{"id":9236,"date":"2023-04-04T17:40:34","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T17:40:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/docs\/guide-for-educators\/2-identitay-genderova-rozmanitost\/2-3-cisnormativita\/"},"modified":"2023-09-21T18:52:04","modified_gmt":"2023-09-21T18:52:04","slug":"2-3-cisnormativita","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/docs\/guide-for-educators\/2-identitay-genderova-rozmanitost\/2-3-cisnormativita\/","title":{"rendered":"2.3. CISNORMATIVITA"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9236\" class=\"elementor elementor-9236 elementor-6478\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-36f524e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"36f524e6\" data-element_type=\"section\"><div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e02e3a7\" data-id=\"7e02e3a7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a334985 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a334985\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_invisivilization_of_trans_people_for_kids_educatio_dd5d6361-b4ff-40d0-991a-2461c36876bf_1-1024x512.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9335\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_invisivilization_of_trans_people_for_kids_educatio_dd5d6361-b4ff-40d0-991a-2461c36876bf_1-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_invisivilization_of_trans_people_for_kids_educatio_dd5d6361-b4ff-40d0-991a-2461c36876bf_1-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_invisivilization_of_trans_people_for_kids_educatio_dd5d6361-b4ff-40d0-991a-2461c36876bf_1-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_invisivilization_of_trans_people_for_kids_educatio_dd5d6361-b4ff-40d0-991a-2461c36876bf_1-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_invisivilization_of_trans_people_for_kids_educatio_dd5d6361-b4ff-40d0-991a-2461c36876bf_1-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_invisivilization_of_trans_people_for_kids_educatio_dd5d6361-b4ff-40d0-991a-2461c36876bf_1.png 1728w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa9d440 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"fa9d440\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-712ef13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"712ef13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Kv&#367;li cisnormativit&#283; spole&#269;nosti &#269;el&iacute; transgender d&#283;ti a ml&aacute;de&#382; cel&eacute; &#345;ad&#283; p&#345;ek&aacute;&#382;ek, obt&iacute;&#382;&iacute; a nespravedlnost&iacute;.<\/li>\n<li>Nerovnosti ve vzd&#283;l&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; vypl&yacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; z identity trans studuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch ovliv&#328;uj&iacute; jejich emocion&aacute;ln&iacute; a psychick&eacute; zdrav&iacute; a jejich schopnost aktivn&#283; se vzd&#283;l&aacute;vat.<\/li>\n<li>Zm&#283;nou perspektivy a vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute;m lid&iacute; jako rozmanit&yacute;ch lidsk&yacute;ch bytost&iacute; mohou (nejen) vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute; pozitivn&#283; ovlivnit to, jak d&iacute;t&#283; ch&aacute;pe sv&#283;t a jak komunikuje se sv&yacute;m okol&iacute;m.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fc5a9e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7fc5a9e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>2.3.1. &Uacute;VOD<\/h3><p>Postupem &#269;asu se vytvo&#345;il n&aacute;zor, &#382;e heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; a <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Osoba, jej&iacute;&#382; genderov&aacute; identita je v souladu s pohlav&iacute;m, kter&eacute; j&iacute; bylo zaps&aacute;no p&#345;i narozen&iacute;, popisuje osoby, kter&eacute; nejsou transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a> lid&eacute; jsou &bdquo;normou&rdquo; a v&scaron;echny ostatn&iacute; projevy genderu a sexuality jsou vn&iacute;m&aacute;ny jako &bdquo;jin&eacute;&rdquo;. Utvrzuj&iacute; to zaveden&eacute; spole&#269;ensk&eacute; zvyky, politick&eacute; diskuze i medi&aacute;ln&iacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. P&#345;itom sv&#283;t kolem n&aacute;s je pln&yacute; rozmanitosti a tyto &bdquo;normy&rdquo; zkr&aacute;tka neodr&aacute;&#382;ej&iacute; realitu.