{"id":8385,"date":"2023-04-04T15:06:40","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T15:06:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/docs\/1-identitay-rozmanitost-sexualit-3\/"},"modified":"2023-05-09T17:28:50","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T17:28:50","slug":"1-identitay-rozmanitost-sexualit-3","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/docs\/guide-for-educators\/1-identitay-rozmanitost-sexualit-3\/","title":{"rendered":"1. IDENTITA(Y): ROZMANITOST SEXUALIT"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8385\" class=\"elementor elementor-8385 elementor-6349\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1f0b3149 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1f0b3149\" data-element_type=\"section\"><div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77373a01\" data-id=\"77373a01\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7325a49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7325a49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/03\/Image1.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e41f9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7e41f9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49e0558 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49e0558\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o term&iacute;n pou&#382;&iacute;van&yacute; k ozna&#269;en&iacute; toho, jak lid&eacute; pro&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; a vyjad&#345;uj&iacute; sami sebe jako sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; bytosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexualita<\/a> je mnohem rozmanit&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; a komplexn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; fenom&eacute;n ne&#382; bin&aacute;rn&iacute; d&#283;len&iacute; na heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; a homosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;. P&#345;edstavuje sp&iacute;&scaron;e spektrum r&#367;zn&yacute;ch identit, n&aacute;klonnost&iacute; a chov&aacute;n&iacute;.<\/li><li>Existuj&iacute; t&#345;i dimenze sexuality &ndash; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Popisuje mezilidsk&yacute; psychologick&yacute; rozm&#283;r sexuality, jen&#382; se t&yacute;k&aacute; romantick&yacute;ch a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch cit&#367;, kter&eacute; chov&aacute;me k druh&yacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-pritazlivost\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost<\/a>, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jde o chov&aacute;n&iacute; jednotlivce, kter&eacute; m&#367;&#382;e, ale nemus&iacute;, b&yacute;t v souladu s jeho sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientac&iacute; a identitou.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-chovani\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;<\/a> a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; identita. V&scaron;echny t&#345;i se p&#345;ekr&yacute;vaj&iacute;, ale v&#283;t&scaron;inou jen &#269;&aacute;ste&#269;n&#283;. <\/li><li><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o term&iacute;n pou&#382;&iacute;van&yacute; k ozna&#269;en&iacute; toho, jak lid&eacute; pro&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; a vyjad&#345;uj&iacute; sami sebe jako sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; bytosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexualita<\/a> je jin&eacute; t&eacute;ma ne&#382; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Genderov&aacute; identita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;vnit&#345;n&iacute; osobn&iacute; vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; vlastn&iacute; identity, kter&eacute; souvis&iacute; se soci&aacute;ln&iacute;mi a kulturn&iacute;mi definicemi genderu. Genderov&aacute; identita &#269;lov&#283;ka se m&#367;&#382;e shodovat s pohlav&iacute;m, kter&eacute; bylo zaps&aacute;no p&#345;i narozen&iacute; (cisgender), nebo se od n&#283;j r&#367;zn&yacute;mi zp&#367;soby li&scaron;it. U v&#283;t&scaron;iny lid&iacute; je genderov&aacute; identita shodn&aacute; s pohlav&iacute;m zapsan&yacute;m p&#345;i narozen&iacute;; u trans, nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;ch a dal&scaron;&iacute;ch genderov&#283; rozmanit&yacute;ch osob se genderov&aacute; identita v r&#367;zn&eacute; m&iacute;&#345;e li&scaron;&iacute; od pohlav&iacute; zapsan&eacute;ho p&#345;i narozen&iacute; (APA, 2015).  &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/genderova-identita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">genderov&aacute; identita<\/a>, i kdy&#382; spolu souvisej&iacute;. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje trvalou formu citov&eacute;, romantick&eacute; a\/nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti k mu&#382;&#367;m, &#382;en&aacute;m nebo k ob&#283;ma pohlav&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-orientace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/a> je d&#367;le&#382;itou sou&#269;&aacute;st&iacute; na&scaron;eho spole&#269;ensk&eacute;ho &#382;ivota a zahrnuje mnohem v&iacute;ce ne&#382; jen sex. <\/li><li>Zp&#367;soby, kter&yacute;mi lid&eacute; pro&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; a vyjad&#345;uj&iacute; sexualitu i vztahy, jsou hluboce ovlivn&#283;ny kulturou a spole&#269;ensk&yacute;mi normami.<\/li><li>O sexualit&#283; se &#269;asto hovo&#345;&iacute; pouze z cisheteronormativn&iacute;ho &uacute;hlu pohledu. Proto jsou velmi &#269;asto lid&eacute;, kte&#345;&iacute; se neidentifikuj&iacute; jako <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cis&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o latinskou p&#345;edponu, kter&aacute; znamen&aacute; &amp;quot;na stejn&eacute; stran&#283; jako&amp;quot;, a je tedy antonymem slova &amp;quot;trans&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>cis<\/a> a\/nebo heteronormativn&iacute;, vynech&aacute;ni z diskuze.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a4ff2fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a4ff2fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>1.1. &Uacute;VOD<\/h3>\n<p><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o term&iacute;n pou&#382;&iacute;van&yacute; k ozna&#269;en&iacute; toho, jak lid&eacute; pro&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; a vyjad&#345;uj&iacute; sami sebe jako sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; bytosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexualita<\/a><\/strong> je pojem, kter&yacute; pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;me k ozna&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute; toho, jak lid&eacute; pro&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; a vyjad&#345;uj&iacute; sami sebe jako sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; bytosti. Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientaci lze rozd&#283;lit nejm&eacute;n&#283; do t&#345;&iacute; dimenz&iacute;: na <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Popisuje mezilidsk&yacute; psychologick&yacute; rozm&#283;r sexuality, jen&#382; se t&yacute;k&aacute; romantick&yacute;ch a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch cit&#367;, kter&eacute; chov&aacute;me k druh&yacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-pritazlivost\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost<\/a>, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jde o chov&aacute;n&iacute; jednotlivce, kter&eacute; m&#367;&#382;e, ale nemus&iacute;, b&yacute;t v souladu s jeho sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientac&iacute; a identitou.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-chovani\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;<\/a> a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; identitu. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o term&iacute;n pou&#382;&iacute;van&yacute; k ozna&#269;en&iacute; toho, jak lid&eacute; pro&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; a vyjad&#345;uj&iacute; sami sebe jako sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; bytosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexualita<\/a> v &scaron;ir&scaron;&iacute;m pojet&iacute; souvis&iacute; tak&eacute; s &#345;adou kulturn&iacute;ch prom&#283;nn&yacute;ch, p&#345;i&#269;em&#382; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; zdrav&iacute; tvo&#345;&iacute; d&#367;le&#382;itou sou&#269;&aacute;st celkov&eacute;ho zdrav&iacute; &#269;lov&#283;ka (Pito&#328;&aacute;k &amp; Mach&aacute;&#269;kov&aacute;, 2022).  <\/p>\n<h3>1.2. ZPRACOV&Aacute;N&Iacute; T&Eacute;MATIKY<\/h3>\n<h4><strong>1.2.1. Sexualita<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>&bdquo;<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o term&iacute;n pou&#382;&iacute;van&yacute; k ozna&#269;en&iacute; toho, jak lid&eacute; pro&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; a vyjad&#345;uj&iacute; sami sebe jako sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; bytosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexualita<\/a> tvo&#345;&iacute; jeden z &uacute;st&#345;edn&iacute;ch aspekt&#367; lidsk&eacute;ho byt&iacute; nap&#345;&iacute;&#269; cel&yacute;m &#382;ivotem a zahrnuje <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>, genderov&eacute; identity a role, sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientaci, erotiku, rozko&scaron;, intimitu a reprodukci. Sexualitu pro&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;me a vyjad&#345;ujeme v my&scaron;lenk&aacute;ch, fantazi&iacute;ch, touh&aacute;ch, p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;en&iacute;ch, postoj&iacute;ch, hodnot&aacute;ch, chov&aacute;n&iacute;, praktik&aacute;ch, rol&iacute;ch a vztaz&iacute;ch. A&#269;koli <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o term&iacute;n pou&#382;&iacute;van&yacute; k ozna&#269;en&iacute; toho, jak lid&eacute; pro&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; a vyjad&#345;uj&iacute; sami sebe jako sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; bytosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexualita<\/a> m&#367;&#382;e zahrnovat v&scaron;echny tyto dimenze, ne v&#382;dy jsou v&scaron;echny za&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;ny nebo vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;ny. Sexualitu ovliv&#328;uj&iacute; interakce biologick&yacute;ch, psychologick&yacute;ch, soci&aacute;ln&iacute;ch, ekonomick&yacute;ch, politick&yacute;ch, kulturn&iacute;ch, etick&yacute;ch, pr&aacute;vn&iacute;ch, historick&yacute;ch, n&aacute;bo&#382;ensk&yacute;ch a duchovn&iacute;ch faktor&#367;&rdquo; (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;WHO&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Sv&#283;tov&aacute; zdravotnick&aacute; organizace&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/who\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>WHO<\/a>, 2006). Z tohoto d&#367;vodu je dobr&eacute; normalizovat otev&#345;enou diskuzi o sexualit&#283;, proto&#382;e to m&#367;&#382;e m&iacute;t velk&yacute; vliv na &#382;ivot mlad&yacute;ch lid&iacute; a jejich celkov&eacute; zdrav&iacute; a prosperitu. <\/p>\n<p>Sexualitu lze pro&#382;&iacute;vat a vyjad&#345;ovat mnoha r&#367;zn&yacute;mi zp&#367;soby. N&iacute;&#382;e uv&aacute;d&iacute;me n&#283;kolik bod&#367; popisuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute; sou&#269;&aacute;sti jak&yacute;chkoliv bezpe&#269;n&yacute;ch a zdrav&yacute;ch sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch aktivit (Women, U. N., &amp; UNICEF, 2018). <\/p>\n<ul><li>Lid&eacute;, kte&#345;&iacute; se &uacute;&#269;astn&iacute; realizovan&yacute;ch aktivit, se jich &uacute;&#269;astn&iacute; <strong>dobrovoln&#283;<\/strong>, jsou informov&aacute;ni o tom, co se bude d&iacute;t, a <strong>souhlas&iacute;<\/strong> se v&scaron;emi navrhovan&yacute;mi aktivitami.<\/li>\n<li>Z&uacute;&#269;astn&#283;n&eacute; osoby jsou p&#345;i v&#283;dom&iacute; a ve stavu mysli, ve kter&eacute;m jsou schopny d&aacute;t informovan&yacute; <strong>souhlas<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>&#268;innosti, kter&eacute; &#382;&aacute;dn&aacute; ze z&uacute;&#269;astn&#283;n&yacute;ch stran nepova&#382;uje za &scaron;kodliv&eacute; (mezi n&#283;kter&eacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; aktivity, kter&eacute; se naz&yacute;vaj&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Kink&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako nenormativn&iacute; praxe souvisej&iacute;c&iacute; s lidskou sexualitou a vyu&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;m tzv. nekonven&#269;n&iacute;ch sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch\/senzu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch\/intimn&iacute;ch praktik, fantazi&iacute; a koncept&#367;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/kink\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>kink<\/a>, m&#367;&#382;e pat&#345;it svazov&aacute;n&iacute;, fackov&aacute;n&iacute; apod., tyto aktivity a &#269;innosti musej&iacute; b&yacute;t v&#382;dy dobrovoln&eacute; a cht&#283;n&eacute; v&scaron;emi z&uacute;&#269;astn&#283;n&yacute;mi stranami).<\/li>\n<li>Z&uacute;&#269;astn&#283;n&eacute; osoby jsou pr&aacute;vn&#283; zp&#367;sobil&eacute; k souhlasu se sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;mi aktivitami.<\/li>\n<\/ul><h4><strong>1.2.2. Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje trvalou formu citov&eacute;, romantick&eacute; a\/nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti k mu&#382;&#367;m, &#382;en&aacute;m nebo k ob&#283;ma pohlav&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-orientace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/a><\/strong> ozna&#269;uje trval&yacute; charakter emo&#269;n&iacute;, romantick&eacute; a\/nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti k mu&#382;&#367;m, &#382;en&aacute;m nebo ob&#283;ma pohlav&iacute;m (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;APA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Americk&aacute; psychologick&aacute; asociace&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/apa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>APA<\/a>, 2008). Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientaci lze rozd&#283;lit do t&#345;&iacute; hlavn&iacute;ch dimenz&iacute;, a to na <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Popisuje mezilidsk&yacute; psychologick&yacute; rozm&#283;r sexuality, jen&#382; se t&yacute;k&aacute; romantick&yacute;ch a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch cit&#367;, kter&eacute; chov&aacute;me k druh&yacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-pritazlivost\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost<\/a>, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jde o chov&aacute;n&iacute; jednotlivce, kter&eacute; m&#367;&#382;e, ale nemus&iacute;, b&yacute;t v souladu s jeho sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientac&iacute; a identitou.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-chovani\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;<\/a> a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; identitu. <\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Popisuje mezilidsk&yacute; psychologick&yacute; rozm&#283;r sexuality, jen&#382; se t&yacute;k&aacute; romantick&yacute;ch a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch cit&#367;, kter&eacute; chov&aacute;me k druh&yacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-pritazlivost\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost<\/a><\/strong> popisuje interperson&aacute;ln&iacute; psychologick&yacute; rozm&#283;r sexuality, kter&yacute; se t&yacute;k&aacute; romantick&yacute;ch a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch cit&#367;, kter&eacute; chov&aacute;me ke druh&yacute;m. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Popisuje mezilidsk&yacute; psychologick&yacute; rozm&#283;r sexuality, jen&#382; se t&yacute;k&aacute; romantick&yacute;ch a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch cit&#367;, kter&eacute; chov&aacute;me k druh&yacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-pritazlivost\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost<\/a> m&#367;&#382;e souviset s pohlav&iacute;m nebo genderem osob, kter&eacute; n&aacute;s p&#345;itahuj&iacute;. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Popisuje mezilidsk&yacute; psychologick&yacute; rozm&#283;r sexuality, jen&#382; se t&yacute;k&aacute; romantick&yacute;ch a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch cit&#367;, kter&eacute; chov&aacute;me k druh&yacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-pritazlivost\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost<\/a> p&#345;edstavuje od konce 19. stolet&iacute; hlavn&iacute; konstrukt definuj&iacute;c&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientaci (Sell, 1997).  <\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jde o chov&aacute;n&iacute; jednotlivce, kter&eacute; m&#367;&#382;e, ale nemus&iacute;, b&yacute;t v souladu s jeho sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientac&iacute; a identitou.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-chovani\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;<\/a><\/strong> je chov&aacute;n&iacute; dan&eacute;ho &#269;lov&#283;ka, kter&eacute; m&#367;&#382;e, ale nemus&iacute; b&yacute;t v souladu s jeho sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientac&iacute; a identitou. N&#283;kter&eacute; projevy sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho chov&aacute;n&iacute; m&#367;&#382;eme ozna&#269;it jako spojen&eacute; s ur&#269;it&yacute;m kontextem a\/nebo situac&iacute; p&#345;&iacute;padn&#283; jako experiment&aacute;ln&iacute; jedn&aacute;n&iacute;, kter&eacute; striktn&#283; nevyjad&#345;uje sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; identitu dan&eacute; osoby. Ve spole&#269;nostech, ve kter&yacute;ch je b&yacute;t gay nebo <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Queer&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;&iacute;davn&eacute; jm&eacute;no pou&#382;&iacute;van&eacute; n&#283;kter&yacute;mi lidmi, jejich&#382; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace nen&iacute; v&yacute;hradn&#283; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; nebo heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;. Tento zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; term&iacute;n zahrnuje lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; maj&iacute; nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;, genderov&#283; fluidn&iacute; nebo genderov&#283; nekonformn&iacute; identitu. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/queer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">queer<\/a> stigmatizov&aacute;no a p&#345;eva&#382;uje odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; a <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Diskriminace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lze ji definovat jako nerovn&eacute; nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; zach&aacute;zen&iacute; s ur&#269;itou osobou nebo se skupinou osob v d&#367;sledku p&#345;edsudk&#367;. Nejedn&aacute; se pouze o odsudky nebo nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; pocity, ale o projevy nesn&aacute;&scaron;enlivosti, kter&eacute; spo&#269;&iacute;vaj&iacute; v odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; a\/nebo vylu&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute; osob, v&#367;&#269;i nim&#382; m&aacute; &#269;lov&#283;k p&#345;edsudky. It is not only judgements or unfavourable feelings but acts of intolerance that consist of rejecting and\/or excluding people against whom one is prejudiced. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/diskriminace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">diskriminace<\/a>, mohou m&iacute;t lid&eacute; v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute; pot&iacute;&#382;e p&#345;ijmout svou identitu, pokud neodpov&iacute;d&aacute; norm&#283;.  <\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Identita sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je podm&iacute;n&#283;na existenc&iacute; dostupn&yacute;ch diskurz&#367; v r&aacute;mci dan&eacute; kultury, jazyka a soci&aacute;ln&iacute;ch kategori&iacute; (tj. heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, gay, lesbick&aacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, queer atd.), kter&eacute; zprost&#345;edkov&aacute;vaj&iacute; v&yacute;znamy jednotlivc&#367;m, kte&#345;&iacute; je mohou p&#345;ij&iacute;mat.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/identita-sexualni-orientace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Identita sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/a><\/strong> je podm&iacute;n&#283;na existenc&iacute; dostupn&yacute;ch diskurz&#367; v r&aacute;mci dan&eacute; kultury, jazyka a soci&aacute;ln&iacute;ch kategori&iacute; (tj. heterosexu&aacute;l, gay, lesba, bisexu&aacute;l, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Queer&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;&iacute;davn&eacute; jm&eacute;no pou&#382;&iacute;van&eacute; n&#283;kter&yacute;mi lidmi, jejich&#382; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace nen&iacute; v&yacute;hradn&#283; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; nebo heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;. Tento zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; term&iacute;n zahrnuje lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; maj&iacute; nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;, genderov&#283; fluidn&iacute; nebo genderov&#283; nekonformn&iacute; identitu. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/queer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">queer<\/a> atd.), kter&eacute; zprost&#345;edkov&aacute;vaj&iacute; v&yacute;znamy jednotlivc&#367;m, kte&#345;&iacute; je mohou p&#345;ij&iacute;mat (Dillon et al., 2011; Morgan, 2013). Proces nebo akt p&#345;ijet&iacute; ur&#269;it&eacute; identity <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje trvalou formu citov&eacute;, romantick&eacute; a\/nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti k mu&#382;&#367;m, &#382;en&aacute;m nebo k ob&#283;ma pohlav&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-orientace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/a> nebo ozna&#269;en&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; identity (Savin-Williams, 2011) tak p&#345;edstavuje v&#283;dom&eacute; uzn&aacute;n&iacute; a\/nebo zvnit&#345;n&#283;n&iacute; vlastn&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje trvalou formu citov&eacute;, romantick&eacute; a\/nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti k mu&#382;&#367;m, &#382;en&aacute;m nebo k ob&#283;ma pohlav&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-orientace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/a> (Dillon, Worthington, &amp; Moradi, 2011). Kategorie, n&aacute;zvy a ozna&#269;en&iacute; identit <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje trvalou formu citov&eacute;, romantick&eacute; a\/nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti k mu&#382;&#367;m, &#382;en&aacute;m nebo k ob&#283;ma pohlav&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-orientace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/a> mohou b&yacute;t pro mlad&eacute; lidi velmi u&#382;ite&#269;n&eacute; p&#345;i pozn&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; toho, jak se c&iacute;t&iacute;, a mohou jim tak usnadnit proces coming outu. V r&aacute;mci dan&eacute; kultury m&#367;&#382;e existovat mnoho ozna&#269;en&iacute; identit <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje trvalou formu citov&eacute;, romantick&eacute; a\/nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti k mu&#382;&#367;m, &#382;en&aacute;m nebo k ob&#283;ma pohlav&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-orientace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/a>, nap&#345;&iacute;klad gay\/lesba, bisexu&aacute;l, pansexu&aacute;l, demisexu&aacute;l, questioning a mnoho dal&scaron;&iacute;ch. Sou&#269;asn&eacute; v&yacute;zkumy ukazuj&iacute;, &#382;e je pom&#283;rn&#283; b&#283;&#382;n&eacute;, &#382;e je osoby v pr&#367;b&#283;hu &#382;ivota m&#283;n&iacute;.    <\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Jak je vid&#283;t z v&yacute;&scaron;e uveden&yacute;ch t&#345;&iacute; dimenz&iacute;, v&scaron;echny se p&#345;ekr&yacute;vaj&iacute; a jsou vz&aacute;jemn&#283; propojen&eacute;, p&#345;esto v&scaron;ak nejsou stejn&eacute;. Zohledn&#283;n&iacute; t&eacute;to skute&#269;nosti p&#345;i pr&aacute;ci s dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;mi <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> je p&#345;&iacute;nosn&eacute;, proto&#382;e dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; mohou objevovat r&#367;zn&eacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; aktivity (chov&aacute;n&iacute;) a proch&aacute;zet procesem utv&aacute;&#345;en&iacute; sv&eacute; identity <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje trvalou formu citov&eacute;, romantick&eacute; a\/nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti k mu&#382;&#367;m, &#382;en&aacute;m nebo k ob&#283;ma pohlav&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-orientace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/a>. <\/p>\n<h4><strong>1.2.3. Asexualita<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>V r&aacute;mci definov&aacute;n&iacute; sexuality bychom ji t&eacute;&#382; mohli rozd&#283;lit na dv&#283; dimenze &ndash; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Popisuje mezilidsk&yacute; psychologick&yacute; rozm&#283;r sexuality, jen&#382; se t&yacute;k&aacute; romantick&yacute;ch a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch cit&#367;, kter&eacute; chov&aacute;me k druh&yacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-pritazlivost\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost<\/a>, ch&aacute;panou jako <strong>fyzick&yacute; aspekt p&#345;ita&#382;livosti<\/strong>, a <strong>romantickou rovinu<\/strong>, vn&iacute;manou sp&iacute;&scaron;e jako psychosoci&aacute;ln&iacute; aspekt. Z tohoto d&#367;vodu lze <strong>asexualitu<\/strong> definovat jako absenci sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; n&aacute;klonnosti zam&#283;&#345;en&eacute; na jakoukoliv jinou osobu (nikoli absenci sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; touhy jako takov&eacute; &ndash; asexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute; mohou, ale nemusej&iacute;&iacute; m&iacute;t po&#382;itek nap&#345;. z <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Masturbace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o manipulaci s vlastn&iacute;mi pohlavn&iacute;mi org&aacute;ny, obvykle penisem nebo klitorisem, za &uacute;&#269;elem sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho uspokojen&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/masturbace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">masturbace<\/a>). Tato absence sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; n&aacute;klonnosti zam&#283;&#345;en&eacute; na jakoukoli jinou osobu m&aacute; trvalou povahu nebo zna&#269;&iacute; trvalou dispozici &#269;i orientaci. D&#367;le&#382;it&yacute;m aspektem, kter&yacute; je t&#345;eba vz&iacute;t v potaz, je sebeidentifikace s asexualitou. N&#283;kte&#345;&iacute; lid&eacute; toti&#382; mohou poci&#357;ovat nedostatek sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; touhy ke druh&yacute;m, ale nepova&#382;uj&iacute; se za asexu&aacute;ln&iacute;.   <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Asexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lze ji definovat jako absenci sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch sklon&#367; zam&#283;&#345;en&yacute;ch na n&#283;jakou jinou osobu (nikoliv absenci sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; touhy jako takov&eacute; - asexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute; mohou, ale nemusej&iacute; m&iacute;t r&aacute;di nap&#345;&iacute;klad masturbaci).