{"id":10301,"date":"2023-04-04T17:44:44","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T17:44:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/docs\/guide-for-educators\/9-environment-influences-6369\/9-2-sexism-6526\/"},"modified":"2023-05-13T17:21:40","modified_gmt":"2023-05-13T17:21:40","slug":"9-2-sexism-6526","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/docs\/guide-for-educators\/9-environment-influences-6369\/9-2-sexism-6526\/","title":{"rendered":"9.2. SEXISMUS"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10301\" class=\"elementor elementor-10301 elementor-6526\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-47c583ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"47c583ac\" data-element_type=\"section\"><div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2faad313\" data-id=\"2faad313\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-290f9c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"290f9c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_enforcing_roles_on_people_based_on_their_gender_c04711d3-d1b1-4c47-b971-c45b322e7865-1024x512.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8707\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_enforcing_roles_on_people_based_on_their_gender_c04711d3-d1b1-4c47-b971-c45b322e7865-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_enforcing_roles_on_people_based_on_their_gender_c04711d3-d1b1-4c47-b971-c45b322e7865-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_enforcing_roles_on_people_based_on_their_gender_c04711d3-d1b1-4c47-b971-c45b322e7865-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_enforcing_roles_on_people_based_on_their_gender_c04711d3-d1b1-4c47-b971-c45b322e7865-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_enforcing_roles_on_people_based_on_their_gender_c04711d3-d1b1-4c47-b971-c45b322e7865-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_enforcing_roles_on_people_based_on_their_gender_c04711d3-d1b1-4c47-b971-c45b322e7865.png 1728w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03ea0b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"03ea0b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9eb9518 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9eb9518\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexismus<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> je soubor postoj&#367; zam&#283;&#345;en&yacute;ch v&#367;&#269;i lidem kv&#367;li jejich biologick&eacute;mu <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>, kter&eacute; podporuj&iacute; nerovnost mezi &#382;enami a mu&#382;i. Sou&#269;asn&eacute; pojet&iacute; uzn&aacute;v&aacute;, &#382;e v sexismu mohou vedle sebe koexistovat prvky odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; &#382;en, kter&eacute; jsou zjevn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; (nep&#345;&aacute;telsk&yacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexismus<\/a>), s jin&yacute;mi, jemn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;mi formami (<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Benevolentn&iacute; sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;isuzuje &#382;en&aacute;m zd&aacute;nliv&#283; pozitivn&iacute; vlastnosti, jako je soucit, n&#283;ha, jemnost atd., kter&eacute; z nich &#269;in&iacute; dobr&eacute; man&#382;elky a matky, a proto jsou st&aacute;le stav&#283;ny do tradi&#269;n&iacute;ch rol&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/benevolentni-sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">benevolentn&iacute; sexismus<\/a>).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Nep&#345;&aacute;telsk&yacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexismus<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> p&#345;edstavuje negativn&iacute; naz&iacute;r&aacute;n&iacute;, v n&#283;m&#382; existuj&iacute; p&#345;edsude&#269;n&eacute; postoje nebo diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute; v&#367;&#269;i &#382;en&aacute;m na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich &uacute;dajn&eacute; m&eacute;n&#283;cennosti dan&eacute; jejich p&#345;irozen&yacute;mi &#382;ensk&yacute;mi vlastnostmi.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Benevolentn&iacute; sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;isuzuje &#382;en&aacute;m zd&aacute;nliv&#283; pozitivn&iacute; vlastnosti, jako je soucit, n&#283;ha, jemnost atd., kter&eacute; z nich &#269;in&iacute; dobr&eacute; man&#382;elky a matky, a proto jsou st&aacute;le stav&#283;ny do tradi&#269;n&iacute;ch rol&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/benevolentni-sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Benevolentn&iacute; sexismus<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> je jemn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;, m&aacute; pozitivn&iacute; t&oacute;n a je zalo&#382;en na p&#345;isuzov&aacute;n&iacute; pozitivn&iacute;ch vlastnost&iacute; a schopnost&iacute; &#382;en&aacute;m, kter&eacute; se v&scaron;ak soust&#345;ed&iacute; na jejich roli man&#382;elek, matek a romantick&yacute;ch objekt&#367;. To v kone&#269;n&eacute;m d&#367;sledku utvrzuje my&scaron;lenku, &#382;e jsou k&#345;ehk&eacute; a &#382;e mnoho v&#283;c&iacute; samy nezvl&aacute;dnou, a proto pot&#345;ebuj&iacute; ochranu mu&#382;&#367;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chlapci\/mu&#382;i obvykle vykazuj&iacute; vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; m&iacute;ru nep&#345;&aacute;telsk&eacute;ho sexismu, zat&iacute;mco p&#345;i zkoum&aacute;n&iacute; benevolentn&iacute; slo&#382;ky jsou v&yacute;sledky rozporupln&eacute;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Obecn&#283; lze &#345;&iacute;ci, &#382;e vysok&aacute; m&iacute;ra sexismu se u dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;ch vyskytuje i v dne&scaron;n&iacute; dob&#283;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexismus<\/a> souvis&iacute; s ni&#382;&scaron;&iacute;mi studijn&iacute;mi v&yacute;sledky a ni&#382;&scaron;&iacute; &uacute;rovn&iacute; vzd&#283;l&aacute;n&iacute;. Sexistick&eacute; prost&#345;ed&iacute; v bl&iacute;zk&eacute;m okruhu dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;ch v n&#283;kter&yacute;ch zem&iacute;ch zp&#367;sobuje, &#382;e d&iacute;vky se m&eacute;n&#283; &#269;asto ne&#382; chlapci hl&aacute;s&iacute; na vysokou &scaron;kolu a &#269;ast&#283;ji p&#345;ij&iacute;maj&iacute; tradi&#269;n&iacute; role.