{"id":10289,"date":"2023-04-04T17:45:04","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T17:45:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/docs\/guide-for-educators\/9-environment-influences-6369\/9-5-lgbtqezd_plus-myths-and-anti-lgbtqezd_plus-movement-6532\/"},"modified":"2023-05-13T18:31:49","modified_gmt":"2023-05-13T18:31:49","slug":"9-5-lgbtqezd_plus-myths-and-anti-lgbtqezd_plus-movement-6532","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/docs\/guide-for-educators\/9-environment-influences-6369\/9-5-lgbtqezd_plus-myths-and-anti-lgbtqezd_plus-movement-6532\/","title":{"rendered":"9.5. M\u00ddTY O LGBTQ+ T\u00c9MATECH A ANTI-LGBTQ+ HNUT\u00cd"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10289\" class=\"elementor elementor-10289 elementor-6532\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dde8e2e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dde8e2e\" data-element_type=\"section\"><div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b294d0c\" data-id=\"2b294d0c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e22d6be elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e22d6be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_angry_person_going_against_another_one_holding_an__36618c1e-e3b3-417c-8a88-453bc9490b9c-1024x512.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8741\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_angry_person_going_against_another_one_holding_an__36618c1e-e3b3-417c-8a88-453bc9490b9c-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_angry_person_going_against_another_one_holding_an__36618c1e-e3b3-417c-8a88-453bc9490b9c-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_angry_person_going_against_another_one_holding_an__36618c1e-e3b3-417c-8a88-453bc9490b9c-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_angry_person_going_against_another_one_holding_an__36618c1e-e3b3-417c-8a88-453bc9490b9c-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_angry_person_going_against_another_one_holding_an__36618c1e-e3b3-417c-8a88-453bc9490b9c-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_angry_person_going_against_another_one_holding_an__36618c1e-e3b3-417c-8a88-453bc9490b9c.png 1728w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfd669f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"dfd669f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c80ebf4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c80ebf4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> lid&eacute; jsou st&aacute;le ovliv&#328;ov&aacute;ni r&#367;zn&yacute;mi p&#345;edsudky a m&yacute;ty, kter&eacute; ve spole&#269;nosti p&#345;etrv&aacute;vaj&iacute;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nejb&#283;&#382;n&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; m&yacute;ty je t&#345;eba odbour&aacute;vat, abychom doc&iacute;lili stavu, kdy budeme <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> lidi ve spole&#269;nosti pova&#382;ovat za b&#283;&#382;n&eacute;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P&#345;ijet&iacute; a informovanost o r&#367;zn&yacute;ch <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> skupin&aacute;ch, a to jak v r&aacute;mci rodiny, tak v r&aacute;mci vzd&#283;l&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;, maj&iacute; pozitivn&iacute; dopad na du&scaron;evn&iacute; zdrav&iacute; lid&iacute;, kte&#345;&iacute; k t&#283;mto skupin&aacute;m pat&#345;&iacute; (a tak&eacute; v&scaron;ech ostatn&iacute;ch). Je tedy nanejv&yacute;&scaron; vhodn&eacute; je propagovat.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28fba52d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28fba52d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>9.5.1. INTRODUCTION<\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P&#345;esto&#382;e je v pr&#367;b&#283;hu posledn&iacute;ch let akceptace <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> lid&iacute; st&aacute;le b&#283;&#382;n&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;, a to p&#345;edev&scaron;&iacute;m ve vysp&#283;lej&scaron;&iacute;ch zem&iacute;ch, reprezentace identit, kter&eacute; byly d&#345;&iacute;ve tradi&#269;n&#283; uml&#269;ov&aacute;ny, tabuizov&aacute;ny nebo trest&aacute;ny, kv&#367;li tomu, &#382;e je spole&#269;nost odm&iacute;tala, je st&aacute;le spojena s r&#367;zn&yacute;mi p&#345;edsudky, kter&eacute; se v&#382;ily a br&aacute;n&iacute; jejich normalizaci (ve smyslu zb&#283;&#382;n&#283;n&iacute;).