&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/asexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Asexualita<\/a> rovn&#283;&#382; nevypl&yacute;v&aacute; z celib&aacute;tu nebo ze strachu z intimity, Jedn&aacute; se o identitu <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje trvalou formu citov&eacute;, romantick&eacute; a\/nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti k mu&#382;&#367;m, &#382;en&aacute;m nebo k ob&#283;ma pohlav&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-orientace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/a> nebo jej&iacute; ozna&#269;en&iacute;. B&yacute;t asexu&aacute;lem neznamen&aacute;, &#382;e se doty&#269;n&aacute; osoba nikdy nezapoj&iacute; do sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch aktivit &ndash; m&#367;&#382;e m&iacute;t sex, pokud si to p&#345;eje. Nikdo v&scaron;ak nesm&iacute; b&yacute;t k sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;mu kontaktu a\/nebo aktivit&aacute;m nucen. Nedostatek sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; touhy v&#367;&#269;i druh&yacute;m tak&eacute; neznamen&aacute; absenci romantick&eacute; n&aacute;klonnosti k druh&yacute;m (Bogaert, 2015; Guz et al.,2022). Mnoho asexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch lid&iacute; tou&#382;&iacute; po romantick&yacute;ch vztaz&iacute;ch s druh&yacute;mi a mohou je romanticky p&#345;itahovat osoby s r&#367;zn&yacute;mi genderov&yacute;mi identitami, a proto mohou b&yacute;t pova&#382;ov&aacute;ni nap&#345;&iacute;klad za lesby, gaye nebo bisexu&aacute;ly (n&#283;kdy mohou preferovat term&iacute;n bi-romantici) (Pito&#328;&aacute;k &amp; Mach&aacute;&#269;kov&aacute;, 2022). Pro ty, kte&#345;&iacute; romantickou p&#345;ita&#382;livost nepoci&#357;uj&iacute;, pak m&#367;&#382;eme pou&#382;&iacute;t term&iacute;ny romantick&yacute; asexu&aacute;l a aromantick&yacute; asexu&aacute;l. Je t&#345;eba m&iacute;t na pam&#283;ti, &#382;e lid&eacute; pro&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; svou asexualitu velmi r&#367;znorod&#283; (Antonsen et al., 2020). Pokud s dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;mi hovo&#345;&iacute;te o sexualit&#283;, nezapome&#328;te zm&iacute;nit tak&eacute; asexualitu a normalizovat diskuzi o n&iacute;, proto&#382;e <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Asexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lze ji definovat jako absenci sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch sklon&#367; zam&#283;&#345;en&yacute;ch na n&#283;jakou jinou osobu (nikoliv absenci sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; touhy jako takov&eacute; - asexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute; mohou, ale nemusej&iacute; m&iacute;t r&aacute;di nap&#345;&iacute;klad masturbaci).&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/asexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">asexualita<\/a> je celkov&#283; ve ve&#345;ejn&eacute;m prostoru zastoupena mnohem m&eacute;n&#283; ne&#382; jin&eacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; identity, co&#382; m&#367;&#382;e u asexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch mlad&yacute;ch lid&iacute; v&eacute;st k pocit&#367;m nepat&#345;i&#269;nosti a\/nebo opomenut&iacute;.       <\/p>\n<h4><strong>1.2.4. Hypersexualita (souvisej&iacute;c&iacute; s nutkav&yacute;m sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m chov&aacute;n&iacute;m a internalizac&iacute; homonegativity).<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Hypersexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o opakovan&eacute; a intenzivn&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; fantazie, nutk&aacute;n&iacute; a chov&aacute;n&iacute;, kter&eacute; lze jen t&#283;&#382;ko kontrolovat, obvykle se objevuje jako reakce na stresuj&iacute;c&iacute; ud&aacute;losti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/hypersexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Hypersexualita<\/a><\/strong> p&#345;edstavuje opakuj&iacute;c&iacute; se a intenzivn&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; fantazie, nutk&aacute;n&iacute; a chov&aacute;n&iacute;, kter&eacute; je t&#283;&#382;k&eacute; ovl&aacute;dnout a kter&eacute; se obvykle objevuje jako reakce na stresuj&iacute;c&iacute; ud&aacute;losti. Povahou a\/nebo intenzitou m&#367;&#382;e dan&eacute; osob&#283; zp&#367;sobovat t&#283;lesn&eacute; a emocion&aacute;ln&iacute; str&aacute;d&aacute;n&iacute;. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Hypersexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o opakovan&eacute; a intenzivn&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; fantazie, nutk&aacute;n&iacute; a chov&aacute;n&iacute;, kter&eacute; lze jen t&#283;&#382;ko kontrolovat, obvykle se objevuje jako reakce na stresuj&iacute;c&iacute; ud&aacute;losti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/hypersexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Hypersexualita<\/a> se m&#367;&#382;e projevovat mnoha r&#367;zn&yacute;mi zp&#367;soby, nap&#345;&iacute;klad kompulzivn&iacute; masturbac&iacute;, nadm&#283;rnou konzumac&iacute; pornografie, intenzivn&iacute;m sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m chov&aacute;n&iacute;m s jin&yacute;mi dosp&#283;l&yacute;mi osobami, kter&eacute; s t&iacute;m souhlas&iacute; atd. (Kaplan, 2010). P&#345;i definov&aacute;n&iacute; hypersexuality je t&#345;eba zohlednit spole&#269;ensk&yacute; kontext, proto&#382;e normy r&#367;zn&yacute;ch spole&#269;nost&iacute; sexualitu &#269;lov&#283;ka r&#367;zn&#283; kontroluj&iacute; a omezuj&iacute;.   <\/p>\n<p>Z&aacute;sadn&iacute;m faktorem ohro&#382;en&iacute; kompulzivn&iacute;m sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m chov&aacute;n&iacute;m u <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> osob je <strong>men&scaron;inov&yacute; stres<\/strong> a s n&iacute;m souvisej&iacute;c&iacute; procesy. <strong>Dist&aacute;ln&iacute; men&scaron;inov&eacute; stresov&eacute;<\/strong> procesy (nap&#345;. p&#345;edsudky a <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Diskriminace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lze ji definovat jako nerovn&eacute; nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; zach&aacute;zen&iacute; s ur&#269;itou osobou nebo se skupinou osob v d&#367;sledku p&#345;edsudk&#367;. Nejedn&aacute; se pouze o odsudky nebo nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; pocity, ale o projevy nesn&aacute;&scaron;enlivosti, kter&eacute; spo&#269;&iacute;vaj&iacute; v odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; a\/nebo vylu&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute; osob, v&#367;&#269;i nim&#382; m&aacute; &#269;lov&#283;k p&#345;edsudky. It is not only judgements or unfavourable feelings but acts of intolerance that consist of rejecting and\/or excluding people against whom one is prejudiced. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/diskriminace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">diskriminace<\/a> ze strany vrstevn&iacute;k&#367; a soci&aacute;ln&iacute;ch struktur) zakl&aacute;daj&iacute; ohro&#382;en&iacute; <strong>proxim&aacute;ln&iacute;m men&scaron;inov&yacute;m stresem<\/strong> (nap&#345;. internalizovanou homogenitou) a poruchami regulace emoc&iacute;, kter&eacute; mohou v&eacute;st ke kompulzivn&iacute;mu sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;mu chov&aacute;n&iacute; (Pachankis et al., 2015). Dal&scaron;&iacute;mi faktory zvy&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; zranitelnost v&#367;&#269;i hypersexu&aacute;ln&iacute;mu chov&aacute;n&iacute; u v&scaron;ech mlad&yacute;ch lid&iacute; bez ohledu na jejich sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientaci a genderovou identitu mohou b&yacute;t &scaron;patn&eacute; zach&aacute;zen&iacute;, trauma a deprese (Fontanesi, et al, 2021). Vzhledem k tomu, &#382;e <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Hypersexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o opakovan&eacute; a intenzivn&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; fantazie, nutk&aacute;n&iacute; a chov&aacute;n&iacute;, kter&eacute; lze jen t&#283;&#382;ko kontrolovat, obvykle se objevuje jako reakce na stresuj&iacute;c&iacute; ud&aacute;losti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/hypersexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">hypersexualita<\/a> m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t t&#283;mito faktory zp&#367;sobena, jej&iacute; zasazen&iacute; do &scaron;ir&scaron;&iacute;ho kontextu v r&aacute;mci rozprav o sexualit&#283; m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t prosp&#283;&scaron;n&eacute; pro v&scaron;echny z&uacute;&#269;astn&#283;n&eacute;. Jeliko&#382; je kompulzivn&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Hypersexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o opakovan&eacute; a intenzivn&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; fantazie, nutk&aacute;n&iacute; a chov&aacute;n&iacute;, kter&eacute; lze jen t&#283;&#382;ko kontrolovat, obvykle se objevuje jako reakce na stresuj&iacute;c&iacute; ud&aacute;losti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/hypersexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">hypersexualita<\/a> &scaron;kodliv&aacute;, m&#283;li bychom rozli&scaron;ovat mezi kompulzivn&iacute; hypersexualitou a zdrav&#283; bohat&yacute;m sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m &#382;ivotem.    <\/p>\n<h4><strong>1.2.5. Nedobrovoln&yacute; celib&aacute;t (Incelov&eacute;)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Incelov&eacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o mlad&eacute; mu&#382;e, kte&#345;&iacute; postr&aacute;daj&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; aktivitu navzdory sv&eacute; touze po sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m vztahu.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/incelove\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Incelov&eacute;<\/a><\/strong> jsou mlad&iacute; mu&#382;i, kte&#345;&iacute; navzdory sv&eacute; touze po sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m vztahu nejsou sexu&aacute;ln&#283; aktivn&iacute;. Term&iacute;n vznikl v online skupin&aacute;ch na platform&#283; Reddit, kde mu&#382;i diskutuj&iacute; o sv&yacute;ch pot&iacute;&#382;&iacute;ch s hled&aacute;n&iacute;m a dosahov&aacute;n&iacute;m &uacute;sp&#283;chu v sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch vztaz&iacute;ch. Z&aacute;kladn&iacute; prvky kultury incel&#367; jsou siln&#283; misogynn&iacute; a jsou naklon&#283;n&eacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a> na &#382;en&aacute;ch. Lid&eacute; v t&#283;chto komunit&aacute;ch vyzn&aacute;vaj&iacute; filozofii &bdquo;&#269;erven&eacute; pilulky&rdquo; (odkazuj&iacute;c&iacute; na film Matrix, kde &#269;erven&aacute; pilulka symbolizuje proz&#345;en&iacute;, skute&#269;n&eacute; pozn&aacute;n&iacute; fungov&aacute;n&iacute; sv&#283;ta. Toto pozn&aacute;n&iacute;, dle n&aacute;zoru incel&#367;, spo&#269;&iacute;v&aacute; v uv&#283;dom&#283;n&iacute; si toho, &#382;e &#382;ijeme ve feministick&eacute;m, krajn&#283; levicov&#283; konstruovan&eacute;m bludu, a proto je t&#345;eba podniknout kroky k revolt&#283; proti tomuto syst&eacute;mu (O&rsquo;Malley, Holt, &amp; Holt, 2020). Vzestup skupin incel&#367; a obecn&#283; misogynn&iacute;ch my&scaron;lenek mezi mlad&yacute;mi chlapci znamen&aacute;, &#382;e se s t&iacute;mto t&eacute;matem m&#367;&#382;ete setkat ve va&scaron;&iacute; t&#345;&iacute;d&#283; a budete se j&iacute;m muset zab&yacute;vat. Nejlep&scaron;&iacute; prevenc&iacute; je vyvracen&iacute; genderov&yacute;ch stereotyp&#367; a stanoven&iacute; jasn&yacute;ch pravidel, co se stane, kdy&#382; dojde k nen&aacute;visti a <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a>.     <\/p>\n<p>V&iacute;ce informac&iacute; naleznete v t&eacute;matu o <a href=\"#post-6349-GenderIdentity21\">Genderu<\/a><\/p>\n<h4><strong>1.2.6. Heteronormativita<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Heteronormativita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Normativn&iacute; syst&eacute;m, v jeho&#382; r&aacute;mci jsou heterosexualita a\/nebo cisgenderov&aacute; identita pova&#382;ov&aacute;ny spole&#269;nost&iacute; za jedin&yacute; norm&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;sledek dosp&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;, socializace a v&yacute;voje &#382;ivotn&iacute;ch vztah&#367;, a proto se automaticky p&#345;edpokl&aacute;daj&iacute;\/o&#269;ek&aacute;vaj&iacute; od ka&#382;d&eacute;ho.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/heteronormativita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Heteronormativita<\/a> <\/strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Heteronormativita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Normativn&iacute; syst&eacute;m, v jeho&#382; r&aacute;mci jsou heterosexualita a\/nebo cisgenderov&aacute; identita pova&#382;ov&aacute;ny spole&#269;nost&iacute; za jedin&yacute; norm&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;sledek dosp&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;, socializace a v&yacute;voje &#382;ivotn&iacute;ch vztah&#367;, a proto se automaticky p&#345;edpokl&aacute;daj&iacute;\/o&#269;ek&aacute;vaj&iacute; od ka&#382;d&eacute;ho.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/heteronormativita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Heteronormativita<\/a> je normativn&iacute; syst&eacute;m, v jeho&#382; r&aacute;mci je heterosexualita a\/nebo <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgenderov&aacute; identita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Popisuje situaci, kdy je gender ur&#269;en&yacute; p&#345;i narozen&iacute; v souladu s genderovou sebeidentifikac&iacute; dan&eacute; osoby.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cisgenderova-identita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgenderov&aacute; identita<\/a> (situace, kdy <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a> zapsan&eacute; p&#345;i narozen&iacute; je v souladu s genderovou sebeidentifikac&iacute; &#269;lov&#283;ka &ndash; proto se n&#283;kdy ozna&#269;uje jako <strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisheteronormativita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje normativn&iacute; syst&eacute;m, v jeho&#382; r&aacute;mci jsou heterosexualita a\/nebo cisgenderov&aacute; identita pova&#382;ov&aacute;ny spole&#269;nost&iacute; za jedin&eacute; norm&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;sledky dosp&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;, socializace a v&yacute;voje &#382;ivotn&iacute;ch vztah&#367;, a proto jsou automaticky od v&scaron;ech p&#345;edpokl&aacute;d&aacute;ny\/o&#269;ek&aacute;v&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cisheteronormativita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisheteronormativita<\/a><\/strong>) pova&#382;ov&aacute;na spole&#269;nost&iacute; za jedin&yacute; norm&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;sledek dosp&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;, socializace a v&yacute;voje &#382;ivotn&iacute;ch vztah&#367;, a proto se automaticky p&#345;edpokl&aacute;d&aacute;\/o&#269;ek&aacute;v&aacute; od ka&#382;d&eacute;ho (Pito&#328;&aacute;k, 2017). V d&#367;sledku toho jsou jin&eacute; formy sexuality a nekonformn&iacute; podoby genderov&yacute;ch identit pova&#382;ov&aacute;ny za nestejn&#283; hodnotn&eacute;. (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cis&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o latinskou p&#345;edponu, kter&aacute; znamen&aacute; &amp;quot;na stejn&eacute; stran&#283; jako&amp;quot;, a je tedy antonymem slova &amp;quot;trans&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cis\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Cis<\/a>)<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Heteronormativita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Normativn&iacute; syst&eacute;m, v jeho&#382; r&aacute;mci jsou heterosexualita a\/nebo cisgenderov&aacute; identita pova&#382;ov&aacute;ny spole&#269;nost&iacute; za jedin&yacute; norm&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;sledek dosp&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;, socializace a v&yacute;voje &#382;ivotn&iacute;ch vztah&#367;, a proto se automaticky p&#345;edpokl&aacute;daj&iacute;\/o&#269;ek&aacute;vaj&iacute; od ka&#382;d&eacute;ho.