{"id":9191,"date":"2023-04-28T17:20:32","date_gmt":"2023-04-28T17:20:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/docs\/guide-for-families\/10-porn-consumption-8832\/"},"modified":"2023-05-03T09:26:57","modified_gmt":"2023-05-03T09:26:57","slug":"10-porn-consumption-8832","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/docs\/guide-for-families\/10-porn-consumption-8832\/","title":{"rendered":"10. SLEDOV\u00c1N\u00cd PORNOGRAFIE"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9191\" class=\"elementor elementor-9191 elementor-8832\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ea0a696 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ea0a696\" data-element_type=\"section\"><div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-44b0479\" data-id=\"44b0479\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1407e77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1407e77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_teen_watching_objectifying_pictures_on_their_com_ec46fae0-3db2-4e46-9ecc-fcb16f4008c5-1024x512.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8785\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_teen_watching_objectifying_pictures_on_their_com_ec46fae0-3db2-4e46-9ecc-fcb16f4008c5-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_teen_watching_objectifying_pictures_on_their_com_ec46fae0-3db2-4e46-9ecc-fcb16f4008c5-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_teen_watching_objectifying_pictures_on_their_com_ec46fae0-3db2-4e46-9ecc-fcb16f4008c5-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_teen_watching_objectifying_pictures_on_their_com_ec46fae0-3db2-4e46-9ecc-fcb16f4008c5-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_teen_watching_objectifying_pictures_on_their_com_ec46fae0-3db2-4e46-9ecc-fcb16f4008c5-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_a_teen_watching_objectifying_pictures_on_their_com_ec46fae0-3db2-4e46-9ecc-fcb16f4008c5.png 1728w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a479a5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a479a5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a323f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a323f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Dostupnost pornografie zejm&eacute;na pro mlad&eacute; lidi (ale samoz&#345;ejm&#283; i dosp&#283;l&eacute;) v&yacute;razn&#283; zv&yacute;&scaron;ily chytr&eacute; telefony a dostupnost internetu.<\/li>\n<li>P&#345;&iacute;stup mlad&yacute;ch lid&iacute; k pornografii je v mnoha p&#345;&iacute;padech dobrovoln&yacute;, ale ob&#269;as m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t i nedobrovoln&yacute;. &#268;etnost u&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie je vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; u <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> osob. <\/li>\n<li>Jedn&iacute;m z d&#367;vod&#367;, pro&#269; dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; dobrovoln&#283; vyhled&aacute;vaj&iacute; pornografii, je hled&aacute;n&iacute; informac&iacute;. Dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; toti&#382; informace o sexualit&#283; a vztaz&iacute;ch a jejich rozmanitosti nedost&aacute;vaj&iacute; nikde jinde ani od rodi&#269;&#367; ani v r&aacute;mci sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;chovy, kter&aacute; v &#345;ad&#283; &scaron;kol t&eacute;m&#283;&#345; zcela chyb&iacute;.<\/li>\n<li>Negativn&iacute; dopady, kter&eacute; m&#367;&#382;e m&iacute;t &#269;asn&eacute; u&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie na mlad&eacute; lidi, zejm&eacute;na na ty, kte&#345;&iacute; nemaj&iacute; dostate&#269;nou sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;chovu, jsou rozs&aacute;hl&eacute; a ovliv&#328;uj&iacute; mimo jin&eacute; jejich vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch vztah&#367;, vrstevnick&eacute; vztahy a tak&eacute; jejich du&scaron;evn&iacute; zdrav&iacute;.<\/li>\n<li>Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;chova v rodin&aacute;ch a ve &scaron;kol&aacute;ch je pova&#382;ov&aacute;na za nezbytnou prevenci nadu&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie nebo zm&iacute;rn&#283;n&iacute; negativn&iacute;ch &uacute;&#269;ink&#367;, kter&eacute; m&#367;&#382;e pornografie m&iacute;t.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b71ef6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b71ef6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>10.1. &Uacute;VOD<\/h3><p>Zp&#367;sob lidsk&eacute;ho existence v posledn&iacute;ch desetilet&iacute;ch zm&#283;nily dv&#283; v&yacute;znamn&eacute; ud&aacute;losti. Na jedn&eacute; stran&#283; &scaron;irok&eacute; roz&scaron;&iacute;&#345;en&iacute; internetu s rychlost&iacute;, kter&aacute; umo&#382;nila bezprobl&eacute;mov&eacute; sledov&aacute;n&iacute; videa v re&aacute;ln&eacute;m &#269;ase (d&iacute;ky 4G), na druh&eacute; stran&#283; vyn&aacute;lez chytr&yacute;ch telefon&#367; a jejich roz&scaron;&iacute;&#345;en&iacute; mezi lidmi. Staly se v&yacute;sadn&iacute;m prost&#345;edn&iacute;kem pro v&scaron;echny druhy komunikace, z&aacute;bavy, produktivity a dal&scaron;&iacute;ch &#269;innost&iacute;. Mezi tyto &#269;innosti pat&#345;&iacute; i sledov&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie, co&#382; vedlo k z&aacute;sadn&iacute; prom&#283;n&#283; tohoto typu obsahu. Pornografii lze definovat jako formu sexu&aacute;ln&#283; explicitn&iacute;ho materi&aacute;lu, kter&yacute; je prim&aacute;rn&#283; ur&#269;en k sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;mu vzru&scaron;en&iacute; (Paton, 2013).