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geneze a zachov&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; t&#283;chto p&#345;edsudk&#367; jsou vysv&#283;tlov&aacute;ny r&#367;zn&yacute;mi &uacute;hly pohledu. Jeden z nejv&iacute;ce prozkouman&yacute;ch je tzv. <\/span><b>biologick&yacute; genderov&yacute; esencialismus<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Zast&aacute;nci tohoto postoje tvrd&iacute;, &#382;e genderov&eacute; identity vych&aacute;zej&iacute; z biologick&eacute;ho z&aacute;kladu, a proto jsou v pr&#367;b&#283;hu &#269;asu stabiln&iacute;mi kategoriemi, kter&eacute; se nemohou m&#283;nit (Smiler &amp; Gelman, 2008), &#269;&iacute;m&#382; formuj&iacute; &#345;adu pevn&yacute;ch a p&#345;irozen&yacute;ch atribut&#367; (Basti&aacute;n &amp; Haslam, 2006). Na z&aacute;klad&#283; t&eacute;to perspektivy je rozhoduj&iacute;c&iacute; biologick&yacute; stav &#269;lov&#283;ka, nikoliv to, co c&iacute;t&iacute;. N&#283;kter&eacute; teorie tvrd&iacute;, &#382;e mnoho heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch a <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Osoba, jej&iacute;&#382; genderov&aacute; identita je v souladu s pohlav&iacute;m, kter&eacute; j&iacute; bylo zaps&aacute;no p&#345;i narozen&iacute;, popisuje osoby, kter&eacute; nejsou transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a> lid&iacute; v&#283;&#345;&iacute;, &#382;e pokud &#269;lov&#283;k nen&iacute; mu&#382;, pak bude &#382;ena, proto&#382;e jsou ovlivn&#283;ni p&#345;edem dan&yacute;mi spole&#269;ensk&yacute;mi n&aacute;zory a t&iacute;m, co je kulturn&#283; za&#382;it&eacute;. To je vede k tomu, &#382;e p&#345;edpokl&aacute;daj&iacute; genderovou binaritu, kter&aacute; n&aacute;sledn&#283; p&#345;&iacute;mo ovliv&#328;uje stereotypy, je&#382; se vytv&aacute;&#345;ej&iacute; ve vztahu k translidem (Gallagher &amp; Bodenhausen, 2021).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lid&eacute;, kte&#345;&iacute; zast&aacute;vaj&iacute; esencialistick&eacute; n&aacute;zory ve vztahu k ur&#269;it&eacute; skupin&#283;, v&#283;&#345;&iacute;, &#382;e znaky, kter&eacute; tuto skupinu definuj&iacute;, je obt&iacute;&#382;n&eacute; zm&#283;nit, a proto je pova&#382;uj&iacute; za v&scaron;eobecn&#283; platn&eacute; (Glazier et al., 2021). Z toho d&#367;vodu pr&yacute; v&scaron;ichni lid&eacute; v dan&eacute; skupin&#283; sd&iacute;lej&iacute; stejnou podstatu, kter&aacute; je vlastn&iacute; jejich byt&iacute; (Rhodes et al., 2012). D&#345;&iacute;v&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; v&yacute;zkumy zjistily, &#382;e p&#345;&iacute;tomnost tohoto typu esencialistick&yacute;ch p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;en&iacute; o ur&#269;it&eacute; skupin&#283; lid&iacute; se poj&iacute; s &#269;ast&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;mi p&#345;edsudky ve vztahu k lidem, kte&#345;&iacute; jsou sou&#269;&aacute;st&iacute; t&eacute;to skupiny (Glazier et al., 2021), co&#382; rovn&#283;&#382; podporuje vznik stereotyp&#367; (Rhodes et al., 2012). V tomto smyslu tedy v&yacute;zkumy ukazuj&iacute;, &#382;e &#269;&iacute;m siln&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; je m&iacute;ra genderov&#283; esencialistick&yacute;ch p&#345;esv&#283;d&#269;en&iacute;, t&iacute;m v&yacute;razn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; je i m&iacute;ra p&#345;edsudk&#367; v&#367;&#269;i translidem (Davidson &amp; Czopp, 2014).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Translid&eacute; neodpov&iacute;daj&iacute; p&#345;edem stanoven&yacute;m spole&#269;ensk&yacute;m norm&aacute;m o genderu, a to ovliv&#328;uje jejich vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; ze strany ostatn&iacute;ch lid&iacute; (Gallagher &amp; Bodenhausen, 2021). Tot&eacute;&#382; plat&iacute; i pro ostatn&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> osoby. D&#367;sledkem jsou jevy, jako je transfobie, kter&aacute; je velmi charakteristick&aacute; pro osoby, je&#382; neakceptuj&iacute; osoby, kter&eacute; neodpov&iacute;daj&iacute; konven&#269;n&iacute;m genderov&yacute;m norm&aacute;m (Nagoshi et al., 2018), dal&scaron;&iacute;m d&#367;sledkem je vznik p&#345;edsudk&#367; v&#367;&#269;i t&#283;mto skupin&aacute;m (nap&#345;. Axt et al., 2021; Prusaczyk &amp; Hodson, 2020; Rad et al., 2019; Wilton et al., 2019).