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/heteronormativita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">heteronormativita<\/a> tak vytv&aacute;&#345;&iacute; z&aacute;klad stigmatizace, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Diskriminace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lze ji definovat jako nerovn&eacute; nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; zach&aacute;zen&iacute; s ur&#269;itou osobou nebo se skupinou osob v d&#367;sledku p&#345;edsudk&#367;. Nejedn&aacute; se pouze o odsudky nebo nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; pocity, ale o projevy nesn&aacute;&scaron;enlivosti, kter&eacute; spo&#269;&iacute;vaj&iacute; v odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; a\/nebo vylu&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute; osob, v&#367;&#269;i nim&#382; m&aacute; &#269;lov&#283;k p&#345;edsudky. It is not only judgements or unfavourable feelings but acts of intolerance that consist of rejecting and\/or excluding people against whom one is prejudiced. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/diskriminace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">diskriminace<\/a> a vylou&#269;en&iacute; neheterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch a transgender &#269;i intersexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch osob.  <\/p>\n<p>V&iacute;ce informac&iacute; o heteronormativit&#283; si m&#367;&#382;ete p&#345;e&#269;&iacute;st v <a href=\"#post-6349-CisHeteronormativiyEdu12\">t&eacute;matu 1.2<\/a> a <a href=\"#post-6349-Cisnormativity23\">t&eacute;matu 2.3.<\/a><\/p>\n<h4><strong>1.2.7. Queer teorie<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Queer&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;&iacute;davn&eacute; jm&eacute;no pou&#382;&iacute;van&eacute; n&#283;kter&yacute;mi lidmi, jejich&#382; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace nen&iacute; v&yacute;hradn&#283; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; nebo heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;. Tento zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; term&iacute;n zahrnuje lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; maj&iacute; nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;, genderov&#283; fluidn&iacute; nebo genderov&#283; nekonformn&iacute; identitu. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/queer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Queer<\/a> teorie je r&#367;znorod&aacute; oblast my&scaron;len&iacute;, kter&aacute; za ni za&#269;ala b&yacute;t pova&#382;ov&aacute;na v pr&#367;b&#283;hu 90. let 20. stolet&iacute;. Vlivn&aacute; a nikterak ucelen&aacute; teorie se t&yacute;k&aacute; teoretizov&aacute;n&iacute; o genderu, sexualit&#283; a identit&aacute;ch, kter&eacute; se vymykaj&iacute; cisheteronormativn&iacute;m o&#269;ek&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;m. Jako specifick&yacute; p&#345;&iacute;stup zpravidla zpochyb&#328;uje a problematizuje bin&aacute;rn&iacute; kategorizace t&yacute;kaj&iacute;c&iacute; se <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>, genderu a sexuality, jako jsou kategorie mu&#382;\/&#382;ena, mu&#382;sk&yacute;\/&#382;ensk&yacute;, heterosexu&aacute;l\/gay, a p&#345;edkl&aacute;d&aacute; ot&aacute;zky souvisej&iacute;c&iacute; s mocensk&yacute;mi vztahy, kter&eacute; jsou jimi ovliv&#328;ov&aacute;ny. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Queer&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;&iacute;davn&eacute; jm&eacute;no pou&#382;&iacute;van&eacute; n&#283;kter&yacute;mi lidmi, jejich&#382; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace nen&iacute; v&yacute;hradn&#283; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; nebo heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;. Tento zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; term&iacute;n zahrnuje lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; maj&iacute; nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;, genderov&#283; fluidn&iacute; nebo genderov&#283; nekonformn&iacute; identitu. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/queer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Queer<\/a> teorie uv&aacute;d&iacute;, &#382;e tyto bin&aacute;rn&iacute; kategorie napom&aacute;haj&iacute; k posilov&aacute;n&iacute; rozd&iacute;l&#367; a hierarchick&yacute;ch struktur (nap&#345;&iacute;klad mu&#382; je pova&#382;ov&aacute;n za nad&#345;azen&eacute;ho a &#382;ena za pod&#345;adnou) a vyz&yacute;v&aacute; k p&#345;ekra&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute; jejich konven&#269;n&iacute;ho ch&aacute;p&aacute;n&iacute; a z&aacute;rove&#328; k vytv&aacute;&#345;en&iacute; otev&#345;en&eacute;ho prostoru pro r&#367;zn&eacute; identity, zt&#283;lesn&#283;n&iacute; a diskurzy (Barber &amp; Hidalgo, 2017; Jagose, 1996).   <\/p>\n<h3><i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-right\"><\/i>  &ndash; 1.3. DISKRIMINA&#268;N&Iacute; SITUACE SOUVISEJ&Iacute;C&Iacute; S DAN&Yacute;M T&Eacute;MATEM <i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-left\"><\/i><\/h3>\n<ul><li>St&aacute;le doch&aacute;z&iacute; k nekonsenzu&aacute;ln&iacute;m operac&iacute;m d&#283;t&iacute; narozen&yacute;ch s intersexu&aacute;ln&iacute;mi variacemi. Rodi&#269;&#367;m novorozenc&#367; se &#269;asto &#345;&iacute;k&aacute;, &#382;e operace je nutn&aacute; pro zdrav&yacute; v&yacute;voj d&iacute;t&#283;te, ale &#269;astou motivac&iacute; je pouze snaha p&#345;izp&#367;sobit se tomu, co se pova&#382;uje za &bdquo;norm&aacute;ln&#283;&rdquo; vypadaj&iacute;c&iacute; t&#283;lo chlapce nebo d&iacute;vky. <\/li>\n<li>Zahanbov&aacute;n&iacute; asexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch lid&iacute; a jejich p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute;, &#382;e maj&iacute; m&iacute;t sex.<\/li>\n<li>Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute;.<\/li>\n<li>Lid&eacute;, kte&#345;&iacute; asexualitu nep&#345;ij&iacute;maj&iacute; jako platn&eacute; ozna&#269;en&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; identity.<\/li>\n<li>Zpochyb&#328;ov&aacute;n&iacute; n&#283;&#269;&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; identity &ndash; &bdquo;jsi lesba jen proto, &#382;e jsi neza&#382;ila sex s mu&#382;i&rdquo;.<\/li>\n<li>Vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; neheterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch lid&iacute; jako by jejich sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; identita byla hlavn&iacute;m ur&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute;m osobnostn&iacute;m rysem, (&bdquo;oversexualizace&rdquo;) a ignorov&aacute;n&iacute; toho, &#382;e se jedn&aacute; o lidi s komplexn&iacute;mi osobnostmi a r&#367;znorod&yacute;mi z&aacute;jmy.<\/li>\n<li>Zasazov&aacute;n&iacute; neheterosexuality pouze do kontextu sexu&aacute;ln&#283; p&#345;enosn&yacute;ch infekc&iacute; v r&aacute;mci &bdquo;rizikov&eacute;ho jazyka&rdquo;.<\/li>\n<li>Odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; nebo tabuizov&aacute;n&iacute; diskuz&iacute; o neheteronormativn&iacute;ch nebo <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Queer&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;&iacute;davn&eacute; jm&eacute;no pou&#382;&iacute;van&eacute; n&#283;kter&yacute;mi lidmi, jejich&#382; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace nen&iacute; v&yacute;hradn&#283; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; nebo heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;. Tento zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; term&iacute;n zahrnuje lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; maj&iacute; nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;, genderov&#283; fluidn&iacute; nebo genderov&#283; nekonformn&iacute; identitu. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/queer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">queer<\/a> vztaz&iacute;ch a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch praktik&aacute;ch.<\/li>\n<li>&Scaron;kodliv&yacute; p&#345;edpoklad, &#382;e <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Zapsan&eacute; pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Term&iacute;n, kter&yacute; se obvykle v&aacute;&#382;e k pr&aacute;vn&iacute; kategorii pohlav&iacute; odvozen&eacute;ho z l&eacute;ka&#345;sk&eacute;ho vy&scaron;et&#345;en&iacute; novorozence po narozen&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/zapsane-pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">zapsan&eacute; pohlav&iacute;<\/a> mus&iacute; b&yacute;t v souladu s genderovou identitou a <strong>misgenderov&aacute;n&iacute; lid&iacute;<\/strong>, kte&#345;&iacute; jsou trans\/nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;. V&scaron;eobecn&aacute; upjatost na <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Zapsan&eacute; pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Term&iacute;n, kter&yacute; se obvykle v&aacute;&#382;e k pr&aacute;vn&iacute; kategorii pohlav&iacute; odvozen&eacute;ho z l&eacute;ka&#345;sk&eacute;ho vy&scaron;et&#345;en&iacute; novorozence po narozen&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/zapsane-pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">zapsan&eacute; pohlav&iacute;<\/a> a neochota akceptovat genderovou identitu lid&iacute;. <\/li>\n<li>Seznamov&aacute;n&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Queer&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;&iacute;davn&eacute; jm&eacute;no pou&#382;&iacute;van&eacute; n&#283;kter&yacute;mi lidmi, jejich&#382; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace nen&iacute; v&yacute;hradn&#283; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; nebo heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;. Tento zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; term&iacute;n zahrnuje lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; maj&iacute; nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;, genderov&#283; fluidn&iacute; nebo genderov&#283; nekonformn&iacute; identitu. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/queer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">queer<\/a> osob, zvl&aacute;&scaron;t&#283; v men&scaron;&iacute;ch m&#283;stech, m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t pon&#283;kud obt&iacute;&#382;n&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;, nebo&#357; m&#367;&#382;e zahrnovat zku&scaron;enosti s flirtov&aacute;n&iacute;m s n&#283;k&yacute;m, kdo je cishetero a kdo se uraz&iacute; a m&#367;&#382;e reagovat agresivn&#283;.<\/li>\n<li>Koment&aacute;&#345;e nebo napad&aacute;n&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Queer&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;&iacute;davn&eacute; jm&eacute;no pou&#382;&iacute;van&eacute; n&#283;kter&yacute;mi lidmi, jejich&#382; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace nen&iacute; v&yacute;hradn&#283; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; nebo heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;. Tento zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; term&iacute;n zahrnuje lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; maj&iacute; nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;, genderov&#283; fluidn&iacute; nebo genderov&#283; nekonformn&iacute; identitu. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/queer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">queer<\/a> osob na ulici\/ve t&#345;&iacute;d&#283; kv&#367;li jejich vzhledu, kter&yacute; m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t vn&iacute;m&aacute;n prost&#345;ednictv&iacute;m neheteronormativn&iacute;ho genderov&eacute;ho projevu (v&yacute;b&#283;r oble&#269;en&iacute;, make-upu, dopl&#328;k&#367; atd.).<\/li>\n<li>Nepovolen&iacute; rovnopr&aacute;vn&eacute;ho man&#382;elstv&iacute; pro p&aacute;ry stejn&eacute;ho <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Cisheteronormativn&iacute; o&#269;ek&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; t&yacute;kaj&iacute;c&iacute; se vztah&#367;, vzhledu (genderov&eacute;ho projevu), genderov&yacute;ch rol&iacute; a dal&scaron;&iacute;ch (bl&iacute;&#382;e pops&aacute;no v kapitole cisheteronormativn&iacute; vzd&#283;l&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;).<\/li>\n<li>Oslovov&aacute;n&iacute; n&#283;&#269;&iacute;ho partnera stejn&eacute;ho <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a> nebo partnera s odli&scaron;n&yacute;m pohlav&iacute;m jako kamar&aacute;da navzdory d&#345;&iacute;v&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;mu ozn&aacute;men&iacute; o jejich vztahu.<\/li>\n<li>Nerespektov&aacute;n&iacute; soukrom&eacute;ho prostoru d&#283;t&iacute; a dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;ch, zasahov&aacute;n&iacute; do jejich osobn&iacute;ho prostoru, a tedy naru&scaron;ov&aacute;n&iacute; jejich hranic a soukrom&iacute;, co&#382; m&#367;&#382;e v budoucnu v&eacute;st k maladaptivn&iacute;mu chov&aacute;n&iacute;.<\/li>\n<\/ul><h3>1.4. P&#344;&Iacute;KLADY DOBR&Eacute; PRAXE<\/h3>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8532 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1728\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png 1728w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1536x768.