ukazuj&iacute; ostatn&iacute;m lidem, jak se k v&aacute;m maj&iacute; chovat.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-136c36e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"136c36e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>5.5.1.<strong> &Uacute;VOD<\/strong><\/h3><p><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;T&#283;lesn&aacute; autonomie&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;edstavuje kontrolu a rozhodovac&iacute; pravomoc, kterou m&aacute;me nad vlastn&iacute;m t&#283;lem za jak&yacute;chkoliv okolnost&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/telesna-autonomie\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">T&#283;lesn&aacute; autonomie<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> je pojem, kter&yacute; by m&#283;l zn&aacute;t ka&#382;d&yacute; &#269;lov&#283;k bez ohledu na v&#283;k. P&#345;edstavuje kontrolu a rozhodov&aacute;n&iacute; o vlastn&iacute;m t&#283;le, a to za jak&yacute;chkoliv okolnost&iacute;. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;T&#283;lesn&aacute; autonomie&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;edstavuje kontrolu a rozhodovac&iacute; pravomoc, kterou m&aacute;me nad vlastn&iacute;m t&#283;lem za jak&yacute;chkoliv okolnost&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/telesna-autonomie\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">T&#283;lesn&aacute; autonomie<\/a> p&#345;edstavuje mo&#382;nost volby, kterou m&aacute;te v tom, co se sv&yacute;m t&#283;lem v dan&eacute; situaci d&#283;l&aacute;te. O souhlasu (konsentu)&nbsp; tedy mluv&iacute;me nap&#345;. v situac&iacute;ch, kdy chcete, aby byla autonomie va&scaron;eho t&#283;la respektov&aacute;na nebo kdy&#382; vy m&aacute;te respektovat autonomii a p&#345;&aacute;n&iacute; lid&iacute; ve va&scaron;em okol&iacute;. Kdy&#382; se pt&aacute;me\/ud&#283;lujeme souhlas p&#345;ed fyzicky a\/nebo psychicky intimn&iacute;mi &#269;innostmi, vytv&aacute;&#345;&iacute;me bezpe&#269;n&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; prost&#345;ed&iacute;, kde ka&#382;d&yacute; m&#367;&#382;e vyj&aacute;d&#345;it sv&eacute; pot&#345;eby. Pokud si vyty&#269;&iacute;te vlastn&iacute; hranice, m&#367;&#382;ete i ostatn&iacute;m pomoct l&eacute;pe komunikovat, jak se k v&aacute;m maj&iacute; chovat, a tak&eacute; ukazujete, jak se chov&aacute;te sami k sob&#283;. Tyto hranice v&aacute;s mohou chr&aacute;nit a informovat ostatn&iacute; o va&scaron;ich fyzick&yacute;ch a\/nebo emocion&aacute;ln&iacute;ch schopnostech a pot&#345;eb&aacute;ch.<\/span><\/p><h3>5.5.2.<strong> ROZVOJ T&Eacute;MATU<\/strong><\/h3><h4><span style=\"font-size: 20.8px;\">5.5.2<\/span><strong>.1. <b>Co je souhlas (konsent)?<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Podle McGuirea (2021) je to, o &#269;em vlastn&#283; mluv&iacute;me, kdy&#382; hovo&#345;&iacute;me o souhlasu a <\/span><b>konsenzu&aacute;ln&iacute;m chov&aacute;n&iacute;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, tak jednoduch&eacute; jako respekt. A&#357; u&#382; se jedn&aacute; o <\/span><b>respekt <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">v&#367;&#269;i druh&eacute; osob&#283; a jej&iacute;mu rozhodnut&iacute;, nebo o respekt v&#367;&#269;i sob&#283; sam&eacute;mu a sv&yacute;m p&#345;&aacute;n&iacute;m, v&scaron;e se odv&iacute;j&iacute; od moci rozhodovat o vlastn&iacute;m t&#283;le, a tedy z&aacute;kladn&iacute; lidskou d&#367;stojnost&iacute;, lidskost&iacute; a osobn&iacute; autonomi&iacute;. Kdy je tedy d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute; za&#269;&iacute;t d&#283;ti u&#269;it o souhlasu a t&#283;lesn&eacute; autonomii?