<\/p><p>V tomto smyslu bychom mohli rozli&scaron;ovat dva typy pornografie. Z&aacute;kladem tradi&#269;n&iacute; pornografie byly ti&scaron;t&#283;n&eacute; obr&aacute;zky nebo filmy, kter&eacute; distribuovali p&#345;edev&scaron;&iacute;m distributo&#345;i &#269;asopis&#367;. &#268;asopisy a filmy se prod&aacute;valy v sexshopech nebo v jin&yacute;ch obchodech se zbo&#382;&iacute;m (zejm&eacute;na tiskem a videem), tak&eacute; se p&#367;j&#269;ovaly v sekc&iacute;ch pro dosp&#283;l&eacute; ve videop&#367;j&#269;ovn&aacute;ch. Obt&iacute;&#382;n&yacute; p&#345;&iacute;stup k nim, stejn&#283; jako jejich cena a neanonymita kupuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch, omezovaly jejich dopad zejm&eacute;na na mlad&eacute; lidi i na dosp&#283;l&eacute; obecn&#283;. Online pornografie p&#345;ekon&aacute;v&aacute; mnoh&aacute; ze zji&scaron;t&#283;n&yacute;ch omezen&iacute; a zav&aacute;d&iacute; zm&#283;ny ve &#269;ty&#345;ech konkr&eacute;tn&iacute;ch oblastech: 1) zlep&scaron;en&iacute; kvality obrazu, 2) cenov&aacute; dostupnost, proto&#382;e velk&aacute; &#269;&aacute;st z nich je zdarma, 3) rozmanitost s t&eacute;m&#283;&#345; neomezenou nab&iacute;dkou a 4) interakce (od prost&eacute;ho sledov&aacute;n&iacute; vide&iacute; a&#382; po kontakt s lidmi prost&#345;ednictv&iacute;m port&aacute;l&#367;, jako je <strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Onlyfans&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Slu&#382;ba p&#345;edplatn&eacute;ho internetov&eacute;ho obsahu se s&iacute;dlem v Lond&yacute;n&#283; ve Spojen&eacute;m kr&aacute;lovstv&iacute;. Slu&#382;bu vyu&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; p&#345;edev&scaron;&iacute;m sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; pracovnice, kter&eacute; produkuj&iacute; pornografii, ale hostuje tak&eacute; pr&aacute;ci dal&scaron;&iacute;ch tv&#367;rc&#367; obsahu, nap&#345;&iacute;klad odborn&iacute;k&#367; na fyzickou kondici a hudebn&iacute;k&#367;. Tv&#367;rci obsahu mohou vyd&#283;l&aacute;vat pen&iacute;ze od u&#382;ivatel&#367;, kte&#345;&iacute; si p&#345;edplat&iacute; jejich obsah (&amp;quot;fanou&scaron;ci&amp;quot;). Autor&#367;m obsahu to umo&#382;&#328;uje z&iacute;sk&aacute;vat finan&#269;n&iacute; prost&#345;edky p&#345;&iacute;mo od sv&yacute;ch fanou&scaron;k&#367; na m&#283;s&iacute;&#269;n&iacute; b&aacute;zi stejn&#283; jako jednor&aacute;zov&eacute; spropitn&eacute; a funkci pay-per-view.   &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/onlyfans\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Onlyfans<\/a><\/strong>).<\/p><p>Online forma pornografie usnadnila mlad&yacute;m lidem a dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;m p&#345;&iacute;stup k jej&iacute;mu obsahu, a to nav&iacute;c ve st&aacute;le ni&#382;&scaron;&iacute;m v&#283;ku. Studie proveden&aacute; mezi americkou ml&aacute;de&#382;&iacute; ve v&#283;ku 10-17 let zjistila, &#382;e 42 % z nich bylo v p&#345;edchoz&iacute;m roce vystaveno online pornografii a 34 % z t&#283;ch, kte&#345;&iacute; byli pornografii vystaveni, si cht&#283;lo pornografii prohl&iacute;&#382;et (Wolak, Mitchell &amp; Finkelhor, 2007). Podobn&eacute; &uacute;daje p&#345;inesly i dal&scaron;&iacute; v&yacute;zkumy. V t&eacute;to souvislosti si rodiny kladou ot&aacute;zku, do jak&eacute; m&iacute;ry m&#367;&#382;e u&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie v ran&eacute;m v&#283;ku ovlivnit jejich d&#283;ti a jak mohou tuto problematiku se sv&yacute;mi d&#283;tmi nejl&eacute;pe &#345;e&scaron;it. Na n&aacute;rodn&iacute; &uacute;rovni je tak&eacute; diskutov&aacute;na role &scaron;kol v sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;chov&#283; mlad&yacute;ch lid&iacute;, p&#345;i&#269;em&#382; v r&#367;zn&yacute;ch zem&iacute;ch jsou p&#345;ij&iacute;m&aacute;na r&#367;zn&aacute; opat&#345;en&iacute;.<\/p><p>Ve &scaron;kol&aacute;ch v zem&iacute;ch, jako je &Scaron;v&eacute;dsko, Belgie, Rakousko, Nizozemsko a Estonsko, je poskytov&aacute;na sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;chova t&yacute;kaj&iacute;c&iacute; se fyzick&yacute;ch, kognitivn&iacute;ch, emocion&aacute;ln&iacute;ch, soci&aacute;ln&iacute;ch a interaktivn&iacute;ch aspekt&#367; sexuality, kter&aacute; za&#269;&iacute;n&aacute; v ran&eacute;m d&#283;tstv&iacute; a pokra&#269;uje a&#382; do dosp&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; (Ketting &amp; Ivanova, 2018). V d&#367;sledku toho v t&#283;chto zem&iacute;ch 76 % a&#382; 93 % mlad&yacute;ch lid&iacute; uv&aacute;d&iacute;, &#382;e za zdroj informac&iacute; o sexualit&#283; pova&#382;uj&iacute; &scaron;kolu. Pouze 0,2 % a&#382; 3,4 % pova&#382;uje za hlavn&iacute; zdroj informac&iacute; o sexu pornografii (Ketting &amp; Ivanova, 2018).<\/p><p>Ve Spojen&yacute;ch st&aacute;tech v&scaron;ak &scaron;koly zauj&iacute;maj&iacute; jin&yacute; p&#345;&iacute;stup. V roce 2020 39 z 50 americk&yacute;ch st&aacute;t&#367; na&#345;&iacute;dilo ve &scaron;kol&aacute;ch v&yacute;uku o sexu a <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Virus lidsk&eacute;ho imunodeficitu&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a>, ale pouze 17 st&aacute;t&#367; vy&#382;adovalo, aby sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;chova byla l&eacute;ka&#345;sky p&#345;esn&aacute;, d&aacute;le 19 st&aacute;t&#367; vy&#382;adovalo, aby se mlad&iacute; lid&eacute; u&#269;ili represivn&iacute; sd&#283;len&iacute;, nap&#345;&iacute;klad &#382;e partnersk&aacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; aktivita je vhodn&aacute; pouze v man&#382;elstv&iacute; (Guttmacher Institute, 2020). Nen&iacute; proto p&#345;ekvapiv&eacute;, &#382;e mnoho mlad&yacute;ch Ameri&#269;an&#367; hled&aacute; informace o sexu z jin&yacute;ch zdroj&#367; ne&#382; ze &scaron;koly, v&#269;etn&#283; pornografie.