<\/p><h3><strong>2.3.2. ZPRACOV&Aacute;N&Iacute; T&Eacute;MATIKY<\/strong><\/h3><h4><strong>2.3.2.1. Cisnormativita<\/strong><\/h4><p>Slovo cisnormativita bylo poprv&eacute; pou&#382;ito v roce 2000. Jedn&aacute; se o kombinaci p&#345;edpony <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cis&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o latinskou p&#345;edponu, kter&aacute; znamen&aacute; &amp;quot;na stejn&eacute; stran&#283; jako&amp;quot;, a je tedy antonymem slova &amp;quot;trans&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>cis<\/a>-, jako ve slov&#283; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Osoba, jej&iacute;&#382; genderov&aacute; identita je v souladu s pohlav&iacute;m, kter&eacute; j&iacute; bylo zaps&aacute;no p&#345;i narozen&iacute;, popisuje osoby, kter&eacute; nejsou transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a>, a p&#345;&iacute;pony -<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Normativita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Odkazuje na skute&#269;nost, &#382;e n&#283;kter&eacute; &#269;iny, postoje nebo du&scaron;evn&iacute; stavy jsou pova&#382;ov&aacute;ny za opr&aacute;vn&#283;n&eacute;, jedn&aacute; se o za stav, kter&yacute; je pova&#382;ov&aacute;n za vhodn&yacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/normativita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">normativita<\/a>, jako dopln&#283;k k heteronormativit&#283;. Term&iacute;n cisnormativita byl vytvo&#345;en k popisu sociokulturn&iacute;ch p&#345;edpoklad&#367; a o&#269;ek&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;, &#382;e v&scaron;ichni lid&eacute; jsou <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Osoba, jej&iacute;&#382; genderov&aacute; identita je v souladu s pohlav&iacute;m, kter&eacute; j&iacute; bylo zaps&aacute;no p&#345;i narozen&iacute;, popisuje osoby, kter&eacute; nejsou transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a> (Bauer et al., 2009). A&#269;koli je cisnormativita z&#345;&iacute;dkakdy z&aacute;m&#283;rn&aacute;, je &#269;asto vn&iacute;m&aacute;na jako zra&#328;uj&iacute;c&iacute; a ur&aacute;&#382;liv&aacute; pro trans* komunitu.<\/p><p>Cisnormativitu lze ch&aacute;pat jako syst&eacute;m p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;en&iacute;, na n&#283;m&#382; je zalo&#382;ena transfobie, kter&aacute; je popisov&aacute;na jako &bdquo;iracion&aacute;ln&iacute; strach nebo nen&aacute;vist v&#367;&#269;i trans lidem.&rdquo; (Israel &amp; Tarver, 1997).<\/p><h4><strong>2.3.2.2. Transnegativita and Transf&oacute;bie<\/strong><\/h4><p><a id=\"post-6478-_Hlk119147697\"><\/a><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Transnegativita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jde o &scaron;k&aacute;lu chov&aacute;n&iacute;, kognitivn&iacute;ch z&aacute;bran zalo&#382;en&yacute;ch na p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;en&iacute; a negativn&iacute;ch afektivn&iacute;ch reakc&iacute; souvisej&iacute;c&iacute;ch s trans osobami.s.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/transnegativita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Transnegativita<\/a><\/strong> je soubor chov&aacute;n&iacute;, p&#345;edsude&#269;n&yacute;ch kognitivn&iacute;ch n&aacute;vyk&#367; a negativn&iacute;ch emo&#269;n&iacute;ch reakc&iacute; t&yacute;kaj&iacute;c&iacute;ch se trans osob. Term&iacute;n <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Transnegativita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jde o &scaron;k&aacute;lu chov&aacute;n&iacute;, kognitivn&iacute;ch z&aacute;bran zalo&#382;en&yacute;ch na p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;en&iacute; a negativn&iacute;ch afektivn&iacute;ch reakc&iacute; souvisej&iacute;c&iacute;ch s trans osobami.s.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/transnegativita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">transnegativita<\/a> by se dal definovat jako &bdquo;jak&yacute;koliv p&#345;edsude&#269;n&yacute; postoj, diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; nebo viktimizuj&iacute;c&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;, a&#357; u&#382; otev&#345;en&#283;, nebo skryt&#283; zam&#283;&#345;en&eacute; v&#367;&#269;i &#269;lov&#283;ku na z&aacute;klad&#283; (domn&#283;l&eacute;) transgender identity.