<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V&#283;dci\/v&#283;dkyn&#283; zab&yacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; se v&yacute;vojovou psychologi&iacute;, jako nap&#345;&iacute;klad Jean Piaget, dosp&#283;li k z&aacute;v&#283;ru, &#382;e d&#283;ti pozoruj&iacute; a kategorizuj&iacute; vzorce chov&aacute;n&iacute; je&scaron;t&#283; p&#345;edt&iacute;m, ne&#382; si za&#269;nou vytv&aacute;&#345;et pocit vlastn&iacute;ho j&aacute;. Jin&yacute;mi slovy, vst&#345;eb&aacute;vaj&iacute; v&scaron;e, co vid&iacute; a sly&scaron;&iacute; kolem sebe, a za&#269;&iacute;naj&iacute; to kategorizovat do &scaron;katulek, kter&eacute; mohou pou&#382;&iacute;vat v r&#367;zn&yacute;ch soci&aacute;ln&iacute;ch interakc&iacute;ch. V dne&scaron;n&iacute; spole&#269;nosti p&#345;edstavuj&iacute; dv&#283; hlavn&iacute; konverzace o souhlasu, o nich&#382; se mluv&iacute;, sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; a soci&aacute;ln&iacute; skripty normativity, kter&eacute; n&aacute;s obklopuj&iacute; (McGuire, 2021).&nbsp; My (rodi&#269;e, vychovatel&eacute;, d&#283;ti) jsme toto chov&aacute;n&iacute; sly&scaron;eli a vid&#283;li tolikr&aacute;t, &#382;e jsme je nakonec normalizovali a p&#345;ijali, ani&#382; bychom se n&#283;kdy ptali, zda je to pro n&aacute;s to nejlep&scaron;&iacute;. Jako bychom se &#345;&iacute;dili sc&eacute;n&aacute;&#345;em. Chceme-li vytvo&#345;it kulturu souhlasu, bylo by prvn&iacute;m krokem tohoto procesu uzn&aacute;n&iacute; existence problematick&eacute;ho vzorce, zat&iacute;mco druh&yacute;m krokem by bylo praktikov&aacute;n&iacute; nov&eacute;ho souhlasn&eacute;ho chov&aacute;n&iacute;, kter&eacute; by n&aacute;s p&#345;ibl&iacute;&#382;ilo spole&#269;nosti, v n&iacute;&#382; bychom cht&#283;li &#382;&iacute;t.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jd&#283;te p&#345;&iacute;kladem t&iacute;m, &#382;e budete m&iacute;t jasn&#283; stanoven&eacute; hranice a budete je respektovat jak u sebe, tak u lid&iacute; ve sv&eacute;m okol&iacute;. D&#283;ti si to velmi rychle uv&#283;dom&iacute; a kdy&#382; uvid&iacute;, &#382;e rodi&#269;e\/vychovatel&eacute; maj&iacute; pevn&eacute; hranice, nab&iacute;dne jim to pocit bezpe&#269;&iacute; a d&#367;le&#382;itosti t&#283;lesn&eacute; autonomie.<\/span><\/p><h4><span style=\"font-size: 20.8px;\">5.5.2<\/span><strong>.2. <b>&#381;&aacute;dost o souhlas<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Souhlas je jasn&yacute;, trvaj&iacute;c&iacute;, ucelen&yacute; a dobrovoln&yacute; (Healthline Guide to Consent). Aby se zabr&aacute;nilo nekonsenzu&aacute;ln&iacute;mu chov&aacute;n&iacute; (chov&aacute;n&iacute; bez souhlasu), je z&aacute;sadn&iacute; na jedn&eacute; stran&#283; po&#382;&aacute;dat o souhlas a na druh&eacute; souhlas ud&#283;lit. Jak ale o souhlas po&#382;&aacute;dat?<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bez ohledu na prost&#345;ed&iacute;, ve kter&eacute;m se nach&aacute;z&iacute;te, a v&#283;k osoby, se kterou komunikujete, hraje souhlas kl&iacute;&#269;ovou roli v tom, jak interakce prob&#283;hne a jak se po n&iacute; budete c&iacute;tit. N&#283;kter&eacute; zp&#367;soby, jak o souhlas po&#382;&aacute;dat, jsou n&aacute;sleduj&iacute;c&iacute;:<\/span><\/p><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Zeptejte se p&#345;&iacute;mo:&nbsp;<\/b><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mohu t&#283; obejmout, pol&iacute;bit nebo se t&#283; dotknout? (Pokud se interakce t&yacute;k&aacute; fyzick&eacute; aktivity).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mohu s tebou mluvit o&hellip;? (Pokud se interakce t&yacute;k&aacute; du&scaron;evn&iacute; aktivity).