<\/p><p>Z v&yacute;zkum&#367; vypl&yacute;v&aacute; tak&eacute; to, &#382;e LGTBQ+ osoby vykazuj&iacute; vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; frekvenci konzumace pornografie ve srovn&aacute;n&iacute; s ostatn&iacute;mi. Lze p&#345;edpokl&aacute;dat, &#382;e mezi <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;mi lze pozorovat vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; m&iacute;ru celo&#382;ivotn&iacute; prevalence u&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie ne&#382; mezi ostatn&iacute;mi dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;mi (zejm&eacute;na mezi <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> chlapci) (Luder et al., 2011; Mattebo, Tyd&eacute;n, H&auml;ggstr&ouml;m-Nordin, Nilsson, &amp; Larsson, 2016) pravd&#283;podobn&#283; kv&#367;li vyhled&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; informac&iacute; a u&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie souvisej&iacute;c&iacute; se sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; identitou (Arrington-Sanders et al., 2015; Bradford et al., 2019; Vandenbosch &amp; van Oosten, 2018). Zd&aacute; se, &#382;e toto vyhled&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; informac&iacute;, kter&eacute; je p&#345;&iacute;tomno tak&eacute; u heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch lid&iacute;, se ve v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute; m&iacute;&#345;e vyskytuje u LGTBQ+ ml&aacute;de&#382;e.<\/p><h3>10.2. ZPRACOV&Aacute;N&Iacute; T&Eacute;MATIKY<\/h3><h4><strong>10.2.1. &Uacute;&#269;inky u&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie u mlad&yacute;ch lid&iacute;<\/strong><\/h4><p>Dopady &#269;asn&eacute;ho p&#345;&iacute;stupu k pornografii na dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; jsou r&#367;zn&eacute;. Na jedn&eacute; stran&#283; n&#283;kter&eacute; studie ukazuj&iacute;, &#382;e u&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie je spojeno s &#269;ast&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;m sexu&aacute;ln&#283; rizikov&yacute;m chov&aacute;n&iacute;m a v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute;m po&#269;tem sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch partner&#367;\/partnerek (Harkness, Mullan a Blaszczynski, 2015; Morgan, 2011) stejn&#283; jako se zv&yacute;&scaron;enou pravd&#283;podobnost&iacute; sexu bez kondomu u mu&#382;&#367;, kte&#345;&iacute; maj&iacute; sex s mu&#382;i (nap&#345;. Schrimshaw, Antebi-Gruszka a Downing, 2016). V longitudin&aacute;ln&iacute; studii zkoumaj&iacute;c&iacute; vliv u&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie na rizikov&eacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jde o chov&aacute;n&iacute; jednotlivce, kter&eacute; m&#367;&#382;e, ale nemus&iacute;, b&yacute;t v souladu s jeho sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientac&iacute; a identitou.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-chovani\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;<\/a> (Peter &amp; Valkenburg, 2011) v&scaron;ak u&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie nebylo v pr&#367;b&#283;hu &#269;asu spojeno s rizikov&yacute;m sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m chov&aacute;n&iacute;m dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;ch a <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje trvalou formu citov&eacute;, romantick&eacute; a\/nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti k mu&#382;&#367;m, &#382;en&aacute;m nebo k ob&#283;ma pohlav&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-orientace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/a> nem&#283;la na tuto souvislost vliv.<\/p><p>Krom&#283; toho byly tak&eacute; zji&scaron;t&#283;ny souvislosti sledov&aacute;n&iacute; porna a sn&iacute;&#382;en&eacute;ho sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho uspokojen&iacute; a tendence k chov&aacute;n&iacute; pozorovan&eacute;mu v pornografick&yacute;ch sc&eacute;n&aacute;ch &ndash; se zkreslen&iacute;m obrazu &#382;en (Knudsen, L&ouml;fgren-M&aring;rtenson a M&aring;nsson, 2007) &ndash; zv&yacute;&scaron;en&eacute; rizikov&eacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute; souvisej&iacute;c&iacute; se sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m a reproduk&#269;n&iacute;m zdrav&iacute;m (jako je nepou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; kondom&#367; v heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch i homosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch vztaz&iacute;ch) (nap&#345;. Wingood, DiClemente, Harrington, Davies a Hook, 2001), zv&yacute;&scaron;en&aacute; pravd&#283;podobnost sp&aacute;ch&aacute;n&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho &uacute;toku, z&aacute;vislost na konzumaci pornografick&eacute;ho materi&aacute;lu (nap&#345;. Wright a Bae, 2016), a to dokonce i v souvislosti mezi sledov&aacute;n&iacute;m pornografie a probl&eacute;my s du&scaron;evn&iacute;m zdrav&iacute;m (Lim, Carrotte a Hellard, 2015).<\/p><p>Dal&scaron;&iacute;ch nejm&eacute;n&#283; p&#283;t r&#367;zn&yacute;ch longitudin&aacute;ln&iacute;ch studi&iacute;ch zjistilo, &#382;e u&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie je spojeno se sn&iacute;&#382;en&iacute;m studijn&iacute;ch v&yacute;sledk&#367; u mu&#382;&#367; (Beyens, Vandenbosch &amp; Eggermont, 2015), zv&yacute;&scaron;enou pravd&#283;podobnost&iacute; p&#345;ed&#269;asn&eacute;ho pohlavn&iacute;ho styku a dal&scaron;&iacute;ho sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho chov&aacute;n&iacute; (nap&#345;. Brown &amp; L&rsquo;Engle, 2009). A&#269;koliv zji&scaron;t&#283;n&eacute; &uacute;&#269;inky jsou spole&#269;n&eacute; bez ohledu na <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">gender<\/a>, d&#367;kazy ukazuj&iacute;, &#382;e dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; chlapci p&#345;ich&aacute;zej&iacute; &#269;ast&#283;ji do styku s pornografi&iacute;, jsou j&iacute; tak&eacute; vystaveni v mlad&scaron;&iacute;m v&#283;ku ne&#382; d&iacute;vky, prohl&iacute;&#382;ej&iacute; si extr&eacute;mn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; obr&aacute;zky (Sabina, Wolak &amp; Finkelhor, 2008) a &#269;ast&#283;ji se zapojuj&iacute; do situac&iacute; spojen&yacute;ch se sextingem (nap&#345;. Stanley et al., 2016). Neexistuj&iacute; &#382;&aacute;dn&eacute; studie vyu&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; vzorky LGTBQ+, kter&eacute; by zkoumaly, zda existuj&iacute; rozd&iacute;ly v t&#283;chto faktorech na z&aacute;klad&#283; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje trvalou formu citov&eacute;, romantick&eacute; a\/nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti k mu&#382;&#367;m, &#382;en&aacute;m nebo k ob&#283;ma pohlav&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-orientace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/a>.