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1728px) 100vw, 1728px\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Vyvarujte se zam&#283;&#328;ov&aacute;n&iacute; sexuality se samotn&yacute;m sexem nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m chov&aacute;n&iacute;m, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o term&iacute;n pou&#382;&iacute;van&yacute; k ozna&#269;en&iacute; toho, jak lid&eacute; pro&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; a vyjad&#345;uj&iacute; sami sebe jako sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; bytosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexualita<\/a> p&#345;edstavuje komplexn&iacute; soci&aacute;ln&iacute; osu rozmanitosti, kter&aacute; p&#345;edstavuje rozm&#283;r v&scaron;ech lidsk&yacute;ch zku&scaron;enost&iacute;. Zejm&eacute;na pro ml&aacute;de&#382; ve v&#283;ku do 12 let m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t u&#382;ite&#269;n&eacute; hovo&#345;it o vztaz&iacute;ch a rand&#283;n&iacute; v jejich r&#367;znorodosti (d&iacute;vka chce chodit s jinou d&iacute;vkou, dva mu&#382;i zalo&#382;&iacute; rodinu&hellip;), akcentovat vztahov&yacute; rozm&#283;r sexuality, kter&yacute; je pro mnoho lid&iacute; jeho kl&iacute;&#269;ovou sou&#269;&aacute;st&iacute;. <\/p>\n<p>Tipy podle Barker (2017, s. 43-44):<\/p>\n<ul><li>Reflektujte sv&eacute; vlastn&iacute; p&#345;edpoklady &ndash; a kulturn&iacute; normy &ndash; o sexu a sexualit&#283; (penetrativn&iacute; sex b&yacute;v&aacute; &#269;asto vn&iacute;m&aacute;n jako jedin&aacute; &bdquo;spr&aacute;vn&aacute;&rdquo; podoba sexu, p&#345;itom existuje mnoho dal&scaron;&iacute;ch sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch aktivit, kter&eacute; nejsou o nic m&eacute;n&#283; &bdquo;sexem&rdquo; ne&#382; ten penetrativn&iacute; &ndash; or&aacute;ln&iacute; sex, sex mezi rukou a genit&aacute;liemi, t&#345;en&iacute; genit&aacute;li&iacute; apod.). Doporu&#269;en&eacute; ot&aacute;zky:\n<ul><li>Jak&yacute;m zp&#367;sobem je vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; toho, co p&#345;edstavuje &bdquo;dobr&yacute; sex&rdquo; ovlivn&#283;no popul&aacute;rn&iacute; kulturou a vyobrazov&aacute;n&iacute;m sexu ve filmech a popul&aacute;rn&iacute; kultu&#345;e?<\/li>\n<li>Jak je ovlivn&#283;no pornografi&iacute;? Jak vypad&aacute; sex a dynamika p&aacute;ru v pornu? <\/li>\n<li>Co se o&#269;ek&aacute;v&aacute; od mu&#382;&#367;\/&#382;en v r&aacute;mci sexu?<\/li>\n<li>Jak p&#367;sob&iacute;, kdy&#382; se na ve&#345;ejnosti l&iacute;baj&iacute; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&aacute;ry a kdy&#382; tot&eacute;&#382; d&#283;laj&iacute; p&aacute;ry stejn&eacute;ho <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>? Pro&#269;? <\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li>Zapojte se do soustavn&eacute;ho rozvoje vzd&#283;l&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; v oblasti lesbick&eacute;, gay, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, pansexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Queer&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;&iacute;davn&eacute; jm&eacute;no pou&#382;&iacute;van&eacute; n&#283;kter&yacute;mi lidmi, jejich&#382; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace nen&iacute; v&yacute;hradn&#283; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; nebo heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;. Tento zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; term&iacute;n zahrnuje lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; maj&iacute; nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;, genderov&#283; fluidn&iacute; nebo genderov&#283; nekonformn&iacute; identitu. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/queer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">queer<\/a>, asexu&aacute;ln&iacute; &scaron;k&aacute;ly a dal&scaron;&iacute;ch identit a praktik. Pokud jste se t&eacute;to problematice nev&#283;novali, doporu&#269;te n&#283;koho, kdo se j&iacute; v&#283;noval, pokud je to mo&#382;n&eacute;, nebo za&#269;n&#283;te vyhled&aacute;vat informace sami, abyste mohli o t&#283;chto t&eacute;matech diskutovat a byli dob&#345;e informov&aacute;ni. <\/li>\n<li>Neo&#269;ek&aacute;vejte, &#382;e v&aacute;s studenti budou vzd&#283;l&aacute;vat, ale bu&#271;te otev&#345;en&iacute; k jemn&yacute;m nuanc&iacute;m jejich jedine&#269;n&yacute;ch &#382;ivotn&iacute;ch zku&scaron;enost&iacute; a v&yacute;znam&#367;m jejich sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch identit a praktik.<\/li>\n<li>Sna&#382;te se projevit pohodu p&#345;i diskusi o rozmanitosti praktik GSVD (&bdquo;genderov&eacute;, sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; a vztahov&eacute; rozmanitosti&rdquo;).<\/li>\n<li>Uv&#283;domujte si, &#382;e <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o term&iacute;n pou&#382;&iacute;van&yacute; k ozna&#269;en&iacute; toho, jak lid&eacute; pro&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; a vyjad&#345;uj&iacute; sami sebe jako sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; bytosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexualita<\/a> se prol&iacute;n&aacute; a &#382;e se li&scaron;&iacute; v z&aacute;vislosti na <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>, rase, t&#345;&iacute;d&#283;, kultu&#345;e, schopnostech, v&#283;ku, generaci, typu postavy atd. M&#367;&#382;ete se zamyslet nad t&iacute;m, jak&eacute; je to b&yacute;t gayem ve spole&#269;ensk&eacute; t&#345;&iacute;d&#283;, kde je maskulinita vn&iacute;m&aacute;na velmi stereotypn&#283;, jak&eacute; je to b&yacute;t transsexu&aacute;lem v n&aacute;bo&#382;ensk&eacute;m prost&#345;ed&iacute;, kde je existence <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> lid&iacute; vn&iacute;m&aacute;na jako h&#345;&iacute;ch, jak&eacute; je to b&yacute;t lesbou ve velmi konzervativn&iacute; kultu&#345;e, jak&eacute; je to b&yacute;t gayem a tlust&yacute;m v prost&#345;ed&iacute;, kde je velk&yacute; tlak na vzhled t&#283;la). <\/li>\n<li>Normalizujte sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; rozmanitost a r&#367;znorodost variant sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch identit, tu&#382;eb a praktik v&#269;etn&#283; toho, &#382;e &#269;lov&#283;k m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t zcela bez sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; touhy a&#382; po velmi sexu&aacute;ln&#283; aktivn&iacute; osobu. Ne&#345;&iacute;kejte, &#382;e absence sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti nebo vysok&aacute; m&iacute;ra sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; touhy p&#345;edstavuj&iacute; probl&eacute;m, kter&yacute; je t&#345;eba l&eacute;&#269;it, nejsou-li doprov&aacute;zeny psychick&yacute;m str&aacute;d&aacute;n&iacute;m nebo negativn&iacute;mi d&#367;sledky. <\/li>\n<li>Vyvarujte se stereotypu, &#382;e pro lidi s men&scaron;inovou sexualitou je jejich <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o term&iacute;n pou&#382;&iacute;van&yacute; k ozna&#269;en&iacute; toho, jak lid&eacute; pro&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; a vyjad&#345;uj&iacute; sami sebe jako sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; bytosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexualita<\/a> jejich hlavn&iacute;m &#382;ivotn&iacute;m t&eacute;matem. Stejn&#283; tak nep&#345;edpokl&aacute;dejte, &#382;e pro heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lidi nen&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o term&iacute;n pou&#382;&iacute;van&yacute; k ozna&#269;en&iacute; toho, jak lid&eacute; pro&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; a vyjad&#345;uj&iacute; sami sebe jako sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; bytosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexualita<\/a> z&aacute;sadn&iacute; t&eacute;matem. <\/li>\n<li>Sna&#382;te se nep&#345;edpokl&aacute;dat sexualitu studuj&iacute;c&iacute;ho na z&aacute;klad&#283; heteronormativn&iacute;ch p&#345;edpoklad&#367; nebo na z&aacute;klad&#283; jeho\/jej&iacute;ho vzhledu, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a> zm&iacute;n&#283;n&eacute;ho partnera\/ky, p&#345;edstav o norm&aacute;ln&iacute;ch sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch praktik&aacute;ch nebo &#269;ehokoliv jin&eacute;ho. Informujte se o jejich ch&aacute;p&aacute;n&iacute; sexuality a ujist&#283;te se, &#382;e ho respektujete. Bu&#271;te otev&#345;en&iacute; tomu, aby si pro sv&eacute; pro&#382;itky nebo p&#345;ita&#382;livost mohli zvolit jakoukoli &scaron;katulku &ndash; nebo tak&eacute; &#382;&aacute;dnou.  <\/li>\n<li>Uv&#283;domte si d&#367;vody, pro&#269; m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t souhlas v sou&#269;asn&eacute;m kulturn&iacute;m kontextu obt&iacute;&#382;n&yacute;, postavte se proti chov&aacute;n&iacute; bez souhlasu (sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute;, zn&aacute;siln&#283;n&iacute;, nevy&#382;&aacute;dan&eacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; texty atd.) a otev&#345;en&#283; se studenty diskutujte o tom, jak si mohou sami pro sebe i pro ostatn&iacute; zajistit etick&eacute; a konsenzu&aacute;ln&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;. Aktivita, kterou lze prov&eacute;st, zahrnuje diskuzi se studuj&iacute;c&iacute;mi o tom, jak obecn&#283; rozezn&aacute;v&aacute;me situace, kdy n&#283;kdo s n&#283;&#269;&iacute;m souhlas&iacute; nebo kdy je z n&#283;&#269;eho nad&scaron;en&yacute; &ndash; m&#367;&#382;ete o tom uspo&#345;&aacute;dat brainstorming, jak se &#269;lov&#283;k v takov&eacute; situaci tv&aacute;&#345;&iacute; (usm&iacute;v&aacute; se, p&#345;istupuje, p&#345;ikyvuje, &bdquo;Poj&#271;me na to!&rdquo; apod.) a na druh&eacute; stran&#283; jak pozn&aacute;me, kdy&#382; n&#283;kdo n&#283;co nechce (nap&#345;. moc toho nenamluv&iacute;, vyh&yacute;b&aacute; se, &bdquo;ne&rdquo;) nebo kdy&#382; si nen&iacute; jist&yacute; (ml&#269;&iacute;, &bdquo;jo, mo&#382;n&aacute;&rdquo;, m&aacute; v&aacute;&#382;nou tv&aacute;&#345;). Lze diskutovat o tom, &#382;e ka&#382;d&yacute; z n&aacute;s m&#367;&#382;e tyto projevy vyjad&#345;ovat trochu jinak, &#382;e z&aacute;le&#382;&iacute; na tom, jak dob&#345;e dan&eacute;ho &#269;lov&#283;ka zn&aacute;me atd. N&aacute;sledn&#283; m&#367;&#382;eme uspo&#345;&aacute;dat brainstorming, jak&yacute;m zp&#367;sobem se m&#367;&#382;eme osoby zeptat, jestli n&#283;co chce d&#283;lat nebo jestli se j&iacute; n&#283;co l&iacute;b&iacute; &ndash; zapisujeme si to. M&#367;&#382;eme pak diskutovat o stejn&eacute; situaci souhlasu\/nejistoty\/nesouhlasu p&#345;i sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m jedn&aacute;n&iacute;. Sign&aacute;ly budou podobn&eacute; &ndash; souhlas by m&#283;l b&yacute;t nad&scaron;en&yacute;, dotyky\/l&iacute;b&aacute;n&iacute; vz&aacute;jemn&#283; op&#283;tovan&eacute; apod. a tomu m&#367;&#382;eme p&#345;izp&#367;sobit ot&aacute;zky, kter&eacute; jsme si p&#345;edt&iacute;m zapsali &ndash; jak se m&#367;&#382;e kdokoli zeptat, jestli &#269;lov&#283;k chce n&#283;co d&#283;lat v sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m kontextu &ndash; uvedeme konkr&eacute;tn&iacute; p&#345;&iacute;klady, jak si studenti mohou ov&#283;&#345;it souhlas:      <\/li>\n<li>Cht&#283;l\/a bys&hellip;?<\/li>\n<li>Cht&#283;l\/a bych&hellip;, co si o tom mysl&iacute;&scaron;?<\/li>\n<li>Chce&scaron; m&iacute;t te&#271; sex?<\/li>\n<li>M&#367;&#382;u se dotknout tv&eacute;\/ho&hellip;?<\/li>\n<li>L&iacute;b&iacute; se ti, kdy&#382; tohle d&#283;l&aacute;m&hellip;?<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>P&#345;i v&yacute;uce o sexualit&#283; uv&aacute;d&#283;jte p&#345;&iacute;klady r&#367;zn&yacute;ch sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch identit a vztah&#367;, nejen t&#283;ch heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch a normativn&iacute;ch. Ve sv&yacute;ch hodin&aacute;ch m&#367;&#382;ete nap&#345;&iacute;klad poskytnout p&#345;&iacute;klad man&#382;elstv&iacute; dvou &#382;en; vztahu trans mu&#382;e s mu&#382;em; bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute; osoby, kter&aacute; v sou&#269;asn&eacute; dob&#283; chod&iacute; s osobou stejn&eacute;ho genderu\/<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>, atd. T&eacute;ma m&#367;&#382;ete otev&#345;&iacute;t aktivitou zam&#283;&#345;enou na spole&#269;ensk&eacute; normy a co to znamen&aacute; kriticky je analyzovat a p&#345;ekra&#269;ovat. Z toho m&#367;&#382;e vypl&yacute;vat diskuze o o&#269;ek&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;ch a norm&aacute;ch, kter&eacute; se to&#269;&iacute; kolem sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch a romantick&yacute;ch vztah&#367;. P&#345;&iacute;klad takov&eacute; aktivity najdete v <a href=\"\">Norm Criticism Toolkit (2016)<\/a>.    <\/p>\n<p>O genderov&eacute; identit&#283;, sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientaci a biologick&eacute;m <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a> lze p&#345;ed d&#283;tmi hovo&#345;it a p&#345;itom podporovat my&scaron;lenku, &#382;e se jedn&aacute; o spektra &#269;i indiskr&eacute;tn&iacute; jevy vyzna&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute; se slo&#382;itou prom&#283;nlivost&iacute;, kter&eacute; se nedaj&iacute; jinak snadno definovat pomoc&iacute; kategori&iacute; &#269;i n&aacute;lepek, je&#382; by z nich tvo&#345;ily odd&#283;len&eacute; kategorie. M&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t u&#382;ite&#269;n&eacute; mluvit o v&#283;cech, kter&eacute; vn&iacute;m&aacute;me jako bin&aacute;rn&iacute; kategorie. Toto t&eacute;ma d&aacute;le prozkoumejte a brainstormujte o n&#283;kter&yacute;ch p&#345;&iacute;kladech v&#283;c&iacute;, kter&eacute; m&aacute;me tendenci vn&iacute;mat jako bin&aacute;rn&iacute; komplement&aacute;rn&iacute; kategorie (0 a 1 v IT, b&iacute;l&aacute; a &#269;ern&aacute;, horko a zima, den a noc atd.). M&#367;&#382;ete na nich demonstrovat, jak &#269;asto uva&#382;ujeme v bin&aacute;rn&iacute;ch kategori&iacute;ch, av&scaron;ak realita je slo&#382;it&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; &ndash; mezi &#269;ernou a b&iacute;lou jsou odst&iacute;ny &scaron;edi, mezi horkou a studenou jsou r&#367;zn&eacute; stupn&#283; teplot. Tot&eacute;&#382; plat&iacute; pro kategorie jako mu&#382;\/&#382;ena, mu&#382;sk&yacute;\/&#382;ensk&yacute; a heterosexu&aacute;l\/gay. D&#283;tem to v budoucnu pom&#367;&#382;e pochopit vlastn&iacute; identitu a jejich pocity. Praktick&eacute;ho pr&#367;vodce komplexn&iacute; v&yacute;ukou o sexualit&#283; najdete v knize <a href=\"\">Gender, Sexuality and Sexual Orientation: Training Manual (2019, strany 7-10).