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Zar&aacute;mujte to jako ot&aacute;zku na preference:<\/b><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Co chce&scaron; te&#271; d&#283;lat? Co chce&scaron;, abych te&#271; ud&#283;lal\/a?<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Na z&aacute;klad&#283; odpov&#283;di se pak m&#367;&#382;ete pt&aacute;t tak dlouho, dokud bezpe&#269;n&#283; nedojdete do bodu, kdy se budou v&scaron;ichni z&uacute;&#269;astn&#283;n&iacute; c&iacute;tit spokojeni s t&iacute;m, co se d&#283;je.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pokud dostanete odpov&#283;&#271; &bdquo;ne&ldquo;, respektujte p&#345;&aacute;n&iacute; doty&#269;n&eacute; osoby a <\/span><b>nenal&eacute;hejte <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">na ni.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pokud na ot&aacute;zku t&yacute;kaj&iacute;c&iacute; se souhlasu odpov&iacute;te &bdquo;ne&ldquo;, nem&aacute;te povinnost pod&aacute;vat &#382;&aacute;dn&eacute; vysv&#283;tlen&iacute; ani se vymlouvat, proto&#382;e souhlasn&eacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute; je volba, kterou m&#367;&#382;ete svobodn&#283; vyj&aacute;d&#345;it bez jak&eacute;hokoliv dal&scaron;&iacute;ho vysv&#283;tlov&aacute;n&iacute;. Tato volba plat&iacute; v ka&#382;d&eacute;m v&#283;ku a hraje velkou roli p&#345;i rozvoji zdrav&yacute;ch soci&aacute;ln&iacute;ch vzorc&#367; a smyslu pro sebeuv&#283;dom&#283;n&iacute; a respekt u d&#283;t&iacute; a dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;ch.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T&iacute;m, &#382;e jsme tak pono&#345;eni do normativn&iacute;ho sv&#283;ta, kter&yacute; mezi n&aacute;mi vytvo&#345;ila spole&#269;nost, m&aacute;me n&#283;kdy tendenci zapom&iacute;nat na to, &#382;e ka&#382;d&yacute; &#269;lov&#283;k je jin&yacute;, a proto m&aacute; i jin&eacute; pot&#345;eby. A&#357; u&#382; jsou lid&eacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Queer&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;&iacute;davn&eacute; jm&eacute;no pou&#382;&iacute;van&eacute; n&#283;kter&yacute;mi lidmi, jejich&#382; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace nen&iacute; v&yacute;hradn&#283; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; nebo heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;. Tento zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; term&iacute;n zahrnuje lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; maj&iacute; nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;, genderov&#283; fluidn&iacute; nebo genderov&#283; nekonformn&iacute; identitu. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/queer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">queer<\/a>, neurodivergentn&iacute;, nemaj&iacute; &uacute;pln&#283; jasno ve sv&eacute; identit&#283;, maj&iacute; r&#367;zn&aacute; znev&yacute;hodn&#283;n&iacute; nebo s odli&scaron;n&aacute; kulturn&iacute; z&aacute;zem&iacute;, je d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute; si uv&#283;domit, &#382;e vlivem na&scaron;i odli&scaron;n&yacute;ch &#382;ivotn&iacute;ch zku&scaron;enost&iacute; m&#367;&#382;eme m&iacute;t i r&#367;zn&eacute; spou&scaron;t&#283;&#269;e nep&#345;&iacute;jemn&yacute;ch emoc&iacute;. P&#345;edpokl&aacute;dat souhlas nen&iacute; v po&#345;&aacute;dku, proto&#382;e nikdy nem&#367;&#382;eme v&#283;d&#283;t, co se odehr&aacute;v&aacute; v mysli osoby p&#345;ed n&aacute;mi (a jak&eacute; pot&#345;eby m&#367;&#382;e m&iacute;t, pokud se j&iacute; p&#345;&iacute;mo nezept&aacute;me).