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexismus<\/a> souvis&iacute; s postoji k <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a>, a to nejen k <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a> na z&aacute;klad&#283; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a> &#269;i genderu, ale i k jin&yacute;m zp&#367;sob&#367;m <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a>, jako je &scaron;ikana ve &scaron;kole.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sexistick&eacute; postoje jsou tak&eacute; spojeny s rizikov&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;m sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;m chov&aacute;n&iacute;m, v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost&iacute; k sexistick&yacute;m partner&#367;m a v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute; citovou z&aacute;vislost&iacute; uvnit&#345; p&aacute;ru.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ke kulturn&iacute;mu p&#345;enosu sexismu p&#345;isp&iacute;vaj&iacute; i n&#283;kter&eacute; zp&#367;soby pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; jazyka.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52b449bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52b449bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>9.2.1.&Uacute;VOD<\/h3><p><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexismus<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>, kter&eacute;mu jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; charakteristiky (Garaigordobil &amp; Aliri, 2011). Teoreticky lze za sexistick&eacute; ozna&#269;it jak&eacute;koliv hodnocen&iacute; osoby na z&aacute;klad&#283; jej&iacute;ho biologick&eacute;ho <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>, tak&#382;e se m&#367;&#382;e t&yacute;kat lid&iacute; jak&eacute;hokoliv genderu. Nicm&eacute;n&#283; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexismus<\/a> v&#367;&#269;i &#382;en&aacute;m je nej&#269;ast&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; a vych&aacute;z&iacute; z domn&#283;l&eacute; m&eacute;n&#283;cennosti &#382;en jako skupiny.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexismus<\/a> je strukturuj&iacute;c&iacute;m prvkem soci&aacute;ln&iacute;ch vztah&#367; mezi mu&#382;i a &#382;enami. Vytv&aacute;&#345;&iacute; a udr&#382;uje nerovnosti, nebo&#357; mu&#382;&#367;m p&#345;izn&aacute;v&aacute; ur&#269;it&aacute; privilegia jen proto, &#382;e jsou mu&#382;i (jejich pr&aacute;ce je l&eacute;pe placen&aacute;, nad&aacute;le zauj&iacute;maj&iacute; mocensk&eacute; pozice ve vysok&eacute; politice, ekonomice a ve vzd&#283;l&aacute;vac&iacute; sf&eacute;&#345;e), zat&iacute;mco &#382;eny jsou nad&aacute;le podce&#328;ov&aacute;ny, jejich &#269;innost je vn&iacute;m&aacute;na jako bezcenn&aacute;, jejich touhy a o&#269;ek&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; z&#367;st&aacute;vaj&iacute; na druh&eacute;m m&iacute;st&#283; a jejich p&#345;&iacute;nos pro d&#283;jiny lidstva z&#367;st&aacute;v&aacute; v u&#269;ebnic&iacute;ch nedocen&#283;n.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P&#345;&iacute;tomnost sexismu a jeho formy se mohou v jednotliv&yacute;ch kultur&aacute;ch li&scaron;it, ale ve v&#283;t&scaron;in&#283; spole&#269;nost&iacute; je realitou. P&#345;esto&#382;e roste z&aacute;jem o p&#345;ekon&aacute;n&iacute; sexismu, v mnoha ohledech byl zm&iacute;rn&#283;n v z&aacute;jmu dosa&#382;en&iacute; rovnosti a uzn&aacute;n&iacute;, pr&aacute;ce mezi mu&#382;i a &#382;enami, ve sv&yacute;ch subtiln&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;ch aspektech p&#345;etrv&aacute;v&aacute; v mnoha p&#345;&iacute;padech, ani&#382; bychom si toho byli v&#283;domi.<\/span><\/p><h3>9.2.2. ROZVOJ T&Eacute;MATU<\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Glick a Fiske (2001) navrhli <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&bdquo;teorii ambivalentn&iacute;ho sexismu&ldquo;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, jak je vid&#283;t na obr&aacute;zku 11, ud&aacute;vaj&iacute; u sexismu dv&#283; slo&#382;ky, kter&eacute; mohou koexistovat: hostiln&iacute; a benevolentn&iacute;, tak&#382;e sexistick&eacute; opovr&#382;en&iacute; m&#367;&#382;e koexistovat s pozitivn&iacute;mi pocity v&#367;&#269;i &#382;en&aacute;m, a tedy s ambivalenc&iacute; v&#367;&#269;i nim. <\/span><b>Hostiln&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexismus<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> je strukturov&aacute;n do t&#345;&iacute; kategori&iacute;:<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/fig_12\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10417\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-10417\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Fig_12-1024x748.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"748\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Fig_12-1024x748.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Fig_12-300x219.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Fig_12-768x561.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Fig_12-20x15.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Fig_12.png 1288w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/a><\/p><p>&nbsp;<\/p><h6>Obr&aacute;zek 12. Teorie ambivalentn&iacute;ho sexismu (EN: Ambivalent Sexism Theory)<\/h6><ol><li aria-level=\"1\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Dominantn&iacute; paternalismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;en&iacute;, &#382;e &#382;eny jsou slab&eacute; nebo m&eacute;n&#283;cenn&eacute; a m&#283;ly by b&yacute;t kontrolov&aacute;ny a &#345;&iacute;zeny mu&#382;i.