<\/a>      <\/p>\n<p>Jako dal&scaron;&iacute; aktivitu k diskuzi o sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; rozmanitosti lze pou&#382;&iacute;t &bdquo;Sv&#283;t vzh&#367;ru nohama&rdquo; popsanou v knize <a href=\"http:\/\/www.injuve.es\/sites\/default\/files\/adjuntos\/2021\/02\/guia_somos_diversidad.pdf\"><em>Somos Diversidades<\/em><\/a> (Pichardo et al, 2020, s. 67). P&#345;i t&eacute;to aktivit&#283; studuj&iacute;c&iacute; individu&aacute;ln&#283; a anonymn&#283; vypl&#328;uj&iacute; takzvan&yacute; &bdquo;Dotazn&iacute;k o heterosexualit&#283;&rdquo; obsahuj&iacute;c&iacute; ot&aacute;zky, kter&eacute; neheterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute; &#269;asto dost&aacute;vaj&iacute;, jako jsou nap&#345;&iacute;klad: &bdquo;St&aacute;lo v&aacute;s p&#345;ijet&iacute; va&scaron;&iacute; heterosexuality mnoho s&iacute;ly?&rdquo;, &bdquo;Pl&aacute;nujete to &#345;&iacute;ct sv&eacute; rodin&#283;?&rdquo; a dal&scaron;&iacute;. Po vypln&#283;n&iacute; dotazn&iacute;ku m&#367;&#382;ete zah&aacute;jit diskuzi a zeptat se heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch i neheterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch student&#367;, jak&eacute; to pro n&#283; bylo, kdy&#382; tuto aktivitu prov&aacute;d&#283;li, a co jim p&#345;i&scaron;lo zaj&iacute;mav&eacute; nebo naopak &scaron;okuj&iacute;c&iacute;. Aktivita by m&#283;la b&yacute;t zavr&scaron;ena informacemi o sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; rozmanitosti.  <\/p>\n<p>Abyste se vypo&#345;&aacute;dali s b&#283;&#382;n&yacute;mi m&yacute;ty o asexualit&#283;, m&#367;&#382;ete se inspirovat aktivitami v knize <a href=\"http:\/\/www.injuve.es\/sites\/default\/files\/adjuntos\/2021\/02\/guia_somos_diversidad.pdf\"><em>Somos Diversidades<\/em><\/a> (Pichardo et al, 2020, s. 93) Za&#269;n&#283;te t&iacute;m, &#382;e t&#345;&iacute;du rozd&#283;l&iacute;te do skupin po 3 4 osob&aacute;ch. Zadejte jim test na t&eacute;ma <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Asexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lze ji definovat jako absenci sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch sklon&#367; zam&#283;&#345;en&yacute;ch na n&#283;jakou jinou osobu (nikoliv absenci sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; touhy jako takov&eacute; - asexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute; mohou, ale nemusej&iacute; m&iacute;t r&aacute;di nap&#345;&iacute;klad masturbaci).&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/asexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">asexualita<\/a> (viz n&iacute;&#382;e), ve kter&eacute;m by m&#283;ly ozna&#269;it, zda je dan&eacute; tvrzen&iacute; PRAVDIV&Eacute;, nebo NEPRAVDIV&Eacute;, a z&aacute;m&#283;rn&#283; jim dejte na odpov&#283;di velmi kr&aacute;tk&yacute; &#269;as (navrhujeme 3 minuty, podle va&scaron;ich zku&scaron;enost&iacute; se t&#345;&iacute;dou lze tento &#269;as zkr&aacute;tit), aby doch&aacute;zelo pouze k rychl&yacute;m debat&aacute;m. Pot&eacute; se m&#367;&#382;eme se skupinami zamyslet &ndash; jak se da&#345;ilo tak rychle rozhodovat? Rozhodovaly se skupiny jasn&#283; a jednotn&#283;? N&aacute;sledn&#283; projdeme ot&aacute;zku po ot&aacute;zce a shrom&aacute;&#382;d&iacute;me odpov&#283;di v&scaron;ech skupin, pod&iacute;v&aacute;me se, co se shoduje, v &#269;em se li&scaron;&iacute;, a na z&aacute;v&#283;r uvedeme spr&aacute;vnou odpov&#283;&#271;. Pot&eacute; se doporu&#269;uje prom&iacute;tnout n&#283;jak&eacute; video nebo jin&eacute; za&#345;azen&iacute; &#382;it&eacute; zku&scaron;enosti s asexualitou. Na konci m&#367;&#382;eme hodinu uzav&#345;&iacute;t ot&aacute;zkou ohledn&#283; toho, co bylo p&#345;ekvapiv&eacute;, co si z n&iacute; odn&aacute;&scaron;&iacute;me jako hlavn&iacute; poznatek apod.      <\/p>\n<ol><li>Asexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute; nemaj&iacute; sex.<\/li>\n<li>Asexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute; neradi masturbuj&iacute;.<\/li>\n<li>Asexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute; mohou m&iacute;t vztah pouze s lidmi, kte&#345;&iacute; jsou tak&eacute; asexu&aacute;ln&iacute;.<\/li>\n<li>Je mo&#382;n&eacute;, &#382;e asexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute; budou cht&iacute;t zalo&#382;it rodinu.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Asexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lze ji definovat jako absenci sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch sklon&#367; zam&#283;&#345;en&yacute;ch na n&#283;jakou jinou osobu (nikoliv absenci sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; touhy jako takov&eacute; - asexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute; mohou, ale nemusej&iacute; m&iacute;t r&aacute;di nap&#345;&iacute;klad masturbaci).&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/asexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Asexualita<\/a> je siln&#283; spojena s n&aacute;bo&#382;ensk&yacute;m p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;en&iacute;m.<\/li>\n<\/ol><p>Spr&aacute;vn&eacute; odpov&#283;di:<\/p>\n<ol><li>NEPRAVDA: Asexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute; jsou definov&aacute;ni jako ti, kte&#345;&iacute; nec&iacute;t&iacute; nebo poci&#357;uj&iacute; malou sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; touhu po jin&yacute;ch lidech. Mohou v&scaron;ak m&iacute;t sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; vztahy s jin&yacute;mi lidmi, nap&#345;&iacute;klad aby uspokojili sami sebe, kdy&#382; c&iacute;t&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; touhu, aby uspokojili sv&eacute; partnery &#269;i za &uacute;&#269;elem po&#269;et&iacute; d&iacute;t&#283;te. <\/li>\n<li>NEPRAVDA: Asexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute; si mohou u&#382;&iacute;vat masturbaci, mohou masturbovat jako kdokoli jin&yacute; z r&#367;zn&yacute;ch d&#367;vod&#367; &ndash; kv&#367;li vzru&scaron;en&iacute;, pro uvoln&#283;n&iacute; nebo jako sou&#269;&aacute;st sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch vztah&#367;, kter&eacute; maj&iacute; se sv&yacute;mi partnery.<\/li>\n<li>NEPRAVDA: Asexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute; mohou m&iacute;t romantick&eacute; vztahy jak s lidmi v r&aacute;mci asexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho spektra, tak s lidmi alosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;mi (tedy &bdquo;jinak sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;mi&rdquo;, heterosexu&aacute;ly, gayi, lesbami, bisexu&aacute;ly, pansexu&aacute;ly atd.). Asexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute; mohou svou identitu pojmenov&aacute;vat r&#367;zn&yacute;mi zp&#367;soby &ndash; n&#283;kte&#345;&iacute; z nich pou&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; term&iacute;ny jako heteroromantick&yacute;, androromantick&yacute; (romantick&eacute; t&iacute;hnut&iacute; k mu&#382;&#367;m a mu&#382;sk&yacute;m lidem), panromantick&yacute; atd. <\/li>\n<li>PRAVDA: Touha m&iacute;t d&#283;ti nebo zalo&#382;it rodinu nen&iacute; spojena se sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; touhou, tak&#382;e asexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute; mohou, ale nemus&iacute; m&iacute;t touhu m&iacute;t d&#283;ti nebo zalo&#382;it rodinu stejn&#283; jako alosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute;.<\/li>\n<li>NEPRAVDA: Celib&aacute;t a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; abstinence nedefinuj&iacute; asexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lidi ani naopak. Asexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute; nep&#345;est&aacute;vaj&iacute; m&iacute;t sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; vztahy z jak&eacute;hokoliv p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;en&iacute;, pouze nec&iacute;t&iacute; nebo poci&#357;uj&iacute; n&iacute;zkou sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; touhu po jin&yacute;ch lidech. <\/li>\n<\/ol><p>Kdy&#382; mluv&iacute;me o &scaron;katulk&aacute;ch a rozmanitosti v oblasti <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje trvalou formu citov&eacute;, romantick&eacute; a\/nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti k mu&#382;&#367;m, &#382;en&aacute;m nebo k ob&#283;ma pohlav&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-orientace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/a>, m&#367;&#382;eme, abychom se vyhnuli p&#345;&iacute;li&scaron;n&eacute; sexualizaci v podob&#283; vytv&aacute;&#345;en&iacute; dojmu, &#382;e <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o term&iacute;n pou&#382;&iacute;van&yacute; k ozna&#269;en&iacute; toho, jak lid&eacute; pro&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; a vyjad&#345;uj&iacute; sami sebe jako sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; bytosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexualita<\/a> neheterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch lid&iacute; je hlavn&iacute;m ur&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute;m znakem jejich osobnosti, za&#345;adit tak&eacute; aktivitu &bdquo;Hv&#283;zda m&eacute;ho j&aacute;&rdquo;, p&#345;i kter&eacute; maj&iacute; &#382;&aacute;ci hv&#283;zdu a do ka&#382;d&eacute;ho jej&iacute;ho 6. vrcholu nap&iacute;&scaron;&iacute; n&#283;jakou vlastnost nebo charakteristiku. Tato aktivita je p&#345;evzata z <a href=\"\">Teacher&rsquo;s Guide to Inclusive Education<\/a> (IGLYO, 2015, p. 17).  Tato aktivita vrac&iacute; pohled zp&#283;t k tomu, &#382;e jsou lid&eacute; komplexn&iacute;mi lidsk&yacute;mi bytostmi, a m&#367;&#382;e tak uk&aacute;zat to, co maj&iacute; v&scaron;ichni spole&#269;n&eacute;ho. V r&aacute;mci aktivity m&#367;&#382;eme kl&aacute;st ot&aacute;zky, zda jsou n&#283;kter&eacute; vlastnosti v&iacute;ce skryt&eacute; nebo naopak v&iacute;ce projevovan&eacute;, jak se jev&iacute; v r&#367;zn&yacute;ch soci&aacute;ln&iacute;ch kontextech a jak&eacute; byly celkov&eacute; pocity studuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch p&#345;i t&eacute;to aktivit&#283; &ndash; jak se c&iacute;tili, kdy&#382; svou identitu z&uacute;&#382;ili do t&#283;chto 6 bod&#367;. <\/p>\n<p>B&#283;hem diskuze o biologick&yacute;ch atributech <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>, o tom, jak b&yacute;v&aacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a> zapisov&aacute;no a jak je definovan&eacute; nad r&aacute;mec bin&aacute;rn&iacute;ch kategori&iacute;, nezapome&#328;te mluvit o <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Intersex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; term&iacute;n, kter&yacute; se pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute; k popisu &scaron;irok&eacute; &scaron;k&aacute;ly p&#345;irozen&yacute;ch t&#283;lesn&yacute;ch variac&iacute;. Popisuje kambinace pohlavn&iacute;ch charakteristik, kter&eacute; nespadaj&iacute; do b&#283;&#382;n&eacute;ho bin&aacute;rn&iacute;ho d&#283;len&iacute; na mu&#382;e a &#382;eny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/intersex\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intersex<\/a> lidech a za&#269;le&#328;te toto t&eacute;ma do v&yacute;uky sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;chovy. Vyhn&#283;te se pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; potenci&aacute;ln&#283; konfliktn&iacute;ch a z&aacute;rove&#328; i &scaron;kodliv&yacute;ch term&iacute;n&#367;, jako je nap&#345;&iacute;klad &ldquo;hermafrodit&rdquo;, proto&#382;e tento v&yacute;raz m&aacute; negativn&iacute; konotaci, jeliko&#382; se n&#283;kdy pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute; jako ur&aacute;&#382;ka a &#269;ast&#283;ji se j&iacute;m ozna&#269;uj&iacute; zv&iacute;&#345;ata s mu&#382;sk&yacute;mi i &#382;ensk&yacute;mi pohlavn&iacute;mi org&aacute;ny. Abyste mohli podat n&aacute;le&#382;it&eacute; informace o intersexualit&#283;, mohli byste si pozvat odborn&iacute;ka\/odbornici na toto t&eacute;ma, kter&yacute;\/kter&aacute; by pro v&aacute;s\/va&scaron;e kolegy a t&#345;&iacute;dy p&#345;ipravil\/a program).  <\/p>\n<p>Co se t&yacute;&#269;e ozna&#269;en&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje trvalou formu citov&eacute;, romantick&eacute; a\/nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti k mu&#382;&#367;m, &#382;en&aacute;m nebo k ob&#283;ma pohlav&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-orientace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/a> nebo <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Intersex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; term&iacute;n, kter&yacute; se pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute; k popisu &scaron;irok&eacute; &scaron;k&aacute;ly p&#345;irozen&yacute;ch t&#283;lesn&yacute;ch variac&iacute;. Popisuje kambinace pohlavn&iacute;ch charakteristik, kter&eacute; nespadaj&iacute; do b&#283;&#382;n&eacute;ho bin&aacute;rn&iacute;ho d&#283;len&iacute; na mu&#382;e a &#382;eny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/intersex\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intersex<\/a> statusu, tak je nikdy nesd&#283;lujte dal&scaron;&iacute;m lidem, pokud s t&iacute;m doty&#269;n&aacute; osoba nesouhlasila. Jestli&#382;e si mysl&iacute;te, &#382;e tyto informace pot&#345;ebuje zn&aacute;t i n&#283;kdo dal&scaron;&iacute;, nejprve to s doty&#269;nou osobou proberte, po&#382;&aacute;dejte ji o souhlas a respektujte jej&iacute; p&#345;&aacute;n&iacute;. <\/p>\n<p>Do v&yacute;kladu zahr&#328;te informace o bezpe&#269;n&yacute;ch vztaz&iacute;ch a interakc&iacute;ch, vyzv&#283;te studuj&iacute;c&iacute; k brainstormingu o tom, k jak&yacute;m n&aacute;siln&yacute;m situac&iacute;m a <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a> na z&aacute;klad&#283; genderu m&#367;&#382;e doch&aacute;zet a jak&yacute;mi zp&#367;soby je mo&#382;n&eacute; je &#345;e&scaron;it (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fhi360.org\/resource\/gender-sexuality-and-sexual-orientation-training-manual\">Gender, Sexuality and Sexual Orientation: Training Manual<\/a> (2019, pages 45- 52).<\/p>\n<p>Abyste p&#345;ede&scaron;li misogynii a nerovnostem, bo&#345;te <strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Genderov&eacute; stereotypy&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;jsou to p&#345;edpoklady o tom, jac&iacute; jsou obvykle mu&#382;i a &#382;eny, nebo jak by se &#382;eny a mu&#382;i m&#283;li chovat, aby byli &amp;quot;spr&aacute;vn&yacute;mi&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/genderove-stereotypy\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">genderov&eacute; stereotypy<\/a><\/strong> (<a href=\"https:\/\/ukfeminista.