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zm&#283;nit n&aacute;zor pot&eacute;, co jste s n&#283;&#269;&iacute;m souhlasili, je zcela v po&#345;&aacute;dku. Sv&#367;j n&aacute;zor m&#367;&#382;ete zm&#283;nit v kter&eacute;mkoliv okam&#382;iku jak&eacute;hokoliv typu interakce a sd&#283;lit ho osob&#283;\/skupin&#283; lid&iacute;, se kter&yacute;mi jste. Jako p&#345;&iacute;klad m&#367;&#382;eme uv&eacute;st, &#382;e pokud souhlas&iacute;te s t&iacute;m, aby se v&aacute;s &#269;len rodiny dot&yacute;kal na ruce nebo v&aacute;s objal, a v ur&#269;it&eacute;m okam&#382;iku se za&#269;nete c&iacute;tit nep&#345;&iacute;jemn&#283;, m&#367;&#382;ete to sd&#283;lit a situaci zm&#283;nit. Smyslem konsenzu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho chov&aacute;n&iacute; je, abyste se b&#283;hem interakce c&iacute;tili p&#345;&iacute;jemn&#283; a aby byl respektov&aacute;n v&aacute;&scaron; osobn&iacute; prostor i prostor lid&iacute;, se kter&yacute;mi komunikujete.<\/span><\/p><h4><span style=\"font-size: 20.8px;\">5.5.2<\/span><strong>.3. <b>Nastavov&aacute;n&iacute; hranic<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nastaven&iacute; hranic pom&aacute;h&aacute; lidem orientovat se v souhlasu a r&#367;zn&yacute;ch &uacute;rovn&iacute;ch interakc&iacute;, kter&eacute; jim mohou b&yacute;t p&#345;&iacute;jemn&eacute;. Hranice lze stanovit na individu&aacute;ln&iacute; &uacute;rovni i v jak&eacute;mkoliv druhu vztahu, a&#357; u&#382; se jedn&aacute; o vztah romantick&yacute;, sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, p&#345;&aacute;telsk&yacute;, rodinn&yacute;, pracovn&iacute; nebo jak&yacute;koliv jin&yacute;. Hranice bychom m&#283;li um&#283;t jasn&#283; komunikovat a hlavn&#283; vz&aacute;jemn&#283; respektovat.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hranice se mohou vztahovat ke konkr&eacute;tn&iacute;mu &#269;asu, soci&aacute;ln&iacute;m interakc&iacute;m, fyzicky i psychicky anga&#382;ovan&yacute;ch aktivit&aacute;m (Selva, 2018). Individu&aacute;ln&iacute; hranice mohou vypadat nap&#345;&iacute;klad takto: &bdquo;R&aacute;d se obj&iacute;m&aacute;m s p&#345;&aacute;teli, ale nen&iacute; mi p&#345;&iacute;jemn&eacute; obj&iacute;mat ciz&iacute; lidi&ldquo; nebo &bdquo;Po ve&#269;e&#345;i s rodinou pot&#345;ebuji str&aacute;vit hodinu o samot&#283;&ldquo;. V rodinn&eacute;m kontextu je d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute; m&iacute;t na pam&#283;ti, &#382;e ka&#382;d&yacute; &#269;len rodiny (rodi&#269;e i d&#283;ti) m&#367;&#382;e m&iacute;t jin&eacute; hranice souvisej&iacute;c&iacute; s t&iacute;m, jak by cht&#283;l vz&aacute;jemn&#283; komunikovat.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mezi v&yacute;hody zdrav&yacute;ch hranic pat&#345;&iacute; lep&scaron;&iacute; du&scaron;evn&iacute; a fyzick&eacute; zdrav&iacute;, rozvoj autonomie, rozvoj identity, p&#345;edch&aacute;zen&iacute; vyho&#345;en&iacute; a mo&#382;nost ovlivnit chov&aacute;n&iacute; ostatn&iacute;ch.<\/span><\/p><h3><i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-right\"><\/i> &ndash; 5.5.3. DISKRIMINA&#268;N&Iacute; SITUACE K T&Eacute;MATU &ndash; <i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-left\"><\/i><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kdy&#382; vejdete do t&#345;&iacute;dy b&#283;hem p&#345;est&aacute;vky, v&scaron;imnete si, &#382;e se spolu bav&iacute; &#382;&aacute;kyn&#283; B a F. Sly&scaron;&iacute;te, jak B &#382;&aacute;d&aacute; F, aby ustoupila o krok dozadu, proto&#382;e se k sob&#283; fyzicky p&#345;&iacute;li&scaron; p&#345;ibli&#382;uj&iacute;. Zpo&#269;&aacute;tku tomu nep&#345;ikl&aacute;d&aacute;te p&#345;&iacute;li&scaron; velk&yacute; v&yacute;znam, ale uzn&aacute;te, &#382;e B vyj&aacute;d&#345;ila jasn&#283; svou