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/dominantni-paternalismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Dominantn&iacute; paternalismus<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> je p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;en&iacute;, &#382;e &#382;eny jsou slab&eacute; nebo m&eacute;n&#283;cenn&eacute; a m&#283;ly by b&yacute;t kontrolov&aacute;ny a &#345;&iacute;zeny mu&#382;i.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Konkuren&#269;n&iacute; genderov&aacute; diferenciace, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kter&aacute; se vztahuje k p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;en&iacute;, &#382;e &#382;eny jsou odli&scaron;n&eacute; a nemaj&iacute; vlastnosti nezbytn&eacute; pro zapojen&iacute; do ve&#345;ejn&eacute; sf&eacute;ry, a proto by m&#283;ly b&yacute;t omezeny na soukromou oblast.<\/span><\/li><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; nep&#345;&aacute;telstv&iacute;\/hostilita,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> kter&eacute; vych&aacute;z&iacute; z p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;en&iacute;, &#382;e &#382;eny maj&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&#283;-reproduk&#269;n&iacute; s&iacute;lu, kterou by mohly vyu&#382;&iacute;t k manipulaci s mu&#382;i.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Benevolentn&iacute; sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;isuzuje &#382;en&aacute;m zd&aacute;nliv&#283; pozitivn&iacute; vlastnosti, jako je soucit, n&#283;ha, jemnost atd., kter&eacute; z nich &#269;in&iacute; dobr&eacute; man&#382;elky a matky, a proto jsou st&aacute;le stav&#283;ny do tradi&#269;n&iacute;ch rol&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/benevolentni-sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Benevolentn&iacute; sexismus<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">naproti tomu p&#345;isuzuje &#382;en&aacute;m zd&aacute;nliv&#283; pozitivn&iacute; vlastnosti, jako je soucit, n&#283;ha, jemnost atd., d&iacute;ky nim&#382; jsou dobr&yacute;mi man&#382;elkami a matkami, a proto jsou st&aacute;le odsouv&aacute;ny do tradi&#269;n&iacute;ch rol&iacute;. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Benevolentn&iacute; sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;isuzuje &#382;en&aacute;m zd&aacute;nliv&#283; pozitivn&iacute; vlastnosti, jako je soucit, n&#283;ha, jemnost atd., kter&eacute; z nich &#269;in&iacute; dobr&eacute; man&#382;elky a matky, a proto jsou st&aacute;le stav&#283;ny do tradi&#269;n&iacute;ch rol&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/benevolentni-sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Benevolentn&iacute; sexismus<\/a> zahrnuje n&aacute;sleduj&iacute;c&iacute; aspekty:<\/span><\/p><ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Ochran&aacute;&#345;sk&yacute; paternalismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Zahrnuje p&#345;edpoklad, &#382;e mu&#382;i jsou pe&#269;ovateli a ochr&aacute;nci &#382;en.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/ochranarsky-paternalismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Ochran&aacute;&#345;sk&yacute; paternalismus<\/a><\/b><b>, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kter&yacute; vych&aacute;z&iacute; z p&#345;edstavy, &#382;e mu&#382;i jsou pe&#269;ovateli a ochr&aacute;nci &#382;en. &#381;eny by m&#283;ly explicitn&#283; nebo implicitn&#283; uznat svou k&#345;ehkost a pod&#345;&iacute;zenost p&#345;ed mu&#382;i a akceptovat mu&#382;skou dominanci.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Komplement&aacute;rn&iacute; genderov&aacute; diferenciace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Vypov&iacute;d&aacute; o tom, &#382;e &#382;eny maj&iacute; pozitivn&iacute; vlastnosti, kter&eacute; dopl&#328;uj&iacute; mu&#382;e (t&yacute;kaj&iacute; se domova a rodiny).&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/komplementarni-genderova-diferenciace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Komplement&aacute;rn&iacute; genderov&aacute; diferenciace<\/a><\/b><b>: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#381;eny maj&iacute; pozitivn&iacute; vlastnosti (souvisej&iacute;c&iacute; s domovem a rodinou), kter&eacute; dopl&#328;uj&iacute; mu&#382;e.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; intimita&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;vych&aacute;z&iacute; z p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;en&iacute;, &#382;e heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; romantick&eacute; vztahy jsou nezbytn&eacute; pro to, aby mu&#382;i a &#382;eny byli skute&#269;n&#283; &scaron;&#357;astn&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/heterosexualni-intimita\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; intimita<\/a> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zalo&#382;en&aacute; na p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;en&iacute;, &#382;e heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; romantick&eacute; vztahy jsou nezbytn&eacute; pro to, aby mu&#382;i a &#382;eny byli skute&#269;n&#283; &scaron;&#357;astn&iacute;.