&rdquo; (McDermott et al., 2018).<\/p><p><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Transphobie&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Popisuje strach, nen&aacute;vist, nelibost nebo ned&#367;v&#283;ru v&#367;&#269;i lidem, kte&#345;&iacute; jsou transgender, jsou za n&#283; pova&#382;ov&aacute;ni nebo jejich&#382; genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute; neodpov&iacute;d&aacute; tradi&#269;n&iacute;m genderov&yacute;m rol&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/transphobie\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Transphobie<\/a><\/strong> je strach, nen&aacute;vist, ned&#367;v&#283;ra nebo odpor v&#367;&#269;i transgender lidem. Lidem, kte&#345;&iacute; jsou &#269;teni jako transgender nebo jejich&#382; genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute; neodpov&iacute;d&aacute; tradi&#269;n&iacute;m genderov&yacute;m rol&iacute;m. (Chrisler &amp; McCreary, 2010). M&#367;&#382;e se projevovat v mnoha podob&aacute;ch, jako negativn&iacute; postoje, averze a p&#345;edsudky v&#367;&#269;i transgender osob&aacute;m, iracion&aacute;ln&iacute; strach a nepochopen&iacute;, hanliv&eacute; v&yacute;razy a nad&aacute;vky, &scaron;ikana, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a> atd. (Egale, 2019).<\/p><p>Vedle dlouhodob&#283; pou&#382;&iacute;van&eacute;ho term&iacute;nu &bdquo;transfobie&rdquo; je nov&#283; zaveden term&iacute;n &bdquo;<strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cissexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je to forma &uacute;tlaku a diskriminace ze strany t&#283;ch, kte&#345;&iacute; se ob&aacute;vaj&iacute;, ned&#367;v&#283;&#345;uj&iacute; nebo nemaj&iacute; r&aacute;di lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; jsou genderov&#283; nekonformn&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cissexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cissexismus<\/a><\/strong>&rdquo;. Ten lze ch&aacute;pat jako formu &uacute;tlaku a <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Diskriminace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lze ji definovat jako nerovn&eacute; nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; zach&aacute;zen&iacute; s ur&#269;itou osobou nebo se skupinou osob v d&#367;sledku p&#345;edsudk&#367;. Nejedn&aacute; se pouze o odsudky nebo nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; pocity, ale o projevy nesn&aacute;&scaron;enlivosti, kter&eacute; spo&#269;&iacute;vaj&iacute; v odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; a\/nebo vylu&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute; osob, v&#367;&#269;i nim&#382; m&aacute; &#269;lov&#283;k p&#345;edsudky. It is not only judgements or unfavourable feelings but acts of intolerance that consist of rejecting and\/or excluding people against whom one is prejudiced. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/diskriminace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">diskriminace<\/a> ze strany t&#283;ch, kte&#345;&iacute; se boj&iacute;, nev&#283;&#345;&iacute; nebo nemaj&iacute; r&aacute;di lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; jsou genderov&#283; nekonformn&iacute; (Zambon, 2021). L&eacute;ka&#345;sk&yacute; &#269;asopis Medical News Today popisuje, &#382;e lid&eacute;, kte&#345;&iacute; za&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cissexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je to forma &uacute;tlaku a diskriminace ze strany t&#283;ch, kte&#345;&iacute; se ob&aacute;vaj&iacute;, ned&#367;v&#283;&#345;uj&iacute; nebo nemaj&iacute; r&aacute;di lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; jsou genderov&#283; nekonformn&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cissexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cissexismus<\/a>, &#269;ast&#283;ji za&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; deprese, &uacute;zkosti, posttraumatick&yacute; stres a celkov&eacute; psychick&eacute; pot&iacute;&#382;e. Tento jev m&#367;&#382;e tak&eacute; ovlivnit samotn&eacute; fyzick&eacute; zdrav&iacute;, proto&#382;e tito lid&eacute; maj&iacute; hor&scaron;&iacute; p&#345;&iacute;stup ke zdravotn&iacute; p&eacute;&#269;i, za&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a> a zneu&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; ze strany l&eacute;ka&#345;sk&eacute;ho person&aacute;lu. D&aacute;le mohou tak&eacute; poci&#357;ovat i p&#345;&iacute;m&eacute; zdravotn&iacute; n&aacute;sledky, jako je vysok&yacute; krevn&iacute; tlak, mrtvice, cukrovka atd.