osobn&iacute; hranici, kterou chce, aby F respektovala. Pot&eacute; sly&scaron;&iacute;te, jak F za&#269;&iacute;n&aacute; vtipkovat a zesm&#283;&scaron;&#328;ovat B za to, &#382;e &#382;&aacute;d&aacute; o v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute; fyzick&yacute; prostor mezi nimi. &#268;ek&aacute;te, jak&aacute; bude reakce ze strany B. &#344;e&#269; t&#283;la B d&aacute;v&aacute; najevo, jak je j&iacute; to nep&#345;&iacute;jemn&eacute;, a vid&iacute;te, jak ustupuje o krok zp&#283;t, aby vytvo&#345;ila prostor, kter&yacute; j&iacute; F neposkytovala. F ale pokra&#269;uje ve vtipkov&aacute;n&iacute; a op&#283;t se p&#345;ibli&#382;uje k B.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rozhodnete se interakci p&#345;eru&scaron;it n&#283;jak&yacute;m obecn&yacute; zp&#367;sobem jako &bdquo;Hele, to u&#382; by sta&#269;ilo, dejte si prostor a jd&#283;te na chv&iacute;li od sebe &uacute;pln&#283;.&ldquo;. Pak si p&#367;jdete promluvit s B a zeptat se j&iacute;, jak se c&iacute;t&iacute;, a zda m&aacute; n&#283;jakou konkr&eacute;tn&iacute; pot&#345;ebu, se kterou byste j&iacute; mohli pomoci. Pak byste si mohli promluvit s F a vysv&#283;tlit j&iacute;, pro&#269; jej&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute; nebylo vhodn&eacute; a jak&eacute; d&#367;sledky m&#283;lo na B. Sna&#382;te se vyhnout zahanbov&aacute;n&iacute; nebo obvi&#328;ov&aacute;n&iacute;, m&iacute;sto toho se zam&#283;&#345;te na p&#345;&iacute;le&#382;itost k u&#269;en&iacute;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mohlo by b&yacute;t u&#382;ite&#269;n&eacute; si pak s celou t&#345;&iacute;dou promluvit o v&yacute;znamu a d&#367;le&#382;itosti hranic a tak&eacute; o tom, jak je lze stanovovat a vz&aacute;jemn&#283; se respektovat.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To by d&#283;tem uk&aacute;zalo n&aacute;sleduj&iacute;c&iacute; v&#283;ci:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zaprv&eacute;, &#382;e maj&iacute; kontrolu nad sv&yacute;m t&#283;lem a &#382;e pokud jim to nen&iacute; p&#345;&iacute;jemn&eacute;, nikdo by na n&#283; nem&#283;l sahat nebo je omezovat.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Za druh&eacute; jim to uk&aacute;&#382;e, &#382;e emoce a z&aacute;m&#283;ry by m&#283;ly b&yacute;t sd&#283;lov&aacute;ny, pokud by mohly naru&scaron;it n&#283;&#269;&iacute; osobn&iacute; hranice.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute;, aby d&#283;ti m&#283;ly kontrolu nad vlastn&iacute;m t&#283;lem, proto&#382;e rozhodnut&iacute;, kter&aacute; &#269;in&iacute; v r&aacute;mci &scaron;koly\/rodinn&eacute;ho kruhu, formuj&iacute; tak&eacute; rozhodnut&iacute;, kter&aacute; budou &#269;init v jin&yacute;ch soci&aacute;ln&iacute;ch kruz&iacute;ch. Jak ji&#382; bylo zm&iacute;n&#283;no, d&#283;ti kop&iacute;ruj&iacute; vzory dosp&#283;l&yacute;ch t&iacute;m, &#382;e pozoruj&iacute; a vst&#345;eb&aacute;vaj&iacute; informace souvisej&iacute;c&iacute; s jejich interakcemi a tyto informace za&#345;azuj&iacute; do &scaron;katulek. Pokud chcete, aby si d&#283;ti dok&aacute;zaly stanovit hranice ve sv&yacute;ch budouc&iacute;ch milostn&yacute;ch\/sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch\/pracovn&iacute;ch atd. vztaz&iacute;ch, m&#367;&#382;ete s nimi za&#269;&iacute;t t&iacute;m, &#382;e s nimi budete o hranic&iacute;ch mluvit v r&aacute;mci t&#345;&iacute;dy.<\/span><\/p><h3>5.5.4.<strong> P&#344;&Iacute;KLADY DOBR&Eacute; PRAXE<\/strong><\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8532 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1728\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png 1728w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1536x768.