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Souhrnn&#283; &#345;e&#269;eno, <\/span><b><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Ambivalentn&iacute; sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Poukazuje na existenci explicitn&iacute;ch i subtiln&iacute;ch p&#345;edsudk&#367;, kter&eacute; se mohou vz&aacute;jemn&#283; kombinovat, &#269;&iacute;m&#382; se sexismus st&aacute;v&aacute; relativn&#283; neviditeln&yacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/ambivalentni-sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">ambivalentn&iacute; sexismus<\/a><\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">p&#345;edpokl&aacute;d&aacute; existenci explicitn&iacute;ch a subtiln&iacute;ch p&#345;edsudk&#367;, kter&eacute; se mohou vz&aacute;jemn&#283; kombinovat, &#269;&iacute;m&#382; se <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexismus<\/a> st&aacute;v&aacute; relativn&#283; neviditeln&yacute;m. N&#283;kte&#345;&iacute; auto&#345;i tvrd&iacute;, &#382;e <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Benevolentn&iacute; sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;isuzuje &#382;en&aacute;m zd&aacute;nliv&#283; pozitivn&iacute; vlastnosti, jako je soucit, n&#283;ha, jemnost atd., kter&eacute; z nich &#269;in&iacute; dobr&eacute; man&#382;elky a matky, a proto jsou st&aacute;le stav&#283;ny do tradi&#269;n&iacute;ch rol&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/benevolentni-sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">benevolentn&iacute; sexismus<\/a> je mnohem zhoubn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; ne&#382; nep&#345;&aacute;telsk&yacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexismus<\/a>, proto&#382;e maskuje jeho pravou podstatu. &#381;eny toti&#382; &#269;ast&#283;ji odm&iacute;taj&iacute; nep&#345;&aacute;telsk&yacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexismus<\/a>, kter&yacute; je zjevn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;, a p&#345;isp&iacute;vaj&iacute; tak k jeho p&#345;ekon&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&Uacute;rove&#328; sexismu ovliv&#328;uj&iacute; r&#367;zn&eacute; faktory, nap&#345;&iacute;klad kulturn&iacute; kontext, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>, v&#283;k, &uacute;rove&#328; vzd&#283;l&aacute;n&iacute; atd. Mnoho studi&iacute; zkoumalo rozd&iacute;ly v sexismu mezi mu&#382;i a &#382;enami a zjistilo konzistentn&iacute; rozd&iacute;ly v nep&#345;&aacute;telsk&eacute;m sexismu (tj. mu&#382;i vykazuj&iacute; vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; m&iacute;ru nep&#345;&aacute;telsk&eacute;ho sexismu ne&#382; &#382;eny), ale nekonzistentn&iacute; v&yacute;sledky v p&#345;&iacute;pad&#283; benevolentn&iacute;ho sexismu.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pokud jde o v&#283;k, r&#367;zn&eacute; studie zjistily zv&yacute;&scaron;enou &uacute;rove&#328; sexismu u dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;ch (vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; ne&#382; u star&scaron;&iacute;ch dosp&#283;l&yacute;ch), a&#269;koli vysok&aacute; &uacute;rove&#328; sexismu byla zaznamen&aacute;na i u osob star&scaron;&iacute;ch 60 let (Garaigordobil, 2015). P&#345;edpokl&aacute;d&aacute; se, &#382;e <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexismus<\/a> s v&#283;kem kles&aacute;, proto&#382;e si jedinci v&iacute;ce uv&#283;domuj&iacute; nespravedlnost sexismu. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Obdob&iacute;, kdy je soci&aacute;ln&#283;-v&yacute;chovn&aacute; intervence nejpot&#345;ebn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; a nej&uacute;&#269;inn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;, jsou p&#345;echodov&aacute; obdob&iacute;, jako je dosp&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;. V t&#283;chto f&aacute;z&iacute;ch je v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute; flexibilita pro osvojov&aacute;n&iacute; nov&yacute;ch koncept&#367; a v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute; otev&#345;enost v&#367;&#269;i vliv&#367;m, ne&#382; se postoje upevn&iacute;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R&#367;zn&iacute; auto&#345;i zjistili, &#382;e n&#283;kter&eacute; n&aacute;bo&#382;ensk&eacute; komunity mohou tak&eacute; udr&#382;ovat <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexismus<\/a>. Bylo zji&scaron;t&#283;no, &#382;e vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; m&iacute;ra &uacute;&#269;asti v n&#283;kter&yacute;ch n&aacute;bo&#382;ensk&yacute;ch komunit&aacute;ch souvis&iacute; s vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; m&iacute;rou sexismu (Rodr&iacute;guez &amp; Lameiras, 2002).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pokud jde o interakci mezi vzd&#283;l&aacute;n&iacute;m a sexismem, v posledn&iacute;ch desetilet&iacute;ch tradi&#269;n&iacute; znev&yacute;hodn&#283;n&iacute; &#382;en miz&iacute; a d&iacute;vky vykazuj&iacute; podobnou nebo dokonce vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; &uacute;rove&#328; v&yacute;konu a napl&#328;ov&aacute;n&iacute; o&#269;ek&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; ne&#382; chlapci (D&iacute;az-Aguado, 2003). Nad&aacute;le v&scaron;ak nar&aacute;&#382;ej&iacute; na&nbsp; &bdquo;sklen&#283;n&yacute; strop&ldquo;, kter&yacute; &#382;en&aacute;m br&aacute;n&iacute; v rovn&eacute;m p&#345;&iacute;stupu k mocensk&yacute;m pozic&iacute;m. To souvis&iacute; s obt&iacute;&#382;emi p&#345;i sla&#271;ov&aacute;n&iacute; pracovn&iacute;ho a osobn&iacute;ho &#382;ivota, kter&eacute; n&#283;kter&eacute; dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; d&iacute;vky o&#269;ek&aacute;vaj&iacute; a vyjad&#345;uj&iacute; v tomto ohledu sv&eacute; obavy (Arnold &amp; Noble, 1996). M&#367;&#382;e to b&yacute;t tak&eacute; d&#367;sledek nedostatku reprezentace &#382;ensk&yacute;ch postav (a osob jin&yacute;ch gender&#367;) na mocensk&yacute;ch pozic&iacute;ch, co&#382; &#382;en&aacute;m zt&#283;&#382;uje p&#345;edstavu sebe sama v t&#283;chto rol&iacute;ch.