<\/p><h4><strong>2.3.2.3. Nespravedlnost ve vzd&#283;l&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;<\/strong><\/h4><p>Je zn&aacute;mo, &#382;e transgender d&#283;ti a dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; se ve &scaron;kole pot&yacute;kaj&iacute; s celou &#345;adou p&#345;ek&aacute;&#382;ek, obt&iacute;&#382;&iacute; a nespravedlnost&iacute;. &Scaron;koln&iacute; prost&#345;ed&iacute; je toti&#382; velmi cisnormativn&iacute;. Jedn&aacute; se o normalizovan&yacute; p&#345;edpoklad, &#382;e ka&#382;d&yacute; se identifikuje se sv&yacute;m zapsan&yacute;m pohlav&iacute;m a &#382;e <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Genderov&aacute; identita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;vnit&#345;n&iacute; osobn&iacute; vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; vlastn&iacute; identity, kter&eacute; souvis&iacute; se soci&aacute;ln&iacute;mi a kulturn&iacute;mi definicemi genderu. Genderov&aacute; identita &#269;lov&#283;ka se m&#367;&#382;e shodovat s pohlav&iacute;m, kter&eacute; bylo zaps&aacute;no p&#345;i narozen&iacute; (cisgender), nebo se od n&#283;j r&#367;zn&yacute;mi zp&#367;soby li&scaron;it. U v&#283;t&scaron;iny lid&iacute; je genderov&aacute; identita shodn&aacute; s pohlav&iacute;m zapsan&yacute;m p&#345;i narozen&iacute;; u trans, nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;ch a dal&scaron;&iacute;ch genderov&#283; rozmanit&yacute;ch osob se genderov&aacute; identita v r&#367;zn&eacute; m&iacute;&#345;e li&scaron;&iacute; od pohlav&iacute; zapsan&eacute;ho p&#345;i narozen&iacute; (APA, 2015).  &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/genderova-identita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">genderov&aacute; identita<\/a> je stanovena p&#345;i narozen&iacute; a nem&#283;n&iacute; se (Simmons &amp; White, 2014). <a id=\"post-6478-_Int_cp5dRurC\"><\/a><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Osoba, jej&iacute;&#382; genderov&aacute; identita je v souladu s pohlav&iacute;m, kter&eacute; j&iacute; bylo zaps&aacute;no p&#345;i narozen&iacute;, popisuje osoby, kter&eacute; nejsou transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Cisgender<\/a> studuj&iacute;c&iacute; jsou &scaron;koln&iacute; institucionalizovanou cisnormativitou privilegov&aacute;ni a odli&scaron;n&eacute; genderov&eacute; projevy neb&yacute;vaj&iacute; v&iacute;t&aacute;ny (Miller, 2016).<\/p><p>&Scaron;koln&iacute; politika nen&iacute; nastavena na explicitn&iacute; podporu trans lid&iacute;, kte&#345;&iacute; na &scaron;kol&aacute;ch ani v u&#269;ebn&iacute;ch materi&aacute;lech nemaj&iacute; &#382;&aacute;dnou reprezentaci. Celkov&#283; cisnormativn&iacute; klima &scaron;koly podporuje vznik transfobn&iacute; &scaron;ikany a dal&scaron;&iacute;ch projev&#367; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a> v&#367;&#269;i trans lidem v&#269;etn&#283; p&#345;edsude&#269;n&eacute;ho <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a> ze strany vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute;ch. To v&scaron;e negativn&#283; ovliv&#328;uje nejen vzd&#283;l&aacute;n&iacute;, ale i &#382;ivoty trans studuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch. (Mcbride et al., 2020) Studie ukazuj&iacute;, &#382;e nerovnosti ve vzd&#283;l&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;, nespravedlnosti vypl&yacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; z trans* identity studuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch ovliv&#328;uj&iacute; jejich emocion&aacute;ln&iacute; a psychick&eacute; zdrav&iacute; a schopnost vzd&#283;l&aacute;vat se (Meyer et al., 2016).