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1728px) 100vw, 1728px\"\/><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vych&aacute;z&iacute;me-li z teoretick&yacute;ch princip&#367; Selvy (2018), m&#367;&#382;eme <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nastavov&aacute;n&iacute; hranic<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> rozd&#283;lit do &#269;ty&#345; krok&#367;:<\/span><\/p><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><h5>Identifikace\/vymezen&iacute;<\/h5><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prvn&iacute;m krokem tohoto procesu je ur&#269;en&iacute; va&scaron;ich pot&#345;eb a hranic, kter&eacute; v&aacute;m je pomohou ochr&aacute;nit.<\/span><\/p><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><h5>Komunikace<\/h5><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jakmile jste schopni vyj&aacute;d&#345;it svou osobn&iacute; hranici slovy, druh&yacute;m krokem je jej&iacute; sd&iacute;len&iacute; s lidmi kolem v&aacute;s. Pokud lid&eacute; va&scaron;e hranice neznaj&iacute;, nemohou je respektovat, a proto je d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute; v&#382;dy &#345;&iacute;ci, co pot&#345;ebujete.<\/span><\/p><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><h5>Zachov&aacute;n&iacute; jednoduchosti<\/h5><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dal&scaron;&iacute; z&aacute;sadou, kter&aacute; pom&#367;&#382;e v&aacute;m i lidem, kte&#345;&iacute; s v&aacute;mi komunikuj&iacute;, je jednoduchost. Nemus&iacute;te nic p&#345;ehnan&#283; vysv&#283;tlovat ani se vymlouvat. Sta&#269;&iacute;, kdy&#382; jasn&#283; uvedete sv&eacute; hranice.<\/span><\/p><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><h5>Stanoven&iacute; d&#367;sledk&#367;<\/h5><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V neposledn&iacute; &#345;ad&#283; je d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute; jasn&#283; vyty&#269;it, co by znamenalo p&#345;ekro&#269;en&iacute; hranic. &#344;ekn&#283;te otev&#345;en&#283;, pro&#269; je pro v&aacute;s tato hranice d&#367;le&#382;it&aacute; a jak by ovlivnila va&scaron;e vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; nebo chov&aacute;n&iacute;, kdyby nebyla respektov&aacute;na. Nem&#367;&#382;ete kontrolovat chov&aacute;n&iacute; druh&yacute;ch lid&iacute;, ale m&#367;&#382;ete kontrolovat, jak na n&#283;j reagujete. Stanoven&iacute;m d&#367;sledk&#367; d&aacute;v&aacute;te lidem najevo, &#382;e tyto hranice jsou pro v&aacute;s d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute;, a pokud nebudou respektov&aacute;ny, v&aacute;&scaron; zp&#367;sob interakce s t&#283;mito lidmi se tomu p&#345;izp&#367;sob&iacute;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#344;ekn&#283;me nap&#345;&iacute;klad, &#382;e v&aacute;m nevyhovuje dan&yacute; druh fyzick&eacute;ho doteky. Zm&iacute;n&iacute;te se, &#382;e nechcete, aby v&aacute;s lid&eacute; obj&iacute;mali, kdy&#382; se setk&aacute;te se skupinou p&#345;&aacute;tel, a &#382;e je to pro v&aacute;s d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute;, proto&#382;e ten den pot&#345;ebujete v&iacute;ce osobn&iacute;ho prostoru. Uv&aacute;d&iacute;te svou hranici (&#382;e nechcete objet&iacute;\/fyzick&yacute; dotek), vysv&#283;tlujete pro&#269; (ten den pot&#345;ebujete v&iacute;ce osobn&iacute;ho prostoru) a &#345;&iacute;k&aacute;te to hned na za&#269;&aacute;tku, aby si toho byli v&scaron;ichni v&#283;domi. Pokud k v&aacute;m p&#345;esto p&#345;ijde n&#283;jak&aacute; osoba ze skupiny a obejme v&aacute;s nebo se v&aacute;s dotkne, i kdy&#382; jste uvedli, &#382;e v&aacute;m to nen&iacute; p&#345;&iacute;jemn&eacute;, va&scaron;&iacute; reakc&iacute; by mohlo b&yacute;t, &#382;e si od t&eacute;to osoby ud&#283;l&aacute;te ur&#269;it&yacute; odstup, abyste se takov&eacute;mu kontaktu vyhnuli. V takov&eacute;m p&#345;&iacute;pad&#283; by odstup od doty&#269;n&eacute; osoby byl d&#367;sledkem, kter&yacute; byste stanovili, abyste j&iacute; dali najevo, &#382;e pot&#345;ebujete, aby va&scaron;e hranice byla respektov&aacute;na.