<\/p><p>Jedn&iacute;m z d&#367;vod&#367;, kter&eacute; vedou chlapce k vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; m&iacute;&#345;e sledov&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie, mohou b&yacute;t v&yacute;vojov&eacute; pot&#345;eby ur&#269;en&eacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;mi pudy, jako je sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; vzru&scaron;en&iacute; a n&aacute;stup <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Masturbace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o manipulaci s vlastn&iacute;mi pohlavn&iacute;mi org&aacute;ny, obvykle penisem nebo klitorisem, za &uacute;&#269;elem sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho uspokojen&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/masturbace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">masturbace<\/a>, kter&eacute; jsou p&#345;&iacute;mo ovlivn&#283;ny androgeny (Wierckx et al., 2011). Naopak d&iacute;vky maj&iacute; tendenci vyhled&aacute;vat pornografii v kontextu romantick&yacute;ch vztah&#367; (&Scaron;ev&#269;&iacute;kov&aacute;, &amp; Daneback, 2014) a nej&#269;ast&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;m d&#367;vodem vyhled&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie je zv&#283;davost (Wallmyr, &amp; Welin, 2006).<\/p><h4><strong>10.2.2. Nej&#269;ast&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; m&yacute;ty<\/strong><\/h4><p>Sledov&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie v mlad&eacute;m v&#283;ku je &#269;asto spojeno s mal&yacute;mi zku&scaron;enostmi a znalostmi. V d&#367;sledku toho m&#367;&#382;e &#345;ada m&yacute;t&#367; z pornografie ovlivnit p&#345;edstavu o sexu, vztaz&iacute;ch a dokonce i vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; vlastn&iacute;ho obrazu.<\/p><p>Nej&#269;ast&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;mi m&yacute;ty jsou:<\/p><ol><li>Nebezpe&#269;n&eacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; praktiky, kdy nikdo nepou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute; kondomy.<\/li><li>P&#345;edstava o t&#283;le, &#382;e sexy &#382;ena je &scaron;t&iacute;hl&aacute; a m&aacute; k&#345;ivky.<\/li><li>P&#345;edstava o t&#283;le, &#382;e dobr&yacute; partner m&aacute; velk&yacute; penis.<\/li><li>Kdokoliv je na sex p&#345;ipraven&yacute; b&#283;hem n&#283;kolika sekund.<\/li><li>&#268;&iacute;m d&eacute;le sex trv&aacute;, t&iacute;m je to lep&scaron;&iacute;.<\/li><li>K sexu se pou&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; pouze genit&aacute;lie.<\/li><li>Sexem se rozum&iacute; pouze penetrace.<\/li><li>P&#345;i sexu se nemluv&iacute;.<\/li><li>Sex v&#382;dy kon&#269;&iacute; (sou&#269;asn&yacute;m) orgasmem nebo mu&#382;skou ejakulac&iacute;.<\/li><\/ol><h4><strong>10.2.3. Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;chova<\/strong><\/h4><p>Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; vzd&#283;l&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; ze strany rodi&#269;&#367; a &scaron;kol m&aacute; pozitivn&iacute; vliv na chov&aacute;n&iacute; mlad&yacute;ch lid&iacute;, kte&#345;&iacute; pornografii sleduj&iacute; v ran&eacute;m v&#283;ku, a mimo jin&eacute; sni&#382;uje vliv m&yacute;t&#367; na v&yacute;voj sexuality dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;ch. Dal&scaron;&iacute;m v&yacute;sledkem studi&iacute; bylo zji&scaron;t&#283;n&iacute;, &#382;e pokud dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; uvedli, &#382;e se sv&yacute;mi rodi&#269;i ned&aacute;vno vedli u&#382;ite&#269;n&yacute; rozhovor o sexu, je m&eacute;n&#283; pravd&#283;podobn&eacute;, &#382;e budou uv&aacute;d&#283;t sledov&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie jako u&#382;ite&#269;n&yacute; zdroj informac&iacute; o tom jak m&iacute;t v budoucnu sex. Z&aacute;rove&#328;, pokud dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; v posledn&iacute;m roce s rodi&#269;i mluvili o sexu, se o polovinu sn&iacute;&#382;ila &#269;etnost odpov&#283;d&iacute;, &#382;e pornografie je neju&#382;ite&#269;n&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;m zdrojem informac&iacute; o tom, jak m&iacute;t sex. Pokud rodi&#269;e naposledy hovo&#345;ili o sexu p&#345;ed v&iacute;ce ne&#382; rokem, procento dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;ch, kte&#345;&iacute; vn&iacute;mali pornografii jako neju&#382;ite&#269;n&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; zdroj informac&iacute; o tom jak m&iacute;t sex, se zdvojn&aacute;sobilo (Andrie, Sakou, Tzavela, Richardson, &amp; Tsitsika, 2021).