<\/p><p>Trans studuj&iacute;c&iacute; jsou p&#345;&iacute;li&scaron; &#269;asto nuceni k tomu, aby sami p&#345;in&aacute;&scaron;eli do &scaron;kol diskuze o trans tematice a sna&#382;ili se bojovat o to, aby zbytek &scaron;koly p&#345;ijal jejich identitu, co&#382; je o to t&#283;&#382;&scaron;&iacute;, jeliko&#382; nejsou &scaron;koly &#269;asto dostate&#269;n&#283; p&#345;ipraveny a vybaveny na p&#345;ijet&iacute; trans studuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch (Ullman, 2016). V jin&yacute;ch p&#345;&iacute;padech rodi&#269;e a opatrovn&iacute;ci &#269;asto p&#345;eb&iacute;raj&iacute; v&yacute;znamnou roli p&#345;i prosazov&aacute;n&iacute; inkluze ve &scaron;kole. Nen&iacute; ale spr&aacute;vn&eacute;, pokud trans dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; nemaj&iacute; podporu rodiny, aby ve&scaron;ker&eacute; b&#345;&iacute;m&#283; prosazov&aacute;n&iacute; tohoto t&eacute;matu ve &scaron;kole le&#382;elo na bedrech trans osob (Neary, 2019).<\/p><p>Ka&#382;d&eacute; d&iacute;t&#283; si zaslou&#382;&iacute;, aby se c&iacute;tilo autenticky vid&#283;no a sly&scaron;eno a aby bylo v p&eacute;&#269;i vn&iacute;mav&yacute;ch dosp&#283;l&yacute;ch, kte&#345;&iacute; mu cht&#283;j&iacute; pomoci c&iacute;tit se bezpe&#269;n&#283; a vn&iacute;mat soun&aacute;le&#382;itost se spolu&#382;&aacute;ky a spolu&#382;a&#269;kami ve t&#345;&iacute;d&#283;. To vy&#382;aduje, aby &scaron;koly vytv&aacute;&#345;ely prost&#345;ed&iacute;, ve kter&eacute;m se trans d&#283;ti a ml&aacute;de&#382; budou c&iacute;tit v&iacute;t&aacute;ny takov&eacute;, jak&eacute; jsou ve v&scaron;&iacute; (nejen) genderov&eacute; rozmanitosti (Steele &amp; Nicholson, 2020).<\/p><h4><strong>2.3.2.4. Dopady na ml&aacute;de&#382;<\/strong><\/h4><p>Kv&#367;li cisnormativit&#283; je n&#283;kdy pro lidi obt&iacute;&#382;n&eacute; pochopit, &#382;e existuje v&iacute;ce genderov&yacute;ch identit a sebevyj&aacute;d&#345;en&iacute;, kter&aacute; jsou sou&#269;&aacute;st&iacute; rozmanitosti spole&#269;nosti. To nen&iacute; &#382;&aacute;dn&aacute; &bdquo;f&aacute;ze nebo v&yacute;st&#345;elek, kter&yacute; se ned&aacute; vyl&eacute;&#269;it, kter&yacute; rozd&#283;luje spole&#269;nost a d&aacute;v&aacute; &scaron;patn&yacute; p&#345;&iacute;klad d&#283;tem&rdquo;. Takov&eacute; nepochopen&iacute; m&#367;&#382;e tak&eacute; v&eacute;st ke strachu nebo dokonce ke hn&#283;vu v&#367;&#269;i trans lidem.<\/p><p>Nespr&aacute;vn&eacute; vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; genderu m&#367;&#382;e u dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;ch vyvolat pot&iacute;&#382;e a nejistotu p&#345;i definov&aacute;n&iacute; vlastn&iacute; identity. Tyto vn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; negativn&iacute; faktory pak mohou v&eacute;st k rizikov&eacute;mu chov&aacute;n&iacute;, stresu, depresi nebo sebevra&#382;d&#283;. Proto je nesm&iacute;rn&#283; d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute;, aby ka&#382;d&yacute; mlad&yacute; &#269;lov&#283;k dostal informace o genderu.<\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); background-color: var(--bs-body-bg); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align);\">Pro d&iacute;t&#283;, kter&eacute; nen&iacute; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; nebo <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Osoba, jej&iacute;&#382; genderov&aacute; identita je v souladu s pohlav&iacute;m, kter&eacute; j&iacute; bylo zaps&aacute;no p&#345;i narozen&iacute;, popisuje osoby, kter&eacute; nejsou transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a>, m&#367;&#382;e m&iacute;t prost&#345;ed&iacute;, kde se nec&iacute;t&iacute; b&yacute;t zastoupeno nebo kde se c&iacute;t&iacute; b&yacute;t nev&iacute;t&aacute;no &#269;i dokonce nen&aacute;vid&#283;no, destruktivn&iacute; &uacute;&#269;inky. Negativn&iacute; prost&#345;ed&iacute; m&#367;&#382;e m&iacute;t vliv na du&scaron;evn&iacute; zdrav&iacute;, schopnost u&#269;en&iacute;, sebev&#283;dom&iacute; a pocit vlastn&iacute; hodnoty. D&#283;ti vyr&#367;staj&iacute; v prost&#345;ed&iacute;, kde se kluci a holky rozd&#283;luj&iacute; na t&#283;locvik nebo na rodinnou v&yacute;chovu. Zde se nav&iacute;c &#269;asto u&#269;&iacute;, &#382;e neexistuje jin&aacute; forma rodiny, ne&#382; je matka + otec + d&#283;ti. Zm&#283;nou perspektivy a vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute;m lid&iacute; jako rozmanit&yacute;ch lidsk&yacute;ch bytost&iacute; mohou vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute; i