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute; zn&aacute;t tyto &#269;ty&#345;i f&aacute;ze, abychom mohli d&#283;tem v tomto ohledu pomoci.<\/span><\/p><h3>5.5.5. <strong>REFERENCE<\/strong><\/h3><p>McGuire, L. (2021). Creating Cultures of Consent: A Guide for Parents and Educators. In&nbsp;Google Books. Rowman &amp; Littlefield. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.es\/books?id=drAPEAAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=teaching+consent+in+schools&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;vTurned=2ahUKEwiRx621vbr5AhUJRBoKHXhLCUQQ6AF6BAgBEAI#v=onepage&amp;q=teaching%20consent%20in%20schools&amp;f=false\">https:\/\/books.google.es\/books?id=drAPEAAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=teaching+consent+in+schools&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;vTurned=2ahUKEwiRx621vbr5AhUJRBoKHXhLCUQQ6AF6BAgBEAI#v=onepage&amp;q=teaching%20consent%20in%20schools&amp;f=false<\/a>.<\/p><p>Selva, J. (2018).&nbsp;<em>How to Set Healthy Boundaries: 10 Examples + PDF Worksheets<\/em>. PositivePsychology.com. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/positivepsychology.com\/great-self-care-setting-healthy-boundaries\/\">https:\/\/positivepsychology.com\/great-self-care-setting-healthy-boundaries\/<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;T&#283;lesn&aacute; autonomie&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;edstavuje kontrolu a rozhodovac&iacute; pravomoc, kterou m&aacute;me nad vlastn&iacute;m t&#283;lem za jak&yacute;chkoliv okolnost&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/telesna-autonomie\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">T&#283;lesn&aacute; autonomie<\/a> je d&#367;le&#382;it&aacute; v ka&#382;d&eacute;m v&#283;ku. V&#382;dy je nutn&eacute; pt&aacute;t se na souhlas. Je naprosto v po&#345;&aacute;dku zm&#283;nit n&aacute;zor nebo s n&#283;&#269;&iacute;m nesouhlasit. Je d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute; nau&#269;it se stanovit si vlastn&iacute; hranice stejn&#283; jako respektovat hranice ostatn&iacute;ch lid&iacute;. Va&scaron;e osobn&iacute; hranice ukazuj&iacute; ostatn&iacute;m lidem, jak se k v&aacute;m maj&iacute; chovat. 5.5.1. &Uacute;VOD <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;T&#283;lesn&aacute; autonomie&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;edstavuje kontrolu a rozhodovac&iacute; pravomoc, kterou m&aacute;me nad vlastn&iacute;m t&#283;lem za jak&yacute;chkoliv okolnost&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/telesna-autonomie\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">T&#283;lesn&aacute; autonomie<\/a> je [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":9465,"menu_order":17,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-9474","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","no-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9474","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9474"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9474\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9474"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=9474"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}