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je faktem, &#382;e <\/span><b>ni&#382;&scaron;&iacute; studijn&iacute; v&yacute;sledky a ni&#382;&scaron;&iacute; &uacute;rove&#328; vzd&#283;l&aacute;n&iacute; souvis&iacute; s vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; m&iacute;rou sexismu<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;, jejich&#382; rodi&#269;e maj&iacute; vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; &uacute;rove&#328; vzd&#283;l&aacute;n&iacute;, &#269;ast&#283;ji projevuj&iacute; odm&iacute;tav&yacute; postoj k sexistick&yacute;m postoj&#367;m (S&aacute;inz, Mart&iacute;nez &amp; Meneses, 2020). Existuje tak&eacute; souvislost mezi sexismem a &scaron;patn&#283; vn&iacute;man&yacute;mi studijn&iacute;mi v&yacute;sledky, a to jak u chlapc&#367;, tak u d&iacute;vek. Pokud jde o skute&#269;n&yacute; prosp&#283;ch (nejen vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute;), tato souvislost se t&yacute;k&aacute; p&#345;edev&scaron;&iacute;m d&iacute;vek (Dardenne, Dumont &amp; Bollier, 2007). Pokud maj&iacute; d&iacute;vky sexistick&eacute; soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a dom&aacute;c&iacute; prost&#345;ed&iacute;, je u nich m&eacute;n&#283; pravd&#283;podobn&eacute; ne&#382; u chlapc&#367;, &#382;e se zap&iacute;&scaron;&iacute; na vysoko&scaron;kolsk&eacute; obory, kter&eacute; jsou vysoce specializovan&eacute; a kvalifikovan&eacute;. Tyto typy prost&#345;ed&iacute; ovliv&#328;uj&iacute; o&#269;ek&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; d&iacute;vek ohledn&#283; jejich kari&eacute;rn&iacute;ch vyhl&iacute;dek a zvy&scaron;uj&iacute; pravd&#283;podobnost, &#382;e p&#345;ijmou tradi&#269;n&iacute; role (Vidal, 2018). Maj&iacute; ni&#382;&scaron;&iacute; z&aacute;m&#283;ry volit kari&eacute;ru v oblasti p&#345;&iacute;rodn&iacute;ch v&#283;d, technologi&iacute;, in&#382;en&yacute;rstv&iacute; a matematiky, ni&#382;&scaron;&iacute; akademickou sebed&#367;v&#283;ru a obecn&#283; hor&scaron;&iacute; kognitivn&iacute; v&yacute;kon.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tento efekt byl vysv&#283;tlen na z&aacute;klad&#283; modelu <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sebenapl&#328;uj&iacute;c&iacute;ho se proroctv&iacute;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Tento model postuluje, &#382;e o&#269;ek&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; vzhledem k &#269;lov&#283;ku m&#367;&#382;e iniciovat sled ud&aacute;lost&iacute;, kter&eacute; zp&#367;sob&iacute;, &#382;e dan&yacute; &#269;lov&#283;k za&#269;ne vykazovat chov&aacute;n&iacute; odpov&iacute;daj&iacute;c&iacute; o&#269;ek&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;, &#269;&iacute;m&#382; se p&#367;vodn&#283; fale&scaron;n&eacute; o&#269;ek&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; stane pravdiv&yacute;m. Sexistick&aacute; reprezentace sv&#283;ta ji&#382; od &uacute;tl&eacute;ho v&#283;ku v&scaron;em lidem zprost&#345;edkov&aacute;v&aacute;, s jak&yacute;mi vlastnostmi, hodnotami a probl&eacute;my by se m&#283;li chlapci a d&iacute;vky ztoto&#382;&#328;ovat a jak&yacute;ch &#269;innost&iacute; by se m&#283;li a nem&#283;li &uacute;&#269;astnit. D&iacute;vky se pak mohou vn&iacute;mat jako neschopn&eacute; vzhledem k ur&#269;it&yacute;m typ&#367;m studia nebo jejich dokon&#269;en&iacute; (nebo &#382;e pro n&#283; nejsou vhodn&eacute;), co&#382; je m&#367;&#382;e v&eacute;st k takov&eacute;mu chov&aacute;n&iacute;, aby se toto p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;en&iacute; nakonec stalo skute&#269;nost&iacute;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ve studii proveden&eacute; v 52 zem&iacute;ch (Archer, 2006) <\/span><b>byla zji&scaron;t&#283;na souvislost mezi sexismem a normalizac&iacute; genderov&#283; podm&iacute;n&#283;n&eacute;ho <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Studie proveden&eacute; konkr&eacute;tn&#283; u dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;ch rovn&#283;&#382; zjistily, &#382;e sexistick&eacute; postoje souvisej&iacute; s postoji k <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a>. Dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;, kte&#345;&iacute; prezentuj&iacute; v&iacute;ce sexistick&yacute;ch postoj&#367;, maj&iacute; tak&eacute; pozitivn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; postoje k partnersk&eacute;mu <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a>, rizikov&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jde o chov&aacute;n&iacute; jednotlivce, kter&eacute; m&#367;&#382;e, ale nemus&iacute;, b&yacute;t v souladu s jeho sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientac&iacute; a identitou.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-chovani\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;<\/a>, v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost pro sexistick&eacute; partnery, v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute; podporu idealizovan&eacute;ho m&yacute;tu l&aacute;sky a pojet&iacute; l&aacute;sky spojen&eacute; s utrpen&iacute;m, rizikov&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; emocion&aacute;ln&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jde o chov&aacute;n&iacute; jednotlivce, kter&eacute; m&#367;&#382;e, ale nemus&iacute;, b&yacute;t v souladu s jeho sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientac&iacute; a identitou.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-chovani\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute;<\/a>, v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute; emocion&aacute;ln&iacute; z&aacute;vislost v p&aacute;ru a hor&scaron;&iacute; kvalitu vztah&#367; (Ramiro-S&aacute;nchez, Ramiro, Berm&uacute;dez &amp; Buela-Casal, 2018). Johnson et al. pozorovali (2015), &#382;e p&aacute;ch&aacute;n&iacute; partnersk&eacute;ho <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a> a viktimizace se zvy&scaron;uje od adolescence do mlad&eacute; dosp&#283;losti, zat&iacute;mco Lohman et al. zjistili (2013), &#382;e partnersk&eacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a> vykazuje stabilitu b&#283;hem ran&eacute; dosp&#283;losti. Tyto v&yacute;sledky zd&#367;raz&#328;uj&iacute; d&#367;le&#382;itost pr&aacute;ce na sexistick&yacute;ch postoj&iacute;ch a p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;en&iacute;ch b&#283;hem dosp&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;, aby se omezily siln&eacute; d&#367;sledky, kter&eacute; by mohly m&iacute;t v pozd&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;m &#382;ivot&#283;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; si b&#283;hem adolescence st&aacute;le utv&aacute;&#345;ej&iacute; genderovou identitu. Pokud je tvo&#345;ena na z&aacute;kladech sexismu, mohou se dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; ztoto&#382;&#328;ovat s probl&eacute;my typicky asociovan&yacute;mi s mu&#382;i (kontrola, tvrdost) a &#382;ensk&yacute;mi stereotypy (pasivita, z&aacute;vislost, submise), co&#382; d&#283;l&aacute; z mu&#382;&#367; pravd&#283;podobn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; pachatele <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a> a &#382;eny pravd&#283;podobn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;mi ob&#283;&#357;mi tohoto <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexismus<\/a> v&scaron;ak nesouvis&iacute; pouze s n&aacute;sil&iacute;m v r&aacute;mci p&aacute;rov&yacute;ch nebo romantick&yacute;ch vztah&#367;. Bylo zji&scaron;t&#283;no, &#382;e souvis&iacute; tak&eacute; se &scaron;ikanou ve &scaron;kole (Ovejero, Yubero, Larra&ntilde;aga &amp; Navarro, 2013).<\/span><\/p><h4><strong>9.2.2.1. Sexismus a jazyk<\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N&#283;kter&aacute; u&#382;it&iacute; jazyka p&#345;isp&iacute;vaj&iacute; ke kulturn&iacute;mu p&#345;enosu sexismu, nap&#345;&iacute;klad n&#283;kter&eacute; jazyky ozna&#269;uj&iacute; sv&#283;t v&yacute;hradn&#283; v mu&#382;sk&eacute;m rod&#283; a skr&yacute;vaj&iacute; na &uacute;rovni slov &#382;eny. Tak nap&#345;&iacute;klad ve &scaron;pan&#283;lsk&eacute;m a &#269;esk&eacute;m jazyce se &#269;asto pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute; mu&#382;sk&yacute; rod pro ozna&#269;en&iacute; obou <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a> a existuje ur&#269;it&yacute; odpor k pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; &#382;ensk&eacute;ho rodu p&#345;i ozna&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute; profes&iacute; a kvalifikac&iacute;. V angli&#269;tin&#283; I v &#269;e&scaron;tin&#283; se v n&#283;kter&yacute;ch n&aacute;zvech pracovn&iacute;ch pozic spojuje povol&aacute;n&iacute; s jedn&iacute;m pohlav&iacute;m, a&#269;koliv danou pr&aacute;ci m&#367;&#382;e vykon&aacute;vat osoba kter&eacute;hokoliv <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>. Mnoho lid&iacute; take st&aacute;le pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute; z&aacute;jmeno ozna&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute; jedno <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a> (on), i kdy&#382; se sd&#283;lovan&aacute; informace t&yacute;k&aacute; stejn&#283; obou <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a> (&bdquo;ka&#382;d&yacute; &#382;&aacute;k by si m&#283;l posb&iacute;rat sv&eacute; v&#283;ci&ldquo;). V t&#283;chto jazyc&iacute;ch mohou m&iacute;t toto&#382;n&aacute; slova r&#367;zn&yacute; v&yacute;znam podle toho, zda pou&#382;ijete &#382;ensk&yacute;, nebo mu&#382;sk&yacute; tvar (pozitivn&iacute; nebo neutr&aacute;ln&iacute; u mu&#382;sk&eacute;ho tvaru a pejorativn&iacute; u &#382;ensk&eacute;ho). Existuj&iacute; tak&eacute; negativn&iacute; p&#345;&iacute;davn&aacute; jm&eacute;na, kter&aacute; existuj&iacute; pouze pro pojmenov&aacute;n&iacute; &#382;en. Nap&#345;&iacute;klad v angli&#269;tin&#283; existuje slovo pro neprovdanou star&scaron;&iacute; &#382;enu &ndash; &bdquo;star&aacute; panna&ldquo; &ndash; ale pro mu&#382;e ekvivalent neexistuje. Existuje slovo&nbsp; &bdquo;svobodn&yacute; ml&aacute;denec&ldquo;, ale to nenese negativn&iacute; konotace. Podobn&eacute; jevy byly studov&aacute;ny i v korej&scaron;tin&#283;, hind&scaron;tin&#283;, n&#283;m&#269;in&#283; atd.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Existuj&iacute; dobr&eacute; d&#367;kazy o tom, &#382;e <\/span><b>zm&#283;na jazyka skute&#269;n&#283; m&#283;n&iacute; vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; lid&iacute;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Studie ukazuj&iacute;, &#382;e kdy&#382; p&#345;i rozhovoru nebo prezentaci informac&iacute; d&#283;tem pou&#382;ijete inkluzivn&iacute; formu pro pojmenov&aacute;n&iacute; povol&aacute;n&iacute;, budou s v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute; pravd&#283;podobnost&iacute; tvrdit, &#382;e &#382;eny mohou b&yacute;t &uacute;sp&#283;&scaron;n&eacute; nebo &#382;e je pro n&#283; dan&eacute; povol&aacute;n&iacute; vhodn&eacute;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pojmenov&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;m sv&#283;ta v mu&#382;sk&eacute;m i &#382;ensk&eacute;m rod&#283; jedn&aacute;me s v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute; spravedlnost&iacute;, ale tak&eacute; s v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute; p&#345;esnost&iacute; a spr&aacute;vnost&iacute;. Ti, kdo t&#283;mto argument&#367;m oponuj&iacute;, tak &#269;asto &#269;in&iacute; tvrzen&iacute;m, &#382;e pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; sloves v mu&#382;sk&eacute;m i &#382;ensk&eacute;m rod&#283; oslabuje spont&aacute;nnost a &uacute;spornost vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. &Uacute;spornost v u&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; jazyka bude m&iacute;t smysl v z&aacute;vislosti na z&aacute;m&#283;rech, komunika&#269;n&iacute;m kan&aacute;lu nebo kontextu (neform&aacute;ln&iacute; rozhovor nen&iacute; tot&eacute;&#382; co ofici&aacute;ln&iacute; dokument, i kdy&#382; oba nesou s&iacute;lu m&#283;nit vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute;). Kdy&#382; pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;me podstatn&aacute; jm&eacute;na, kter&aacute; pojmenov&aacute;vaj&iacute; ob&#283; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a> (nap&#345;&iacute;klad otec a matka), jednodu&scaron;e pojmenov&aacute;v&aacute;me dva prvky skute&#269;nosti, nezdvojujeme jazyk. V mnoha p&#345;&iacute;padech je tak&eacute; mo&#382;n&eacute; pou&#382;&iacute;vat obecn&eacute; nebo rodov&#283; neutr&aacute;ln&iacute; v&yacute;razy, kter&eacute; zahrnuj&iacute; ob&#283; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><h3><i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-right\"><\/i> &ndash; 9.2.3. DISKRIMINA&#268;N&Iacute; SITUACE K T&Eacute;MATU &ndash; <i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-left\"><\/i><\/h3><ul><li>Dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;, kter&eacute; jsou vn&iacute;m&aacute;ny jako d&iacute;vky a jsou jim kladeny ot&aacute;zky typu:&nbsp; &bdquo;Kdy bude&scaron; m&iacute;t d&#283;ti?