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Exploring-gender-stereotypes.pdf\">nap&#345;&iacute;klad pomoc&iacute; t&eacute;to metodiky<\/a>) a kdy&#382; pracujete s d&#283;tmi, p&#345;istupujte k nim rovnopr&aacute;vn&#283;, d&aacute;vejte jim stejn&eacute; p&#345;&iacute;le&#382;itosti nebo jim nab&iacute;zejte stejn&eacute; hra&#269;ky\/p&#345;edm&#283;ty a povzbuzujte je, aby si vyzkou&scaron;ely v&scaron;echny druhy aktivit. Uv&aacute;d&#283;jte p&#345;&iacute;klady slavn&yacute;ch osobnost&iacute; z &#345;ad spisovatel&#367;, v&#283;dc&#367; a ve&#345;ejn&yacute;ch &#269;initel&#367; v&scaron;ech <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>. Posilujte respekt a porozum&#283;n&iacute;. P&#345;i d&#283;len&iacute; t&#345;&iacute;dy do skupin zkuste p&#345;ij&iacute;t s jin&yacute;mi n&aacute;pady ne&#382; je bin&aacute;rn&iacute; d&#283;len&iacute; (chlapci a d&iacute;vky), vyzkou&scaron;ejte nap&#345;&iacute;klad d&#283;len&iacute; podle toho, kdo m&aacute; r&aacute;d ko&#269;ky a kdo psy, nebo n&aacute;hodn&eacute; d&#283;len&iacute;.  <\/p>\n<p>Proto&#382;e nez&#345;&iacute;dka postr&aacute;d&aacute;me dovednosti v oblasti dotazov&aacute;n&iacute; se na souhlas a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; role lid&iacute; mohou b&yacute;t ovlivn&#283;ny stereotypy zalo&#382;en&yacute;mi na genderu, m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t vhodn&eacute; diskutovat o <strong>sexismu<\/strong>, jeho podob&aacute;ch a vytv&aacute;&#345;et prostor, ve kter&eacute;m <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexismus<\/a> nem&aacute; m&iacute;sto.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>1.4.1. &#344;e&scaron;en&iacute; sexismu<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Abychom mohli &#345;e&scaron;it probl&eacute;m sexismu<\/strong>, m&#367;&#382;eme se d&aacute;le inspirovat n&aacute;sleduj&iacute;c&iacute;mi tipy a tak&eacute; se pod&iacute;vat na n&#283;kter&eacute; p&#345;&iacute;padov&eacute; studie <a href=\"https:\/\/ukfeminista.org.uk\/resources\/case-studies\/\">z konkr&eacute;tn&iacute;ch &scaron;kol.<\/a> National Education Union and UK Feminista (2017) doporu&#269;uj&iacute;:<\/p>\n<p>Zaujmout <strong>&bdquo;celo&scaron;koln&iacute; p&#345;&iacute;stup&rdquo; p&#345;i &#345;e&scaron;en&iacute; sexismu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul><li>&bdquo;Celo&scaron;koln&iacute; p&#345;&iacute;stup&rdquo; p&#345;edstavuje opat&#345;en&iacute; na podporu rovnosti mezi d&iacute;vkami a chlapci, kter&aacute; se op&iacute;raj&iacute; o zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; r&aacute;mec zahrnuj&iacute;c&iacute; v&scaron;echny &#269;leny spole&#269;enstv&iacute; &scaron;koly. To umo&#382;n&iacute; jednotn&yacute; p&#345;&iacute;stup a dlouhodob&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; zm&#283;nu. <\/li>\n<li>Mezi t&#345;i kl&iacute;&#269;ov&eacute; slo&#382;ky celo&scaron;koln&iacute;ho p&#345;&iacute;stupu pat&#345;&iacute;:\n<ul><li><strong>Institucion&aacute;ln&iacute; r&aacute;mec:<\/strong> zaveden&iacute; strategie, kter&aacute; je podporov&aacute;na &scaron;koln&iacute; politikou a &#345;&iacute;zena veden&iacute;m &scaron;koly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Budov&aacute;n&iacute; person&aacute;ln&iacute;ch kapacit:<\/strong> vybaven&iacute; vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute;ch a v&scaron;ech zam&#283;stnanc&#367; dovednostmi, znalostmi a zdroji, kter&eacute; jim umo&#382;n&iacute; porozum&#283;t sexismu, identifikovat ho a &#345;e&scaron;it. A to i prost&#345;ednictv&iacute;m p&#345;&iacute;le&#382;itost&iacute; pro vzd&#283;l&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Posilov&aacute;n&iacute; postaven&iacute; studuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch:<\/strong> umo&#382;n&#283;te studuj&iacute;c&iacute;m diskutovat o sexismu a u&#269;it se o n&#283;m, aby mohli hl&aacute;sit incidenty a jednat ve prosp&#283;ch rovnosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Uplat&#328;ov&aacute;n&iacute; p&#345;&iacute;stupu <strong>nulov&eacute; tolerance k sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;mu obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute;.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul><li>Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; by m&#283;lo b&yacute;t specificky a explicitn&#283; &#345;e&scaron;eno v r&aacute;mci &scaron;koln&iacute; politiky, v&#269;etn&#283; jasn&yacute;ch procedur&aacute;ln&iacute;ch pokyn&#367;, kter&eacute; budou d&#367;sledn&#283; prosazov&aacute;ny. Pokud se jimi &scaron;kola nezab&yacute;v&aacute;, zkuste je &#345;e&scaron;it ve vlastn&iacute; t&#345;&iacute;d&#283; a normalizovat je. <\/li>\n<li>V&scaron;ichni zam&#283;stnanci by m&#283;li zn&aacute;t politiku a postupy &scaron;koly t&yacute;kaj&iacute;c&iacute; se p&#345;&iacute;pad&#367; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute;.<\/li>\n<li>V&scaron;ichni studuj&iacute;c&iacute; by m&#283;li b&yacute;t informov&aacute;ni o nulov&eacute; toleranci &scaron;koly v&#367;&#269;i sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;mu obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; a m&#283;li by b&yacute;t podporov&aacute;ni v tom, aby p&#345;&iacute;pady sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; hl&aacute;sili.<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>&Uacute;vodn&iacute; hodina o sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; pro &#382;&aacute;ky st&#345;edn&iacute;ch &scaron;kol (se zjednodu&scaron;en&iacute;m aktivity a mal&yacute;mi obm&#283;nami v n&iacute; &ndash; nejsp&iacute;&scaron;e v&yacute;pov&#283;di) lze pou&#382;&iacute;t i na z&aacute;kladn&iacute;ch &scaron;kol&aacute;ch. Na tuto aktivitu je pot&#345;eba alespo&#328; 60 minut. <\/p>\n<ul><li>Uve&#271;te, o &#269;em bude hodina a vysv&#283;tlete definici sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute;:<\/li>\n<\/ul><p><strong>Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; je ne&#382;&aacute;douc&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; povahy, kter&eacute;:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul><li>poru&scaron;uje d&#367;stojnost osoby.<\/li>\n<li>zastra&scaron;uje, poni&#382;uje nebo poko&#345;uje n&#283;koho, nebo<\/li>\n<li>vytv&aacute;&#345;&iacute; nep&#345;&aacute;telsk&eacute; nebo ur&aacute;&#382;liv&eacute; prost&#345;ed&iacute;..<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; m&#367;&#382;e zahrnovat verb&aacute;ln&iacute;, neverb&aacute;ln&iacute; a fyzick&eacute; jedn&aacute;n&iacute; &ndash; v&#269;etn&#283; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch pozn&aacute;mek, po&#345;izov&aacute;n&iacute; fotografi&iacute; &bdquo;pod sukn&iacute;&rdquo; nebo nevy&#382;&aacute;dan&yacute;ch sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch dotyk&#367;. Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; je formou <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a>, kter&eacute; je v&#283;t&scaron;inou nam&iacute;&#345;eno proti &#382;en&aacute;m a d&iacute;vk&aacute;m, ale m&#367;&#382;e se t&yacute;kat osob jak&eacute;hokoliv genderu. Pokud je nam&iacute;&#345;eno proti d&iacute;vk&aacute;m a &#382;en&aacute;m, je &#269;asto zalo&#382;eno na nerovn&yacute;ch mocensk&yacute;ch vztaz&iacute;ch mezi &#382;enami a mu&#382;i. Za sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; &uacute;tok se pova&#382;uje tak&eacute; nevy&#382;&aacute;dan&eacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; dot&yacute;k&aacute;n&iacute;, p&#345;i n&#283;m&#382; doty&#269;n&aacute; osoba s dotykem nesouhlas&iacute; a pachatel se nepr&aacute;vem domn&iacute;v&aacute;, &#382;e s n&iacute;m souhlasila.   <\/p>\n<p>Pot&eacute; rozd&#283;l&iacute;te t&#345;&iacute;du do mal&yacute;ch skupinek a ka&#382;d&eacute; rozd&aacute;te v&yacute;tisky v&yacute;pov&#283;d&iacute; lid&iacute;, kte&#345;&iacute; se stali ob&#283;t&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. Skupiny by m&#283;ly m&iacute;t 10 minut na jejich prodiskutov&aacute;n&iacute;: <\/p>\n<ul><li>&bdquo;N&#283;kte&#345;&iacute; chlapci trous&iacute; pozn&aacute;mky o t&#283;lech mnoh&yacute;ch d&iacute;vek v na&scaron;ich ro&#269;n&iacute;c&iacute;ch a d&iacute;vky to prost&#283; musej&iacute; ignorovat, proto&#382;e to nikdo nepova&#382;uje za velk&yacute; probl&eacute;m. Chlapci tak&eacute; d&iacute;vky pl&aacute;caj&iacute; po zadku a sahaj&iacute; jim na prsa, ani&#382; by jim k tomu daly svolen&iacute;.&rdquo;<\/li>\n<li>&bdquo;Kluci si za&#269;ali myslet, &#382;e je z&aacute;bavn&eacute; zvedat d&iacute;vk&aacute;m sukn&#283;. P&#345;esto&#382;e jsme se c&iacute;tily pon&iacute;&#382;en&eacute;, i my jako holky jsme m&#283;ly pocit, &#382;e se tomu mus&iacute;me sm&aacute;t.&rdquo;<\/li>\n<li>&bdquo;Potom, co jsme byli spole&#269;n&#283; v baz&eacute;nu, se spolu&#382;&aacute;ci sna&#382;ili odhadovat velikost penisu n&#283;kter&yacute;ch chlapc&#367; a vtipkovali na t&eacute;ma &bdquo;mal&eacute; p&eacute;ro&rdquo;, co&#382; bylo opravdu trapn&eacute; a poni&#382;uj&iacute;c&iacute;.&rdquo;<\/li>\n<li>&bdquo;Jsem nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;, ale ve sv&eacute;m projevu jsem docela femininn&iacute; osoba &ndash; r&aacute;d*a nos&iacute;m kr&aacute;tk&eacute; sukn&#283;, podpatky a r&aacute;d*a se l&iacute;&#269;&iacute;m a tak. N&#283;kte&#345;&iacute; lidi ve t&#345;&iacute;d&#283; (hlavn&#283; kluci) o mn&#283; za&#269;ali mluvit jako o &bdquo;d&#283;vce&rdquo; nebo &bdquo;sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; pracovnici&rdquo;. Kdy&#382; se se mnou potkaj&iacute;, d&#283;laj&iacute; si ze m&#283; legraci typu: &bdquo;Jak to jde s tv&yacute;mi klienty, kolik jsi jich dneska m&#283;la?&rdquo;, &bdquo;&Scaron;la bys se mnou? Za kolik? Co bys d&#283;lala?&rdquo;. Ti co tomu byli sv&#283;dky, se v&#382;dycky jen sm&aacute;li.&rdquo;<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>U ka&#382;d&eacute;ho cit&aacute;tu po&#382;&aacute;dejte studuj&iacute;c&iacute;, aby prodiskutovali tyto t&#345;i body:<\/p>\n<ul><li>V &#269;em se jedn&aacute; o sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute;?<\/li>\n<li>Jak se podle v&aacute;s m&#367;&#382;e c&iacute;tit osoba, kter&aacute; toto obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; za&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;?<\/li>\n<li>Jak&aacute; opat&#345;en&iacute; by podle v&aacute;s m&#283;la b&yacute;t p&#345;ijata?<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Pot&eacute; se z&uacute;&#269;astn&#283;n&yacute;mi diskutujte:<\/p>\n<ul><li>Jak odpov&iacute;dali na v&yacute;&scaron;e uveden&eacute; t&#345;i body?<\/li>\n<li>Zazn&#283;la v cit&aacute;tech n&#283;jak&aacute; spole&#269;n&aacute; t&eacute;mata?<\/li>\n<li>Shodli by se na odpov&#283;d&iacute;ch nebo o &#269;em diskutovali?<\/li>\n<li>Po&#382;&aacute;dejte je, jak by na z&aacute;klad&#283; cit&aacute;t&#367; popsali sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute;?<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>N&aacute;sledn&#283; p&#345;edstavte nov&yacute; &scaron;koln&iacute; &#345;&aacute;d. Pou&#269;te je o tom, kam se mohou obr&aacute;tit o pomoc, stanou-li se ter&#269;em sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute;, a informujte je, kter&eacute; osoby jsou za tuto oblast ve &scaron;kole zodpov&#283;dn&eacute;. Informujte o tom, jak bude &scaron;kola reagovat v&#367;&#269;i osob&aacute;m, kter&eacute; se dopust&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; v&#367;&#269;i jin&eacute;mu &#382;&aacute;kovi nebo u&#269;iteli nebo se na n&#283;m pod&iacute;lej&iacute;.  <\/p>\n<p>Ponechte n&#283;kolik minut na dotazy.<\/p>\n<h3>1.5. REFERENCE<\/h3>\n<p>Antonsen, A. N., Zdaniuk, B., Yule, M., &amp; Brotto, L. A. (2020). Ace and aro: Understanding differences in romantic attractions among persons identifying as asexual. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 49(5), 1615-1630. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-019-01600-1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-019-01600-1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;APA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Americk&aacute; psychologick&aacute; asociace&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/apa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>APA<\/a> (2008). Answers to your questions: For a better understanding of sexual orientation and homosexuality. Washington, DC: Author. [Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.apa.org\/topics\/lgbt\/orientation.pdf\">www.apa.org\/topics\/lgbt\/orientation.pdf<\/a>.]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;APA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Americk&aacute; psychologick&aacute; asociace&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/apa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>APA<\/a> (2015). Guidelines for psychological practice with transgender and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">gender<\/a> nonconforming people. American psychologist, 70(9), 832-864.<\/p>\n<p>Barber, K., &amp; Hidalgo, D. A. (2017). <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Queer&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;&iacute;davn&eacute; jm&eacute;no pou&#382;&iacute;van&eacute; n&#283;kter&yacute;mi lidmi, jejich&#382; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace nen&iacute; v&yacute;hradn&#283; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; nebo heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;. Tento zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; term&iacute;n zahrnuje lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; maj&iacute; nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;, genderov&#283; fluidn&iacute; nebo genderov&#283; nekonformn&iacute; identitu. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/queer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Queer<\/a>. Encyclopaedia Britannica. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/queer-sexual-politics\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/queer-sexual-politics<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Barker, M. J. (2017). <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Gender<\/a>, sexual, and relationship diversity (<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;GSRD&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Genderov&aacute;, sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; a vztahov&aacute; rozmanitost&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gsrd\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">GSRD<\/a>). British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy.<\/p>\n<p>Bogaert, A. F. (2015). Asexuality: What it is and why it matters. Journal of sex research, 52(4), 362-379.<\/p>\n<p>Cools, M., Nordenstr&ouml;m, A., Robeva, R., Hall, J., Westerveld, P., Fl&uuml;ck, C., &hellip; &amp; Pasterski, V. (2018). Caring for individuals with a difference of sex development (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;DSD&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Rozd&iacute;ly v pohlavn&iacute;m v&yacute;voji&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/dsd\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>DSD<\/a>): a consensus statement. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 14(7), 415-429.<\/p>\n<p>Dillon, F. R., Worthington, R. L., &amp; Moradi, B. (2011). Sexual Identity as a Universal Process. Handbook of Identity Theory and Research, 649&ndash;670. doi:10.1007\/978-1-4419-7988-9_27<\/p>\n<p>Fontanesi, L., Marchetti, D., Limoncin, E., Rossi, R., Nimbi, F. M., Mollaioli, D., &hellip; &amp; Ciocca, G. (2021). Hypersexuality and Trauma: A mediation and moderation model from psychopathology to problematic sexual behaviour. Journal of Affective Disorders, 281, 631-637.<\/p>\n<p>Guz, S., Hecht, H. K., Kattari, S. K., Gross, E. B., &amp; Ross, E. (2022). A Scoping Review of Empirical Asexuality Research in Social Science Literature. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 1-11.<\/p>\n<p>IGLYO (2015). Teacher&rsquo;s Guide to Inclusive Education. Retrieved from. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iglyo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Teachers-Guide.pdf\">https:\/\/www.iglyo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Teachers-Guide.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>IGLYO, OII &amp; EPA (2018). Supporting your <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Intersex&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; term&iacute;n, kter&yacute; se pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute; k popisu &scaron;irok&eacute; &scaron;k&aacute;ly p&#345;irozen&yacute;ch t&#283;lesn&yacute;ch variac&iacute;. Popisuje kambinace pohlavn&iacute;ch charakteristik, kter&eacute; nespadaj&iacute; do b&#283;&#382;n&eacute;ho bin&aacute;rn&iacute;ho d&#283;len&iacute; na mu&#382;e a &#382;eny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/intersex\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">intersex<\/a> child &ndash; A parents&rsquo; toolkit. Available from:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oiieurope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Supporting-your-intersex-child_WEB_final.pdf\">https:\/\/www.oiieurope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Supporting-your-intersex-child_WEB_final.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>InterACT. What We Wish Our Teachers Knew. Retrieved from: <a href=\"https:\/\/live-interact-advocates.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/BROCHURE-interACT-Teachers-final.pdf\">https:\/\/live-interact-advocates.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/BROCHURE-interACT-Teachers-final.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Jagose, A. (1996). <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Queer&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;&iacute;davn&eacute; jm&eacute;no pou&#382;&iacute;van&eacute; n&#283;kter&yacute;mi lidmi, jejich&#382; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace nen&iacute; v&yacute;hradn&#283; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; nebo heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;. Tento zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; term&iacute;n zahrnuje lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; maj&iacute; nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;, genderov&#283; fluidn&iacute; nebo genderov&#283; nekonformn&iacute; identitu. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/queer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Queer<\/a> Theory: An Introduction. New York, New York University Press: 153.<\/p>\n<p>Kaplan, M. S., &amp; Krueger, R. B. (2010). Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment of Hypersexuality. Journal of Sex Research, 47(2-3), 181&ndash;198. doi:10.1080\/00224491003592863<\/p>\n<p>Morgan, E. M. (2013). Contemporary Issues in Sexual Orientation and Identity Development in Emerging Adulthood. Emerging Adulthood, 1(1), 52&ndash;66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2167696812469187<\/p>\n<p>National Education Union and UK Feminista (2017).&ldquo;It&rsquo;s just everywhere&rdquo;: A study on sexism in schools&ndash; and how we tackle it. Available from: https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/report-its-just-everywhere-neu-uk-feminista\/168079cee0<\/p>\n<p>O&rsquo;Malley, R. L., Holt, K., &amp; Holt, T. J. (2020). An Exploration of the Involuntary Celibate (Incel) Subculture Online. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 088626052095962. doi:10.1177\/0886260520959625<\/p>\n<p>Pachankis, J. E., Rendina, H. J., Restar, A., Ventuneac, A., Grov, C., &amp; Parsons, J. T. (2015). A <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Minority stress&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;viz dist&aacute;ln&iacute; a proxim&aacute;ln&iacute; men&scaron;inov&yacute; stres.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/minority-stress\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">minority stress<\/a>&mdash;emotion regulation model of sexual compulsivity among highly sexually active gay and bisexual men. Health Psychology, 34(8), 829&ndash;840. doi:10.1037\/hea0000180<\/p>\n<p>Pichardo, J. I., De St&eacute;fano, M., Puche, L., Fumero, K., Carrasco, A., C&aacute;ceres, A., &hellip; &amp; Herranz, Y. (2020). Somos diversidad. Actividades para la formaci&oacute;n de profesionales de la educaci&oacute;n formal y no formal en diversidad sexual, familiar, corporal y de expresi&oacute;n e identidad de g&eacute;nero.<\/p>\n<p>Pito&#328;&aacute;k, M. (2017). Stanoviska odborn&yacute;ch spole&#269;nost&iacute; jsou jednotn&aacute;: odm&iacute;taj&iacute; &bdquo;l&eacute;&#269;bu homosexuality&ldquo;. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Queer&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;&iacute;davn&eacute; jm&eacute;no pou&#382;&iacute;van&eacute; n&#283;kter&yacute;mi lidmi, jejich&#382; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace nen&iacute; v&yacute;hradn&#283; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; nebo heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;. Tento zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; term&iacute;n zahrnuje lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; maj&iacute; nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;, genderov&#283; fluidn&iacute; nebo genderov&#283; nekonformn&iacute; identitu. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/queer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Queer<\/a> Geography, z. s.. Dostupn&eacute; na: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.queergeography.cz\/lgbtq-psychologie\/stanoviska-odbornych-spolecnosti\/\">https:\/\/www.queergeography.cz\/lgbtq-psychologie\/stanoviska-odbornych-spolecnosti\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Pito&#328;&aacute;k, M. &amp; Mach&aacute;&#269;kov&aacute;, M. (2022). Standardy a doporu&#269;en&iacute; pro zji&scaron;&#357;ov&aacute;n&iacute; spole&#269;ensk&eacute;ho postaven&iacute;, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Diskriminace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lze ji definovat jako nerovn&eacute; nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; zach&aacute;zen&iacute; s ur&#269;itou osobou nebo se skupinou osob v d&#367;sledku p&#345;edsudk&#367;. Nejedn&aacute; se pouze o odsudky nebo nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; pocity, ale o projevy nesn&aacute;&scaron;enlivosti, kter&eacute; spo&#269;&iacute;vaj&iacute; v odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; a\/nebo vylu&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute; osob, v&#367;&#269;i nim&#382; m&aacute; &#269;lov&#283;k p&#345;edsudky. It is not only judgements or unfavourable feelings but acts of intolerance that consist of rejecting and\/or excluding people against whom one is prejudiced. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/diskriminace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">diskriminace<\/a> a <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a> v&#367;&#269;i neheterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m a genderov&#283; rozmanit&yacute;m osob&aacute;m.<\/p>\n<p>Savin-Williams, R. C. (2011a). Identity Development Among Sexual-Minority Youth. In Handbook of Identity Theory and Research (pp. 671&ndash;689). Springer New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4419-7988-9_28<\/p>\n<p>Sell, R. L. (1997). Defining and measuring sexual orientation: A review. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 26(6), 643&ndash;658. DOI: 10.1023\/A:1024528427013<\/p>\n<p>Tolerance, T. (2018). Best practices for serving LGBTQ students: A Teaching Tolerance guide.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iglyo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Norm-Criticism-Toolkit.pdf\">https:\/\/www.iglyo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Norm-Criticism-Toolkit.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;WHO&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Sv&#283;tov&aacute; zdravotnick&aacute; organizace&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/who\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>WHO<\/a> (2006). Accessible from: https:\/\/www.<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;WHO&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Sv&#283;tov&aacute; zdravotnick&aacute; organizace&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/who\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>who<\/a>.int\/teams\/sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-research\/key-areas-of-work\/sexual-health\/defining-sexual-health<\/p>\n<p>Women, U. N., &amp; UNICEF. (2018). International technical guidance on sexuality education: an evidence-informed approach. UNESCO Publishing.13<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o term&iacute;n pou&#382;&iacute;van&yacute; k ozna&#269;en&iacute; toho, jak lid&eacute; pro&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; a vyjad&#345;uj&iacute; sami sebe jako sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; bytosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexualita<\/a> je mnohem rozmanit&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; a komplexn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; fenom&eacute;n ne&#382; bin&aacute;rn&iacute; d&#283;len&iacute; na heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; a homosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;. P&#345;edstavuje sp&iacute;&scaron;e spektrum r&#367;zn&yacute;ch identit, n&aacute;klonnost&iacute; a chov&aacute;n&iacute;. Existuj&iacute; t&#345;i dimenze sexuality &ndash; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Popisuje mezilidsk&yacute; psychologick&yacute; rozm&#283;r sexuality, jen&#382; se t&yacute;k&aacute; romantick&yacute;ch a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch cit&#367;, kter&eacute; chov&aacute;me k druh&yacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-pritazlivost\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost<\/a>, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jde o chov&aacute;n&iacute; jednotlivce, kter&eacute; m&#367;&#382;e, ale nemus&iacute;, b&yacute;t v souladu s jeho sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientac&iacute; a identitou.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-chovani\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;<\/a> a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; identita. V&scaron;echny t&#345;i se p&#345;ekr&yacute;vaj&iacute;, ale v&#283;t&scaron;inou jen &#269;&aacute;ste&#269;n&#283;. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexualita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o term&iacute;n pou&#382;&iacute;van&yacute; k ozna&#269;en&iacute; toho, jak lid&eacute; pro&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; a vyjad&#345;uj&iacute; sami sebe jako sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; bytosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexualita<\/a> je jin&eacute; t&eacute;ma ne&#382; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Genderov&aacute; identita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;vnit&#345;n&iacute; osobn&iacute; vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; vlastn&iacute; identity, kter&eacute; souvis&iacute; se soci&aacute;ln&iacute;mi a kulturn&iacute;mi definicemi genderu. Genderov&aacute; identita &#269;lov&#283;ka se m&#367;&#382;e shodovat s pohlav&iacute;m, kter&eacute; bylo zaps&aacute;no p&#345;i narozen&iacute; (cisgender), nebo se od n&#283;j r&#367;zn&yacute;mi zp&#367;soby li&scaron;it. U v&#283;t&scaron;iny lid&iacute; je genderov&aacute; identita shodn&aacute; s pohlav&iacute;m zapsan&yacute;m p&#345;i narozen&iacute;; u trans, nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;ch a dal&scaron;&iacute;ch genderov&#283; rozmanit&yacute;ch osob se genderov&aacute; identita v r&#367;zn&eacute; m&iacute;&#345;e li&scaron;&iacute; od pohlav&iacute; zapsan&eacute;ho p&#345;i narozen&iacute; (APA, 2015).  &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/genderova-identita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">genderov&aacute; identita<\/a>, i kdy&#382; spolu souvisej&iacute;. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje trvalou formu citov&eacute;, romantick&eacute; a\/nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti k mu&#382;&#367;m, &#382;en&aacute;m nebo k ob&#283;ma pohlav&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-orientace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/a> [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9163,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-8385","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","no-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/8385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8385"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/8385\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/9163"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=8385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}