ostatn&iacute; dosp&#283;l&iacute; pozitivn&#283; ovlivnit to, jak d&iacute;t&#283; ch&aacute;pe sv&#283;t a jak komunikuje se sv&yacute;m okol&iacute;m. Doufejme, &#382;e v&yacute;sledkem budou lid&eacute;, kte&#345;&iacute; p&#345;ij&iacute;maj&iacute; a berou ohled na v&scaron;echny lidi bez ohledu na jejich identitu (<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> Primary Hub, n.d.). <\/span><\/p><h3><a id=\"post-6478-_Hlk130470328\"><\/a><strong>2.3.3. P&#344;&Iacute;KLADY DOBR&Eacute; PRAXE<\/strong><\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6746 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/grid_0-2.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1728\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/grid_0-2.webp 1728w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/grid_0-2-300x150.webp 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/grid_0-2-1024x512.webp 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/grid_0-2-768x384.webp 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/grid_0-2-20x10.webp 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/grid_0-2-1536x768.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1728px) 100vw, 1728px\"\/><\/p><p>Mal&eacute; zm&#283;ny maj&iacute; velk&eacute; dopady:<\/p><ul><li>Poslouchejte studuj&iacute;c&iacute;. Ptejte se a konverzujte s nimi, m&iacute;sto abyste si vytv&aacute;&#345;eli domn&#283;nky.<\/li><li>Berte v potaz, &#382;e d&iacute;t&#283; nemus&iacute; b&yacute;t heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; a\/nebo <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Osoba, jej&iacute;&#382; genderov&aacute; identita je v souladu s pohlav&iacute;m, kter&eacute; j&iacute; bylo zaps&aacute;no p&#345;i narozen&iacute;, popisuje osoby, kter&eacute; nejsou transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a>, a nep&#345;edpokl&aacute;dejte, &#382;e rodi&#269;e d&iacute;t&#283;te jsou heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; a <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Osoba, jej&iacute;&#382; genderov&aacute; identita je v souladu s pohlav&iacute;m, kter&eacute; j&iacute; bylo zaps&aacute;no p&#345;i narozen&iacute;, popisuje osoby, kter&eacute; nejsou transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a>.<\/li><li>Bu&#271;te aktivn&iacute;m spojencem a bu&#271;te p&#345;ipraveni to vyj&aacute;d&#345;it, vzd&#283;l&aacute;vejte se.<\/li><li>Dejte &#382;actvu n&aacute;vod, jak se m&#367;&#382;e vzd&#283;l&aacute;vat v <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> tematice.<\/li><li>Pokl&aacute;dejte si stejn&#283; n&aacute;ro&#269;n&eacute; ot&aacute;zky t&yacute;kaj&iacute;c&iacute; se genderu a sexuality, jak&eacute; pokl&aacute;d&aacute;te d&#283;tem.<\/li><li>Pou&#382;&iacute;vejte genderov&#283; neutr&aacute;ln&iacute; jazyk.<\/li><li>Vytvo&#345;te inkluzivn&iacute; u&#269;ebn&iacute; pl&aacute;n, do kter&eacute;ho budou zahrnuta t&eacute;mata t&yacute;kaj&iacute;c&iacute; se genderov&eacute; rozmanitosti a r&#367;zn&yacute;ch sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch orientac&iacute;.<\/li><\/ul><h3><a id=\"post-6478-_Hlk130574756\"><\/a><strong>2.3.4. REFERENCE<\/strong><\/h3><p>Bauer, G. R., Hammond, R., Travers, R., Kaay, M., Hohenadel, K. M., &amp; Boyce, M. (2009). I don&rsquo;t think this is theoretical; this is our lives: How erasure impacts health care for transgender people. The Journal of the Association of Nurses in <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AIDS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Syndrom z&iacute;skan&eacute; imunitn&iacute; nedostate&#269;nosti&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/aids\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>AIDS<\/a> Care: JANAC, 20(5), 348&ndash;361. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jana.2009.07.004\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jana.2009.07.004<\/a><\/p><p>Egale. (2019). What Constitutes Transphobic and Cisnormative Bullying and Harassment. https:\/\/www.gov.nl.ca\/education\/files\/k12_safeandcaring_pdf_transphobic_cisnormative_bullying_harassment.pdf<\/p><p>Israel, G. E., &amp; Tarver, D. E. (1997). Transgender care: Recommended guidelines, practical information, and personal accounts. Temple University Press. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/transgendercarer0000isra_b7v2\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/transgendercarer0000isra_b7v2<\/a><\/p><p><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> Primary Hub. (n.d.). Heteronormativity &amp; Cisnormativity. Retrieved 26 September 2022, from https:\/\/www.lgbtqprimaryhub.com\/heteronormativity-cisnormativity<\/p><p>Mcbride, R.-S., Neary, A., Gray, B., &amp; Lacey, V. (2020). The post-primary school experiences of transgender and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">gender<\/a> diverse youth in Ireland. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.32011.52002<\/p><p>McDermott, D. T., Brooks, A. S., Rohleder, P., Blair, K., Hoskin, R. A., &amp; McDonagh, L. K. (2018). Ameliorating transnegativity: Assessing the immediate and extended efficacy of a pedagogic prejudice reduction intervention. Psychology &amp; Sexuality, 9(1), 69&ndash;85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19419899.2018.1429487<\/p><p>Meyer, E., Tilland-Stafford, A., &amp; Airton, L. (2016). Transgender and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Gender<\/a>-Creative Students in PK&ndash;12 Schools: What We Can Learn from Their Teachers. Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education, 118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/016146811611800806<\/p><p>Miller, sj. (2016). Trans*+ing Classrooms: The Pedagogy of Refusal as Mediator for Learning. Social Sciences, 5, 34. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/socsci5030034\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/socsci5030034<\/a><\/p><p>Neary, A. (2019). Complicating constructions: Middle-class parents of transgender and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">gender<\/a>-diverse children. Journal of Family Studies, 27, 1&ndash;17. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13229400.2019.1650799\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13229400.2019.1650799<\/a><\/p><p>Steele, K., &amp; Nicholson, J. (2020). Radically listening to transgender children: Creating epistemic justice through critical reflection and resistant imaginations. (pp. xii, 179). Lexington Books\/Rowman &amp; Littlefield.<\/p><p>Ullman, J. (2016). Teacher positivity towards <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">gender<\/a> diversity: Exploring relationships and school outcomes for transgender and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">gender<\/a>-diverse students. Sex Education, 17, 1&ndash;14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14681811.2016.1273104<\/p><p>Zambon, V. (2021, February 5). What does &lsquo;transphobia&rsquo; mean? Medical News Today. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/transphobia\">https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/transphobia<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kv&#367;li cisnormativit&#283; spole&#269;nosti &#269;el&iacute; transgender d&#283;ti a ml&aacute;de&#382; cel&eacute; &#345;ad&#283; p&#345;ek&aacute;&#382;ek, obt&iacute;&#382;&iacute; a nespravedlnost&iacute;. Nerovnosti ve vzd&#283;l&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; vypl&yacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; z identity trans studuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch ovliv&#328;uj&iacute; jejich emocion&aacute;ln&iacute; a psychick&eacute; zdrav&iacute; a jejich schopnost aktivn&#283; se vzd&#283;l&aacute;vat. Zm&#283;nou perspektivy a vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute;m lid&iacute; jako rozmanit&yacute;ch lidsk&yacute;ch bytost&iacute; mohou (nejen) vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute; pozitivn&#283; ovlivnit to, jak d&iacute;t&#283; ch&aacute;pe sv&#283;t a jak [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9206,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-9236","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","no-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9236","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9236"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9236\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=9236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}