&ldquo;,&nbsp; &bdquo;Kolik bys jich cht&#283;la m&iacute;t?&ldquo;,&nbsp; &bdquo;Bude&scaron; se n&#283;kdy vd&aacute;vat?&ldquo;,&nbsp; &bdquo;Skon&#269;&iacute;&scaron; s prac&iacute;, a&#382; bude&scaron; m&iacute;t d&#283;ti?&ldquo;. Mlad&yacute;m maskulinn&iacute;m lidem jsou tyto ot&aacute;zky kladeny jen z&#345;&iacute;dka.<\/li><li>D&iacute;vka, kter&aacute; ve &scaron;kole tr&aacute;v&iacute; &#269;as hran&iacute;m fotbalu s chlapci, je kritizov&aacute;na skupinou d&iacute;vek, kter&eacute; ji pova&#382;uj&iacute; za&nbsp; &bdquo;chlapnu&ldquo;.<\/li><li>Chlapec, kter&eacute;ho ostatn&iacute; kritizuj&iacute; za to, &#382;e si rad&#283;ji hraje s d&iacute;vkami, ne&#382; aby sportoval s ostatn&iacute;mi chlapci.<\/li><li>Chlapec otev&#345;e d&iacute;vce dve&#345;e, ale odm&iacute;t&aacute;, aby mu otev&#345;ela ona.<\/li><li>&Scaron;koln&iacute; uniformy &ndash; sukn&#283; pro d&iacute;vky a kalhoty pro chlapce.<\/li><li>Chlapec, kter&yacute; &#345;&iacute;k&aacute; sv&eacute; dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; partnerce, &#382;e p&#345;ed n&iacute;m nesm&iacute; m&iacute;t tajemstv&iacute;, &#382;e by nem&#283;la nosit ur&#269;it&eacute; oble&#269;en&iacute;, &#382;e nesm&iacute; b&yacute;t sama se sv&yacute;mi kamar&aacute;dkami atd. D&iacute;vka, kter&aacute; v&scaron;echny tyto druhy vnucov&aacute;n&iacute; od sv&eacute;ho mu&#382;sk&eacute;ho partnera p&#345;ij&iacute;m&aacute;.<\/li><li>D&iacute;vka, kter&aacute; od sv&eacute;ho okol&iacute; p&#345;ij&iacute;m&aacute; pozitivn&iacute; koment&aacute;&#345;e a komplimenty na z&aacute;klad&#283; sv&eacute;ho fyzick&eacute;ho vzhledu, zat&iacute;mco jej&iacute; bratr je p&#345;ij&iacute;m&aacute; na z&aacute;klad&#283; sv&yacute;ch studijn&iacute;ch nebo sportovn&iacute;ch v&yacute;sledk&#367;.<\/li><li>Kdy&#382; rodi&#269;e p&#345;ihl&aacute;s&iacute; syna na sport jako mimo&scaron;koln&iacute; aktivitu a dceru na um&#283;leckou &#269;innost.<\/li><li>Kdy&#382; chlapci &#345;&iacute;kaj&iacute;, &#382;e&nbsp; &bdquo;pl&aacute;&#269;e jako holka&ldquo;.<\/li><\/ul><h3>9.2.4. P&#344;&Iacute;KLADY DOBR&Eacute; PRAXE<\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8532 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1728\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png 1728w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1536x768.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1728px) 100vw, 1728px\"\/><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N&#283;kter&eacute; situace, kter&eacute; ilustruj&iacute; sexistick&eacute; vztahy mezi dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute;mi p&aacute;ry, mohou b&yacute;t ve t&#345;&iacute;d&#283; analyzov&aacute;ny za &uacute;&#269;elem diskuze a konfrontace r&#367;zn&yacute;ch n&aacute;zor&#367; mezi studuj&iacute;c&iacute;mi.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K anal&yacute;ze n&aacute;zor&#367; a vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a> ze strany student&#367; lze pou&#382;&iacute;t dotazn&iacute;k (Barrag&aacute;n et al., 2001). Ten m&#367;&#382;e u&#269;iteli pomoci pochopit n&aacute;zory &#382;actva a posoudit tak, na kter&eacute; aspekty je nejvhodn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; se zam&#283;&#345;it. M&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t tak&eacute; v&yacute;choz&iacute;m bodem pro zah&aacute;jen&iacute; dal&scaron;&iacute; diskuze.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prom&iacute;tnut&iacute; videofilmu, kter&yacute; se zab&yacute;v&aacute; problematikou <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;N&aacute;sil&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o z&aacute;va&#382;n&eacute; poru&scaron;en&iacute; lidsk&yacute;ch pr&aacute;v, kter&eacute; omezuje pr&aacute;vo lid&iacute; na &#382;ivot, svobodu, bezpe&#269;nost, d&#367;stojnost, du&scaron;evn&iacute; a t&#283;lesnou integritu a nediskriminaci.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/nasili\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">n&aacute;sil&iacute;<\/a> na &#382;en&aacute;ch. Filmem, kter&yacute; toto t&eacute;ma vhodn&#283; reflektuje, je <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jej&iacute; o&#269;i<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Bolla&iacute;n, 2003) nebo <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flowers from another world<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> od stejn&eacute;ho re&#382;is&eacute;ra.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vyvarujte se pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; generick&eacute;ho maskulina a pou&#382;&iacute;vejte jazyk, kter&yacute; studentky a &#382;eny obecn&#283; zviditel&#328;uje.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uve&#271;te p&#345;&iacute;klady &#382;en, kter&eacute; p&#367;sob&iacute; v oblasti, jim&#382; se nyn&iacute; v&#283;nujete, nebo &#382;en, kter&eacute; v ur&#269;it&eacute;m historick&eacute;m obdob&iacute; v&yacute;znamn&#283; ovlivnily spole&#269;nost.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pro akademick&eacute; a profesn&iacute; veden&iacute; je nezbytn&eacute; pou&#382;&iacute;vat postavy &#382;en pracuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch ve v&scaron;ech typech profes&iacute;, pokud mo&#382;no z prost&#345;ed&iacute; bl&iacute;zk&eacute;ho studentk&aacute;m a student&#367;m. Uspo&#345;&aacute;dejte setk&aacute;n&iacute;, na kter&eacute; pozvete &#382;eny z bl&iacute;zk&eacute;ho okol&iacute; z r&#367;zn&yacute;ch profes&iacute;, aby se pod&#283;lily o sv&eacute; zku&scaron;enosti.