<\/span><\/p><h3>9.5.2. ROZVOJ T&Eacute;MATU<\/h3><h4><span style=\"font-size: 20.8px;\">9.5.<\/span><strong>2.1. <b>Vyvracen&iacute; m&yacute;t&#367; o skupin&aacute;ch LGBTQ+ lid&iacute;<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P&#345;edsudky v&#367;&#269;i <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> lidem vedly k tomu, &#382;e se ve spole&#269;nosti roz&scaron;&iacute;&#345;ily r&#367;zn&eacute; m&yacute;ty, kter&eacute; je t&#345;eba rozpt&yacute;lit, aby bylo mo&#382;n&eacute; usnadnit b&#283;&#382;n&eacute;ho za&#345;azen&iacute; t&#283;chto skupin do spole&#269;nosti.<\/span><\/p><h5><b>M&yacute;tus 1: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Homosexu&aacute;lem se nikdo nerod&iacute;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Skute&#269;nost: Americk&aacute; psychologick&aacute; asociace (<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;APA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Americk&aacute; psychologick&aacute; asociace&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/apa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>APA<\/a>) uv&aacute;d&iacute;, &#382;e&nbsp; &bdquo;v&#283;t&scaron;ina lid&iacute; za&#382;&iacute;v&aacute; minim&aacute;ln&iacute; nebo &#382;&aacute;dn&yacute; pocit volby t&yacute;kaj&iacute;c&iacute; se jejich <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje trvalou formu citov&eacute;, romantick&eacute; a\/nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livosti k mu&#382;&#367;m, &#382;en&aacute;m nebo k ob&#283;ma pohlav&iacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-orientace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace<\/a>&ldquo;. V roce 1994 <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;APA&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Americk&aacute; psychologick&aacute; asociace&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/apa\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>APA<\/a> napsala, &#382;e&nbsp; &bdquo;homosexualita nen&iacute; z&aacute;le&#382;itost&iacute; individu&aacute;ln&iacute; volby&ldquo; a &#382;e v&yacute;zkum&nbsp; &bdquo;nazna&#269;uje, &#382;e homosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace vznik&aacute; velmi brzy v &#382;ivotn&iacute;m cyklu, pravd&#283;podobn&#283; je&scaron;t&#283; p&#345;ed narozen&iacute;m&ldquo;.<\/span><\/p><h5><b>M&yacute;tus 2: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Homosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; lid&eacute; si mohou zvolit, &#382;e budou heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Skute&#269;nost: Tzv.&nbsp; &bdquo;konverzn&iacute; terapie&ldquo; byly respektovan&yacute;mi a uzn&aacute;van&yacute;mi l&eacute;ka&#345;sk&yacute;mi, psychologick&yacute;mi, psychiatrick&yacute;mi a poradensk&yacute;mi organizacemi zavr&#382;eny.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><h5><b>M&yacute;tus 3: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transgender identita je du&scaron;evn&iacute; onemocn&#283;n&iacute;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Skute&#269;nost: P&#345;esto&#382;e transgender identita nen&iacute; nemoc&iacute;, transgender lid&eacute; mohou m&iacute;t probl&eacute;my v oblasti du&scaron;evn&iacute;ho zdrav&iacute; v d&#367;sledku jejich <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Diskriminace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lze ji definovat jako nerovn&eacute; nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; zach&aacute;zen&iacute; s ur&#269;itou osobou nebo se skupinou osob v d&#367;sledku p&#345;edsudk&#367;. Nejedn&aacute; se pouze o odsudky nebo nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; pocity, ale o projevy nesn&aacute;&scaron;enlivosti, kter&eacute; spo&#269;&iacute;vaj&iacute; v odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; a\/nebo vylu&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute; osob, v&#367;&#269;i nim&#382; m&aacute; &#269;lov&#283;k p&#345;edsudky. It is not only judgements or unfavourable feelings but acts of intolerance that consist of rejecting and\/or excluding people against whom one is prejudiced. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/diskriminace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">diskriminace<\/a> a odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute;. Tyto probl&eacute;my v&scaron;ak nejsou zp&#367;sobeny jejich transgender identitou a ani j&iacute; nejsou zp&#367;sobeny. Jsou d&#367;sledkem soci&aacute;ln&iacute;ho vylou&#269;en&iacute; a stigmatu, kter&eacute; translid&eacute; &#269;asto za&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute;.<\/span><\/p><h5><b>M&yacute;tus 4: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studuj&iacute;c&iacute; jsou p&#345;&iacute;li&scaron; mlad&iacute; na to, aby si uv&#283;domovali svou genderovou identitu nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientaci.&nbsp;<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Skute&#269;nost: I kdy&#382; se sebepojet&iacute; d&#283;t&iacute; m&#367;&#382;e v pr&#367;b&#283;hu &#269;asu m&#283;nit, nen&iacute; to proto, &#382;e by m&#283;nily sv&eacute; n&aacute;zory. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> ml&aacute;de&#382; se p&#345;i p&#345;ij&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; sv&eacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Queer&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;P&#345;&iacute;davn&eacute; jm&eacute;no pou&#382;&iacute;van&eacute; n&#283;kter&yacute;mi lidmi, jejich&#382; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace nen&iacute; v&yacute;hradn&#283; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; nebo heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;. Tento zast&#345;e&scaron;uj&iacute;c&iacute; term&iacute;n zahrnuje lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; maj&iacute; nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;, genderov&#283; fluidn&iacute; nebo genderov&#283; nekonformn&iacute; identitu. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/queer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">queer<\/a> identity pohybuje v prost&#345;ed&iacute; mnoha p&#345;ek&aacute;&#382;ek a spole&#269;ensk&yacute;ch norem. To v&scaron;ak neznamen&aacute;, &#382;e by svou identitu v ran&eacute;m v&#283;ku nerozpoznali. K tomu, aby d&#283;ti&nbsp; &bdquo;doopravdy poznaly&ldquo; svou genderovou identitu nebo sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientaci, nepot&#345;ebuj&iacute; dos&aacute;hnout puberty nebo b&yacute;t sexu&aacute;ln&#283; aktivn&iacute;. Takov&eacute; p&#345;edpoklady od heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch a <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Osoba, jej&iacute;&#382; genderov&aacute; identita je v souladu s pohlav&iacute;m, kter&eacute; j&iacute; bylo zaps&aacute;no p&#345;i narozen&iacute;, popisuje osoby, kter&eacute; nejsou transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a> studuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch neo&#269;ek&aacute;v&aacute;me. Ve skute&#269;nosti d&#283;ti obvykle znaj&iacute; svou genderovou identitu ji&#382; od dvou nebo t&#345;&iacute; let. V&yacute;zkumy nav&iacute;c nazna&#269;uj&iacute;, &#382;e umo&#382;nit mal&yacute;m d&#283;tem sladit svou genderovou identitu s jejich genderov&yacute;m projevem je spojeno s lep&scaron;&iacute;mi psychick&yacute;mi v&yacute;sledky transgender d&#283;t&iacute;.<\/span><\/p><h5><b>M&yacute;tus 5: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D&iacute;t&#283; m&#367;&#382;e z ostatn&iacute;ch d&#283;t&iacute; ud&#283;lat homosexu&aacute;ly, a&#357; u&#382; z &#269;len&#367; rodiny, nebo z kamar&aacute;d&#367;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Skute&#269;nost: Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientaci se nelze nau&#269;it od druh&yacute;ch. P&#345;esto&#382;e je mo&#382;n&eacute;, &#382;e se d&#283;ti a dosp&iacute;vaj&iacute;c&iacute; navz&aacute;jem napodobuj&iacute; nebo ovliv&#328;uj&iacute;, sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientaci se nelze od nikoho nau&#269;it. Pokud dojde k tomu, &#382;e se d&#283;ti, kter&eacute; sd&iacute;lej&iacute; stejn&eacute; prost&#345;ed&iacute;, tak&eacute; vyoutuj&iacute;, bude to t&iacute;m, &#382;e se k tomu c&iacute;t&iacute; povzbuzeny. Nikoliv proto, &#382;e by byly ovlivn&#283;ny.