<\/p><p>N&#283;kter&eacute; rodiny se sna&#382;&iacute; odd&aacute;lit p&#345;&iacute;stup k pornografii prost&#345;ednictv&iacute;m restriktivn&iacute;ch opat&#345;en&iacute;, jako je nastavov&aacute;n&iacute; filtr&#367;, rodi&#269;ovsk&aacute; kontrola nebo z&aacute;kaz p&#345;&iacute;stupu na ur&#269;it&eacute; weby do za&#345;&iacute;zen&iacute; sv&yacute;ch d&#283;t&iacute;. Tato opat&#345;en&iacute; se v&scaron;ak neuk&aacute;zala jako &uacute;&#269;inn&aacute;, pokud nejsou doprov&aacute;zena odpov&iacute;daj&iacute;c&iacute;mi informacemi o tom, co je pornografie. Ve skute&#269;nosti je v mnoha p&#345;&iacute;padech &uacute;&#269;inek samotn&eacute;ho pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; omezuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch opat&#345;en&iacute; &#269;asto opa&#269;n&yacute;. D&#283;ti\/dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; maj&iacute; p&#345;&iacute;stup k pornografii prost&#345;ednictv&iacute;m za&#345;&iacute;zen&iacute; ostatn&iacute;ch d&#283;t&iacute; bez takov&yacute;ch filtr&#367; nebo prost&#345;ednictv&iacute;m chytr&yacute;ch telefon&#367; rodi&#269;&#367;. Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;chova je proto v tomto ohledu nezbytn&aacute;.<\/p><p>Jeden z pohled&#367;, kter&yacute; se v sou&#269;asn&eacute; dob&#283; v r&aacute;mci sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;chovy prosazuje, se naz&yacute;v&aacute; pornografick&aacute; gramotnost. Pornogramotnost je definov&aacute;na jako &bdquo;r&aacute;mec, na jeho&#382; z&aacute;klad&#283; mohou mlad&iacute; lid&eacute; kriticky zkoumat a ch&aacute;pat sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; obrazy, kter&eacute; vid&iacute;&ldquo; (Hutchings, 2017, s. 292). Uk&aacute;zalo se, &#382;e ml&aacute;de&#382;, kter&aacute; si osvoj&iacute; dovednosti v oblasti medi&aacute;ln&iacute; gramotnosti, m&aacute; v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute; schopnost analyzovat medi&aacute;ln&iacute; sd&#283;len&iacute; a z&aacute;m&#283;ry, kter&eacute; se skr&yacute;vaj&iacute; za jejich prezentac&iacute;, ne&#382; ml&aacute;de&#382;, kter&aacute; si tyto dovednosti neosvoj&iacute; (Austin et al., 2006). Je z&#345;ejm&eacute;, &#382;e je t&#345;eba podporovat dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;, aby si osvojili kompetenci rozli&scaron;ovat pozitivn&iacute; a negativn&iacute; modely sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho zdrav&iacute; a vztah&#367; od pornografie, kterou sleduj&iacute;. Zd&aacute; se, &#382;e pornografick&aacute; gramotnost je v tomto ohledu u&#382;ite&#269;n&aacute; k tomu, aby byla vybavena dostate&#269;n&yacute;mi dovednostmi.<\/p><h3><i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-right\"><\/i> &ndash; 10.3. DISKRIMINA&#268;N&Iacute; SITUACE K T&Eacute;MATU <i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-left\"><\/i><\/h3><ol><li>Rodi&#269;e zjist&iacute;, &#382;e se jejich d&iacute;t&#283; d&iacute;v&aacute; na pornografii. Ihned mu za to vynadaj&iacute; a zak&aacute;&#382;ou mu po zbytek dne pou&#382;&iacute;vat mobiln&iacute; telefon (ne&#382;&aacute;douc&iacute; reakce). <u>Doporu&#269;en&aacute; reakce:<\/u> Promluvte si s d&iacute;t&#283;tem a &#345;e&scaron;te jeho z&aacute;jmy a obavy co nejv&iacute;ce autenticky a p&#345;irozen&#283;. Sna&#382;te se pochopit, pro&#269; sledovalo pornografii, a nasm&#283;rujte ho ke spolehliv&yacute;m zdroj&#367;m. Promluvte si s n&iacute;m o tom, zda pot&#345;ebuje n&#283;jakou pomoc nebo informace.<\/li><li>Jeden rodi&#269; &#345;ekne druh&eacute;mu, &#382;e do mobiln&iacute;ho telefonu sv&eacute;ho d&iacute;t&#283;te nainstaloval superfiltr, kter&yacute; zabra&#328;uje p&#345;&iacute;stupu k pornografii. Filtr neovliv&#328;uje pouze p&#345;&iacute;stup k pornografii, ale tak&eacute; k jin&eacute;mu m&eacute;n&#283; &bdquo;intimn&iacute;mu&ldquo; vyhled&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;, tak&#382;e jejich d&iacute;t&#283; mus&iacute; vyhled&aacute;vat z mobil&#367; jin&yacute;ch kamar&aacute;d&#367;. Tento typ opat&#345;en&iacute; se s&aacute;m o sob&#283; nedoporu&#269;uje, proto&#382;e v p&#345;&iacute;pad&#283;, &#382;e by takov&eacute; opat&#345;en&iacute; bylo &uacute;&#269;inn&eacute;, by se pravd&#283;podobn&#283; dos&aacute;hlo pouze toho, &#382;e by se nezjistilo, kde d&iacute;t&#283; pornografii sleduje. Rodi&#269; pravd&#283;podobn&#283; nut&iacute; sv&eacute; dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; d&iacute;t&#283; k rizikov&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;m praktik&aacute;m, jako je sledov&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie na ve&#345;ejn&yacute;ch po&#269;&iacute;ta&#269;&iacute;ch (ve vzd&#283;l&aacute;vac&iacute;ch nebo kulturn&iacute;ch centech), sledov&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie s kamar&aacute;dy, z&iacute;sk&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; dal&scaron;&iacute;ch za&#345;&iacute;zen&iacute; tajn&#283; atd. <u>Doporu&#269;en&eacute; opat&#345;en&iacute;:<\/u>: Pokud jsou d&#283;ti dostate&#269;n&#283; star&eacute; na pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; technologi&iacute;, doporu&#269;ujeme je vzd&#283;l&aacute;vat v pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; technologi&iacute; a nikoliv jim je zakazovat. (Colom &amp; Ballester, 2016). Vzd&#283;l&aacute;vejte je tak&eacute; v tom, co je to pornografie a k &#269;emu slou&#382;&iacute;.<\/li><li>Rodi&#269;e &#345;eknou d&iacute;t&#283;ti n&aacute;sleduj&iacute;c&iacute;: &bdquo;Pornografie je po&#345;&aacute;d stejn&aacute;, nudn&aacute;. Nestoj&iacute; za to, aby ses na takov&yacute; obsah d&iacute;val. Pokud to ud&#283;l&aacute;&scaron;, potrest&aacute;m t&#283;&ldquo;. <u>Doporu&#269;en&eacute; opat&#345;en&iacute;:<\/u> Kdy&#382; najdete sv&eacute; d&iacute;t&#283;, jak sleduje porno, takov&eacute; v&#283;ci mu ne&#345;&iacute;kejte. Nen&iacute; to vhodn&eacute;, proto&#382;e dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; a mlad&iacute; lid&eacute; maj&iacute; obvykle zcela jin&eacute; zku&scaron;enosti s pornografi&iacute;, kter&aacute; m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t i velmi pestr&aacute; a rozmanit&aacute;, ukazovat velmi r&#367;znorod&eacute; praktiky, reagovat na v&scaron;echny jejich po&#382;adavky a nab&iacute;zet jim mnoho mo&#382;nost&iacute;. Pro pochopen&iacute;, pro&#269; dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; tr&aacute;v&iacute; tolik &#269;asu sledov&aacute;n&iacute;m porna, je d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute; pochopit i rozmanitost, kterou n&#283;kter&eacute; porno p&#345;in&aacute;&scaron;&iacute;.