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3>9.2.5. REFERENCE<\/h3><p>Archer, J. (2006). Cross-cultural differences in physical aggression between partners: a social-role analysis. Pers Soc Psychol Rev, 10(2):133-153. doi: 10.1207\/s15327957pspr1002_3. PMID: 16768651.<\/p><p>Arnold, K., Noble, K., et al. (1996). Remarkable women: Perspectives on female talent development. Perspectives on creativity. Cresskill: Hampton Press.<\/p><p>Dardenne, B., Dumont, M., &amp; Bollier, T. (2007). Insidious dangers of benevolent sexism: Consequences for women&rsquo;sperformance.J. <em>Pers. Soc. Psychol, 93<\/em>, 764&ndash;779.<\/p><p>D&iacute;az-Aguado, M. J. (2003). Adolescencia, sexismo y violencia de g&eacute;nero. <em>Papeles del Psic&oacute;logo, 84<\/em>, 35-44<\/p><p>Garaigordobil, M. (2015). Sexismo y Expresi&oacute;n de la Ira: Diferencias de g&eacute;nero, cambios con la edad y correlaciones entre ambos constructos. <em>Revista Argentina de Cl&iacute;nica Psicol&oacute;gica, 24<\/em>, 35-42<\/p><p>Garaigordobil, M., &amp; Aliri, J. (2011). Sexismo hostil y benevolente: relaciones con el autoconcepto, el racismo y la sensibilidad intercultural. Revista de Psicodid&aacute;ctica, 16(2), 331-35. <a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1387%20\/%20RevPsicodidact.998\">http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1387 \/ RevPsicodidact.998<\/a><\/p><p>Glick, P., &amp; Fiske, S. (2001). Ambivalent sexism. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 33,115-188. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.56.2.109\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.56.2.109<\/a><\/p><p>Johnson, W. L., Giordano, P. C., Manning, W. D. et al (2015). The Age&ndash;IPV Curve: Changes in the Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence During Adolescence and Young Adulthood. J Youth Adolescence 44, 708&ndash;726.. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-014-0158-z\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-014-0158-z<\/a><\/p><p>Lohman, B. J., Neppl, T. K., Senia, J. M., &amp; Schofield, T. J. (2013). Understanding adolescent and family influences on intimate partner psychological violence during emerging adulthood and adulthood. <em>Journal of Youth Adolescence, 42(4)<\/em>, 500-517. doi: 10.1007\/s10964-013-9923-7<\/p><p>Ovejero, A., Yubero, S., Larra&ntilde;aga, E., &amp; Navarro, R. (2013). Sexismo y comportamiento de acoso escolar en adolescentes [Sexism and school bullying behaviour in adolescents]. <em>Psicol. Conduct, 21<\/em>, 157&ndash;171.<\/p><p>Ramiro-S&aacute;nchez, T., Ramiro, M. T., Berm&uacute;dez, M. P., &amp; Buela-Casal, G. (2018). Sexism in adolescent relationships: A systematic review. <em>Psychosocial Intervention, 27<\/em>, 123-132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5093\/pi2018a1<\/p><p>Rodr&iacute;guez, Y., &amp; Lameiras, M. (2002). International Journal of Social Psychology. <em>Revista de Psicolog&iacute;a Social, 17 (2)<\/em>, 119-128.<\/p><p>Vidal, M., Llorca, E., Tur, A., Samper, A.M., Mestre, P., &amp; Vicenta, M. (2018). Sexism and Aggression in Adolescence. How Do They Relate to Perceived Academic Achievement? <em>Sustainability, 10<\/em>, 9 3017.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexismus<\/a> je soubor postoj&#367; zam&#283;&#345;en&yacute;ch v&#367;&#269;i lidem kv&#367;li jejich biologick&eacute;mu <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a>, kter&eacute; podporuj&iacute; nerovnost mezi &#382;enami a mu&#382;i. Sou&#269;asn&eacute; pojet&iacute; uzn&aacute;v&aacute;, &#382;e v sexismu mohou vedle sebe koexistovat prvky odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; &#382;en, kter&eacute; jsou zjevn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; (nep&#345;&aacute;telsk&yacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexismus<\/a>), s jin&yacute;mi, jemn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;mi formami (<a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Benevolentn&iacute; sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;isuzuje &#382;en&aacute;m zd&aacute;nliv&#283; pozitivn&iacute; vlastnosti, jako je soucit, n&#283;ha, jemnost atd., kter&eacute; z nich &#269;in&iacute; dobr&eacute; man&#382;elky a matky, a proto jsou st&aacute;le stav&#283;ny do tradi&#269;n&iacute;ch rol&iacute;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/benevolentni-sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">benevolentn&iacute; sexismus<\/a>). Nep&#345;&aacute;telsk&yacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexismus&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Je definov&aacute;n jako diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; postoj zalo&#382;en&yacute; na p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;nosti k biologick&eacute;mu pohlav&iacute;, jemu&#382; jsou p&#345;isuzov&aacute;ny specifick&eacute; vlastnosti.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexismus\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexismus<\/a> p&#345;edstavuje negativn&iacute; naz&iacute;r&aacute;n&iacute;, v n&#283;m&#382; existuj&iacute; p&#345;edsude&#269;n&eacute; postoje nebo diskrimina&#269;n&iacute; chov&aacute;n&iacute; [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":10151,"menu_order":29,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-10301","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","no-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/10301","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10301"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/10301\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/10151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10301"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=10301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}