<\/span><\/p><h5><b>M&yacute;tus 6: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LGBTQ+ osoba p&#345;edstavuje pro d&#283;ti nebezpe&#269;&iacute;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Skute&#269;nost: <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> lid&eacute; nep&#345;edstavuj&iacute; pro d&#283;ti v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute; ohro&#382;en&iacute; ne&#382; jak&eacute;koliv jin&eacute; osoby. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Popisuje mezilidsk&yacute; psychologick&yacute; rozm&#283;r sexuality, jen&#382; se t&yacute;k&aacute; romantick&yacute;ch a sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch cit&#367;, kter&eacute; chov&aacute;me k druh&yacute;m.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/sexualni-pritazlivost\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; p&#345;ita&#382;livost<\/a> k d&#283;tem nen&iacute; zap&#345;&iacute;&#269;in&#283;na homosexualitou, ale psychiatrickou poruchou zvanou pedofilie. Tento m&yacute;tus se t&yacute;k&aacute; zejm&eacute;na homosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch mu&#382;&#367;. Studie nicm&eacute;n&#283; ukazuj&iacute;, &#382;e homosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; mu&#382;i pro d&#283;ti nep&#345;edstavuj&iacute; o nic v&#283;t&scaron;&iacute; pravd&#283;podobnost sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho zneu&#382;&iacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; d&#283;t&iacute; ne&#382; mu&#382;i heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; (Schlatter &amp; Steinback, 2011). Ve skute&#269;nosti Institut pro v&yacute;zkum a prevenci sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ho obt&#283;&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; d&#283;t&iacute; zjistil, &#382;e 90 % sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch n&aacute;siln&iacute;k&#367; se zam&#283;&#345;uje na d&#283;ti z jejich rodiny &#269;i p&#345;&aacute;tel a v&#283;t&scaron;ina z nich jsou &#382;enat&iacute; mu&#382;i (Schlatter &amp; Steinback, 2011).<\/span><\/p><h5><b>M&yacute;tus 7: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V&scaron;ichni LGBTIQ+ lid&eacute; maj&iacute; HIV\/AIDS.&nbsp;<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Skute&#269;nost: Toto tvrzen&iacute; je nepravdiv&eacute;. <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Virus lidsk&eacute;ho imunodeficitu&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a>\/<a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;AIDS&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Syndrom z&iacute;skan&eacute; imunitn&iacute; nedostate&#269;nosti&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/aids\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>AIDS<\/a> postihuje v&scaron;echny lidi, v&#269;etn&#283; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Osoba, jej&iacute;&#382; genderov&aacute; identita je v souladu s pohlav&iacute;m, kter&eacute; j&iacute; bylo zaps&aacute;no p&#345;i narozen&iacute;, popisuje osoby, kter&eacute; nejsou transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a> i LGBTIQ+ osob, mu&#382;&#367; a &#382;en, a to v r&#367;zn&eacute; m&iacute;&#345;e v z&aacute;vislosti na charakteristik&aacute;ch epidemie. V n&#283;kter&yacute;ch oblastech sv&#283;ta p&#345;edstavuje prim&aacute;rn&iacute; probl&eacute;m v r&aacute;mci heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; populace. Je v&scaron;ak pravda, &#382;e stigmatizace, <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Diskriminace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lze ji definovat jako nerovn&eacute; nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; zach&aacute;zen&iacute; s ur&#269;itou osobou nebo se skupinou osob v d&#367;sledku p&#345;edsudk&#367;. Nejedn&aacute; se pouze o odsudky nebo nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; pocity, ale o projevy nesn&aacute;&scaron;enlivosti, kter&eacute; spo&#269;&iacute;vaj&iacute; v odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; a\/nebo vylu&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute; osob, v&#367;&#269;i nim&#382; m&aacute; &#269;lov&#283;k p&#345;edsudky. It is not only judgements or unfavourable feelings but acts of intolerance that consist of rejecting and\/or excluding people against whom one is prejudiced. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/diskriminace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">diskriminace<\/a> a vylu&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute; LGBTIQ+ osob vedou k nedostate&#269;n&eacute;mu p&#345;&iacute;stupu k informac&iacute;m o <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Virus lidsk&eacute;ho imunodeficitu&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> a bezpe&#269;n&yacute;ch sexu&aacute;ln&iacute;ch praktik&aacute;ch, k prevenci, testov&aacute;n&iacute;, l&eacute;&#269;b&#283;, p&eacute;&#269;i a podpo&#345;e. Z t&#283;chto d&#367;vod&#367; p&#345;edstavuje infekce <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Virus lidsk&eacute;ho imunodeficitu&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> pro <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> osoby (a zejm&eacute;na transgender) zv&yacute;&scaron;en&eacute; ohro&#382;en&iacute; virem <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Virus lidsk&eacute;ho imunodeficitu&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a>. Sni&#382;ov&aacute;n&iacute; stigmatizace, odstra&#328;ov&aacute;n&iacute; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Diskriminace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lze ji definovat jako nerovn&eacute; nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; zach&aacute;zen&iacute; s ur&#269;itou osobou nebo se skupinou osob v d&#367;sledku p&#345;edsudk&#367;. Nejedn&aacute; se pouze o odsudky nebo nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; pocity, ale o projevy nesn&aacute;&scaron;enlivosti, kter&eacute; spo&#269;&iacute;vaj&iacute; v odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; a\/nebo vylu&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute; osob, v&#367;&#269;i nim&#382; m&aacute; &#269;lov&#283;k p&#345;edsudky. It is not only judgements or unfavourable feelings but acts of intolerance that consist of rejecting and\/or excluding people against whom one is prejudiced. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/diskriminace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">diskriminace<\/a> a soci&aacute;ln&iacute;ho vylou&#269;en&iacute; a n&aacute;sledn&eacute; zvy&scaron;ov&aacute;n&iacute; dostupnosti slu&#382;eb je spr&aacute;vnou cestou k &#345;e&scaron;en&iacute; epidemie <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;HIV&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Virus lidsk&eacute;ho imunodeficitu&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/hiv\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>HIV<\/a> pro v&scaron;echny lidi bez ohledu na jejich sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientaci nebo genderovou identitu.<\/span><\/p><h5><b>M&yacute;tus 8: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spojov&aacute;n&iacute; trans&#382;en se sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; prac&iacute; ( &bdquo;prostituc&iacute;&ldquo;) a marginalizac&iacute;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Skute&#269;nost: Tento m&yacute;tus vede k tomu, &#382;e realita t&#283;chto &#382;en je stereotypizov&aacute;na a zjednodu&scaron;ov&aacute;na, plod&iacute; nev&#283;domost a m&#367;&#382;e v&eacute;st i ke kriminalizaci. Chyb&#283;j&iacute;c&iacute; zm&iacute;nky o trans &#382;en&aacute;ch v jin&yacute;ch spole&#269;ensk&yacute;ch a profesn&iacute;ch sf&eacute;r&aacute;ch v m&eacute;di&iacute;ch posiluj&iacute; obraz, kter&yacute; m&aacute; daleko ke skute&#269;nosti.<\/span><\/p><h5><b>M&yacute;tus 9: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je vhodn&eacute; oslovovat trans osoby jejich rodn&yacute;m jm&eacute;nem po zvolen&iacute; jm&eacute;na nov&eacute;ho.