<\/li><\/ol><h3>10.4. P&#344;&Iacute;KLADY DOBR&Eacute; PRAXE<\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8532 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1728\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png 1728w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1536x768.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1728px) 100vw, 1728px\"\/><\/p><p>Pokud v&aacute;m vad&iacute;, &#382;e se va&scaron;e d&#283;ti d&iacute;vaj&iacute; na porno, &#345;e&scaron;en&iacute;m nen&iacute; z&aacute;kaz internetu, ale sp&iacute;&scaron;e tr&eacute;nov&aacute;n&iacute; vhodn&eacute;ho pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; internetu a nov&yacute;ch technologi&iacute;. Takov&aacute; jsou doporu&#269;en&iacute; v r&aacute;mci vzd&#283;l&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; o sexu a intimit&#283; (Kornblit, &amp; Sustas, 2014). Nikoliv cenzura, ale budov&aacute;n&iacute; schopnosti kriticky porozum&#283;t tomu, co pornografie znamen&aacute;, a zab&yacute;vat se fenom&eacute;nem pornografie z hlediska zr&aacute;n&iacute; mezilidsk&yacute;ch vztah&#367;. N&#283;kdy se d&#283;ti ve v&#283;ku od sedmi do jeden&aacute;cti let odv&aacute;&#382;&iacute; kl&aacute;st ot&aacute;zky, ale pokud se dosp&#283;l&iacute; (rodi&#269;e, star&scaron;&iacute; sourozenci, vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute;) vyh&yacute;baj&iacute; rozhovor&#367;m o sexualit&#283; a d&#283;ti se nec&iacute;t&iacute; b&yacute;t vysly&scaron;eny, budou hledat odpov&#283;di na internetu nebo u sv&yacute;ch vrstevn&iacute;k&#367;\/vrstevnic, kte&#345;&iacute; jim pravd&#283;podobn&#283; nakonec doporu&#269;&iacute;, aby se pod&iacute;valy na internet (Gathem, 2015).<\/p><p>Do procesu vzd&#283;l&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; v oblasti sexuality mus&iacute; b&yacute;t zapojena cel&aacute; spole&#269;nost, ale zejm&eacute;na zdravotnick&eacute; a vzd&#283;l&aacute;vac&iacute; slu&#382;by a p&#345;edev&scaron;&iacute;m rodiny. Vztahy v rodin&#283; a s p&#345;&aacute;teli jsou kl&iacute;&#269;ov&eacute; pro v&yacute;voj &#382;ivotn&iacute;ho stylu dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;ch a jejich soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a emocion&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;voj. Rodi&#269;ovsk&yacute; styl a typ komunikace v rodin&#283; ovliv&#328;uj&iacute; typ spot&#345;eby a dopad internetu na dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;. Pozitivn&iacute; vztahy uvnit&#345; rodiny sni&#382;uj&iacute; pravd&#283;podobnost problematick&eacute;ho chov&aacute;n&iacute; na internetu (nap&#345;. Ispa et al., 2013; Jim&eacute;nez, &amp; Garc&iacute;a, 2013; Wisenblit, Priluck &amp; Pirog, 2013).<\/p><p>Na internetu jsou k dispozici zaj&iacute;mav&eacute; zdroje, kter&eacute; mohou rodiny a vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute; vyu&#382;&iacute;t, aby zjistili jak p&#345;istupovat k sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;chov&#283; d&#283;t&iacute; v z&aacute;vislosti na jejich v&#283;ku. Doporu&#269;ujeme nap&#345;&iacute;klad p&#345;&iacute;stup na str&aacute;nky <a href=\"https:\/\/thepornconversation.org\/\">https:\/\/thepornconversation.org\/<\/a> (co&#382; je neziskov&yacute; projekt Eriky Lust, kter&yacute; nab&iacute;z&iacute; bezplatn&eacute; a snadno dostupn&eacute; n&aacute;stroje pro rodiny a vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute; jak s mlad&yacute;mi lidmi mluvit o sexu &ndash; po&#269;&iacute;naje t&eacute;matem pornografick&eacute; gramotnosti) nebo <a href=\"https:\/\/saferinternet.org.uk\/online-issue\/pornography%20\">https:\/\/saferinternet.org.uk\/online-issue\/pornography<\/a>(webov&eacute; str&aacute;nky, kter&eacute; poskytuj&iacute; informace pro rodi&#269;e a vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute; v ot&aacute;zk&aacute;ch souvisej&iacute;c&iacute;ch se sexualitou, v&#269;etn&#283; pornografie, kter&eacute; jim mohou pomoci mluvit s d&#283;tmi a dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;mi o t&#283;chto ot&aacute;zk&aacute;ch a v kone&#269;n&eacute;m d&#367;sledku jim pomoci rozv&iacute;jet zdrav&eacute; a pozitivn&iacute; postoje k sexu, vztah&#367;m a vlastn&iacute;mu t&#283;lu).<\/p><h3>10.5. REFERENCE<\/h3><p>Andrie, E. K., Sakou, I. I., Tzavela, E. C., Richardson, C., &amp; Tsitsika, A. K. (2021). Adolescents&rsquo; Online Pornography Exposure and Its Relationship to Sociodemographic and Psychopathological Correlates: A Cross-Sectional Study in Six European Countries. <em>Children, 8<\/em>, 925.<\/p><p>Arrington-Sanders, R., Harper, G. W., Morgan, A., Ogunbajo, A., Trent, M., &amp; Fortenberry, J. D. (2015). The role of sexually explicit material in the sexual development of same-sex-attracted black adolescent males. <em>The Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44<\/em>, 597&ndash;608.<\/p><p>Austin, E. W., Pinkleton, B. E., &amp; Johnson, J. Q. (2006). Benefits and costs of Channel One in a middle school setting and the role of media-literacy training. <em>Pediatrics, 117<\/em>, e423&ndash;e433. doi:10.1542\/peds.2005-0953<\/p><p>Beyens, I., Vandenbosch, L., &amp; Eggermont, S. (2015). Early adolescent boys&rsquo; exposure to Internet pornography: relationships to pubertal timing, sensation seeking, and academic performance. J <em>Early Adolesc, 35<\/em>, 1045&ndash;1068.<\/p><p>Bradford, N. J., De Witt, J., Decker, J., Berg, D. R., Spencer, K. G., &amp; Ross, M. W. (2019). Sex education and transgender youth: trust means material by and for <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Queer&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;&iacute;davn&eacute; jm&eacute;no pou&#382;&iacute;van&eacute; n&#283;kter&yacute;mi lidmi, jejich&#382; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace nen&iacute; v&yacute;hradn&#283; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; nebo heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;. Tento zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; term&iacute;n zahrnuje lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; maj&iacute; nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;, genderov&#283; fluidn&iacute; nebo genderov&#283; nekonformn&iacute; identitu. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/queer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">queer<\/a> and trans people. <em>Sex Education Research, 19<\/em>, 84&ndash;98.<\/p><p>Brown, J., &amp; L&rsquo;Engle, K. (2009) X-rated sexual attitudes and behaviours associated with US early adolescents&rsquo; exposure to sexually explicit media. <em>Commun Res, 36,<\/em>129&ndash;151.<\/p><p>Brown, J. D, L&rsquo;Engle, K. L., Pardun, C. J, Guo, G., Kenneavy, K., &amp; Jackson, C. (2006). Sexy media matter: Exposure to sexual content in music, movies, television, and magazines predicts Black and White adolescents&rsquo; sexual behaviour. <em>Pediatr, 117<\/em>, 1018&ndash;1027.<\/p><p>Gathem, K. Von Der (2015). <em>Cu&eacute;ntamelo todo<\/em>. Barcelona: Takatuka.<\/p><p>Guttmacher Institute. (2020). Sex and <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Virus lidsk&eacute;ho imunodeficitu&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> education. Guttmacher Institute. Retrieved April 25 from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/state-policy\/explore\/sex-and-hiv-education?gclid=CjwKCAjwv41BRAhEiwAtMDLsjjEJeUPqmKeutsIUjf06DDILUmW2j0hDXgImmlpbw3UZ1mgfe_S7xoCm8cQAvD_BwE\">https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/state-policy\/explore\/sex-and-hiv-education?gclid=CjwKCAjwv41BRAhEiwAtMDLsjjEJeUPqmKeutsIUjf06DDILUmW2j0hDXgImmlpbw3UZ1mgfe_S7xoCm8cQAvD_BwE<\/a><\/p><p>Harkness, E. L., Mullan, B., &amp; Blaszczynski, A. (2015). Association between pornography use and sexual risk behaviours in adult consumers. <em>Cyberpsychology, Behaviour, and Social Networking, 18<\/em>, 59&ndash;71.<\/p><p>Hutchings, N. (2017). Porn literacy: Raising sexually intelligent young people. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 14, e292. doi:10.1016\/j.jsxm.2017.04.405<\/p><p>Ispa, J. M., Csizmadia, A., Rudy, D., Fine, M. A., Krull, J. L., Bradley, R. H. &amp; Cabrera, N. (2013). Patterns of maternal directiveness by ethnicity among Early Head Start research participants. <em>Parenting, 13<\/em>(1), 58-75.<\/p><p>Jim&eacute;nez, A. G., De-Ayala-L&oacute;pez, M. C.&amp; Garc&iacute;a, B. C. (2013). H&aacute;bitos de uso en Internet y en las redes sociales de los adolescentes espa&ntilde;oles. Comunicar, 41(21), 195-204<\/p><p>Ketting, E., &amp; Ivanova, O. (2018). Sexuality education in Europe and Central Asia: State of the <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;ART&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Antiretrovirov&aacute; l&eacute;&#269;ba&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/art\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>art<\/a> and recent developments. Retrieved April 25 from https:\/\/www.ippfe n.org\/sites\/ippfe n\/files\/2018-05\/Comprehensive%20Country%20Report%20on%20CSE%20in%20Europe%20and%20Central%20Asi a_0.pdf<\/p><p>Kornblit, A. L. &amp; Sustas, S. (2014). La sexualidad va a la escuela. Buenos Aires: Edit. Biblos<\/p><p>Knudsen, S. V., L&ouml;fgren-M&aring;rtenson, L., &amp; M&aring;nsson, S. A. (2007). Generaci&oacute;n P: youth, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">gender<\/a> and pornography. Aarhus, Dinamarca Aarhus Univ. 2007.<\/p><p>Lim, M. S. C., Carrotte, E. R., &amp; Hellard, M. E. (2015). The impact of pornography on <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">gender<\/a>-based violence, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexual health&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o zna&#269;n&#283; komplexn&iacute; stav pohody a zahrnuje v&iacute;ce ne&#382; jen nep&#345;&iacute;tomnost pohlavn&#283; p&#345;enosn&yacute;ch chorob nebo nemoc&iacute; STD. Dle WHO diskuze o sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m zdrav&iacute; vy&#382;aduje pozitivn&iacute; a respektuj&iacute;c&iacute; p&#345;&iacute;stup, kter&yacute; umo&#382;&#328;uje sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; interakce a p&#345;&iacute;jemn&eacute; z&aacute;&#382;itky, je&#382; jsou bezpe&#269;n&eacute; a bez n&aacute;tlaku, diskriminace a n&aacute;sil&iacute;. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexual-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexual health<\/a> and well-being: what do we know? <em>J Epidemiol Community Heal,<\/em> 70 (1), 3 &ndash; 5.<\/p><p>Luder, M. T., Pittet, I., Berchtold, A., Akr&eacute;, C., Michaud, P. A., &amp; Sur&iacute;s, J. C. (2011). Associations between online pornography and sexual behavior among adolescents: myth or reality? <em>The Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40<\/em>, 1027&ndash;1035.<\/p><p>Mattebo, M., Tyd&eacute;n, T., <a id=\"post-6371-_Hlk118031676\"><\/a>H&auml;ggstr&ouml;m-Nordin, E., Nilsson, K. W., &amp; Larsson, M. (2016). Pornography consumption among adolescent girls in Sweden. <em>The European Journal of Contraception &amp; Reproductive Health Care, 21<\/em>, 295-302<\/p><p>Morgan, E. M. (2011). Associations between young adults&rsquo; use of sexually explicit materials and their sexual preferences, behaviors, and satisfaction. J Sex Res, 48(6):520&ndash;30.<\/p><p>Paton, L. (2013). What&rsquo;s in a story? A resource for working with young people addressing the role of pornography. New Zeland: Familiy planning (Frances Bird).<\/p><p>Peter, J., &amp; Valkenburg, P. M. (2011). The influence of sexually explicit Internet material on sexual risk behavior: a comparison of adolescents and adults. <em>Journal of Health Communication, 16<\/em>, 750-765.<\/p><p>Sabina, C., Wolak, J., &amp; Finkelhor, D. (2008). The Nature and Dynamics of Internet Pornography Exposure for Youth. Cyberpsychol. Behav, 11, 691&ndash;693.<\/p><p>Schrimshaw, E, W., Antebi-Gruszka, N., &amp; Downing, M. J. (2016). Viewing of internet-based sexually explicit media as a risk factor for condomless anal sex among men <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;WHO&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Sv&#283;tov&aacute; zdravotnick&aacute; organizace&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/who\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>who<\/a> have sex with men in four U.S. Cities. <em>PLoS ONE, 11<\/em>.<\/p><p>Sev&#711;c&iacute;kov&aacute;, A., &amp; Daneback, K. (2014). Online pornography use in adolescence: Age and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">gender<\/a> differences. <em>Eur. J. Dev. Psychol, 11<\/em>, 674&ndash;686.<\/p><p>Stanley, N., Barter, C., Wood, M., Aghtaie, N., Larkins, C., Lanau, A. &amp;, &Ouml;verlien, C. (2016). Pornography, Sexual Coercion and Abuse and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexting&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o &#269;innost spo&#269;&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; v zas&iacute;l&aacute;n&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&#283; explicitn&iacute;ho obsahu prost&#345;ednictv&iacute;m soukrom&yacute;ch zpr&aacute;v nebo internetu. T&yacute;k&aacute; se fotografi&iacute;, vide&iacute; a zpr&aacute;v (p&iacute;semn&yacute;ch i zvukov&yacute;ch). &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexting\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexting<\/a> in Young People&rsquo;s Intimate Relationships: A European Study. J. Interpers. Violence, 33, 2919&ndash;2944.<\/p><p>Vandenbosch, L., &amp; van Oosten, J. M. F. (2018). Explaining the relationship between sexually explicit Internet material and casual sex: a two-step mediation model. <em>The Archives of Sexual Behavior, <\/em>47,1465-1480<\/p><p>Wallmyr, G., &amp; Welin, C. (2006). Young people, pornography, and sexuality: Sources and attitudes. J. Sch. Nurs, 22, 290&ndash;295.<\/p><p>Wierckx, K., Elaut, E., Van Caenegem, E., Van De Peer, F., Dedecker, D., Van Houdenhove, E., &amp; T&rsquo;Sjoen, G. (2011). Sexual desire in female-to-male transsexual persons: Exploration of the role of testosterone administration<em>. Eur. J. Endocrinol, 165<\/em>, 331&ndash;337.<\/p><p>Wingood, G. M., DiClemente, R. J., Harrington, K., Davies, S., Hook, E. W., &amp; Oh, M. K. (2001). Exposure to x-rated movies and adolescents&rsquo; sexual and contraceptive-related attitudes and behaviours. Pediatrics, 107, 1116&ndash;1119.<\/p><p>Wisenblit, J. Z., Priluck, R. &amp; Pirog, S. F. (2013). The Influence of Parental Styles on Children&rsquo;s Consumption. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 30(4), 320-327<\/p><p>Wolak, J., Mitchell, K., &amp; Finkelhor, D. (2006). Online Victimization of Youth: 5 Years Later. Alexandria, VA: National Centre for Missing &amp; Exploited Children.<\/p><p>Wright, P. J., &amp; Bae, S. (2016). Pornography and male socialization. In Y. J. Wong, &amp; S. R. Wester (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;EDs&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Poruchy p&#345;&iacute;jmu potravy&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/eds\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Eds<\/a>.). <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;APA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Americk&aacute; psychologick&aacute; asociace&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/apa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>APA<\/a> Handb men masculinities (pp 551&ndash;568) Washington, DC Am Psychol Assoc.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dostupnost pornografie zejm&eacute;na pro mlad&eacute; lidi (ale samoz&#345;ejm&#283; i dosp&#283;l&eacute;) v&yacute;razn&#283; zv&yacute;&scaron;ily chytr&eacute; telefony a dostupnost internetu. P&#345;&iacute;stup mlad&yacute;ch lid&iacute; k pornografii je v mnoha p&#345;&iacute;padech dobrovoln&yacute;, ale ob&#269;as m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t i nedobrovoln&yacute;. &#268;etnost u&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; pornografie je vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; u <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> osob. Jedn&iacute;m z d&#367;vod&#367;, pro&#269; dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; dobrovoln&#283; vyhled&aacute;vaj&iacute; pornografii, je hled&aacute;n&iacute; informac&iacute;. Dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; toti&#382; informace [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9147,"menu_order":11,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-9191","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","no-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9191","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9191"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9191\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9147"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9191"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=9191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}