<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Skute&#269;nost: Tomuto se &#345;&iacute;k&aacute;&nbsp; &bdquo;dead-naming&ldquo; tedy osloven&iacute; mrtv&yacute;m jm&eacute;nem. Oslovov&aacute;n&iacute; rodn&yacute;m jm&eacute;nem m&#367;&#382;e u trans osob vyvol&aacute;vat &uacute;zkost a zneplat&#328;ovat jejich identitu a zku&scaron;enosti. A&#269;koliv n&#283;kdy m&#367;&#382;e doj&iacute;t k omylu nebo k p&#345;e&#345;eknut&iacute;, je v&#382;dy pot&#345;eba jej uznat a pou&#269;it se. Trans osobu v&#382;dy oslovujeme jej&iacute;m zvolen&yacute;m jm&eacute;nem i z&aacute;jmeny, se kter&yacute;mi se identifikuje. Pokud nezn&aacute;te jej&iacute; jm&eacute;no nebo z&aacute;jmena, jednodu&scaron;e se zeptejte:&nbsp; &bdquo;Jak&yacute;m jm&eacute;nem a kter&yacute;mi z&aacute;jmeny, se identifikuje&scaron;\/te?&ldquo;.<\/span><\/p><h5><b>M&yacute;tus 10: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Genderov&#283; neutr&aacute;ln&iacute; toalety jsou ur&#269;eny v&yacute;hradn&#283; pro LGBTQ+ osoby. Heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; cis osoby by m&#283;ly pou&#382;&iacute;vat pouze jasn&#283; ozna&#269;en&eacute; p&aacute;nsk&eacute; nebo d&aacute;msk&eacute; toalety.&nbsp;<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Skute&#269;nost: Genderov&#283; neutr&aacute;ln&iacute; toalety jsou ur&#269;eny pro v&scaron;echny bez ohledu na jejich sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientaci, genderovou identitu, vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute; nebo zp&#367;sobilost.<\/span><\/p><h3><i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-right\"><\/i> &ndash; 9.5.3. DISKRIMINA&#268;N&Iacute; SITUACE K T&Eacute;MATU &ndash; <i class=\"fa-light fas fa-balance-scale-left\"><\/i><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Situace 1:<\/span> Studuj&iacute;c&iacute; se v&aacute;m vyoutuje. Je p&#345;irozen&eacute;, &#382;e chcete vhodn&#283; reagovat, pokud se <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> studuj&iacute;c&iacute; vyoutuje nebo odhal&iacute; svou sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientaci n&#283;komu z rodiny. Vzpome&#328;te si na tuto hlavn&iacute; z&aacute;sadu. Soust&#345;e&#271;te se na studuj&iacute;c&iacute; osobu, ne na sebe. Nab&iacute;z&iacute;me zde n&#283;kolik obecn&yacute;ch rad, kter&eacute; v&aacute;m mohou pomoci jednat jako afirmativn&iacute; spojenec, nastane-li takov&aacute; situace.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Co m&#367;&#382;ete ud&#283;lat?<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Aktivn&#283; naslouchejte. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aktivn&iacute; naslouch&aacute;n&iacute; je jedn&iacute;m z nejlep&scaron;&iacute;ch a neju&#382;ite&#269;n&#283;j&scaron;&iacute;ch prost&#345;edk&#367;, kter&eacute; mohou pedagogov&eacute; nab&iacute;dnout, je tak&eacute; jednoduch&eacute; a nevy&#382;aduje &#382;&aacute;dn&eacute; p&#345;edchoz&iacute; &uacute;sil&iacute;. Pro mnoho LGBTIQ+ studuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch je nejbolestiv&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; nebo nej&scaron;kodliv&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; sou&#269;&aacute;st&iacute; &#382;ivota v closetu pocit, &#382;e nejsou respektov&aacute;ni, vyslechnuti nebo pochopeni. P&#345;&iacute;tomnost n&#283;koho, s k&yacute;m si m&#367;&#382;e studuj&iacute;c&iacute; b&#283;hem procesu coming outu promluvit, m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t v&scaron;&iacute;m, co studuj&iacute;c&iacute; pot&#345;ebuje k tomu, aby ve &scaron;kole autenticky prosp&iacute;val\/a. Aktivn&iacute; naslouch&aacute;n&iacute; je praktika, p&#345;i n&iacute;&#382; neposlouch&aacute;te jen za &uacute;&#269;elem odpov&iacute;d&aacute;n&iacute;, ale pokou&scaron;&iacute;te se porozum&#283;t sd&#283;len&iacute;, kter&eacute; v&aacute;m dan&aacute; osoba p&#345;ed&aacute;v&aacute;. Pokud budete kl&aacute;st up&#345;es&#328;uj&iacute;c&iacute; nebo otev&#345;en&eacute; ot&aacute;zky, jako nap&#345;&iacute;klad&nbsp; &bdquo;C&iacute;t&iacute;&scaron; se ve &scaron;kole bezpe&#269;n&#283;?&ldquo;, budete studuj&iacute;c&iacute; osobu z&aacute;rove&#328; uji&scaron;&#357;ovat o tom, &#382;e se mu\/j&iacute; neust&aacute;le v&#283;nujete a &#382;e o ni m&aacute;te z&aacute;jem.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Bu&#271;te k dispozici, ani&#382; byste se chovali jako z&aacute;chran&aacute;&#345;i. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studuj&iacute;c&iacute; osoba bude m&iacute;t pravd&#283;podobn&#283; u&#382;itek z v&#283;dom&iacute;, &#382;e ji podporujete, i kdy&#382; se zrovna nebude nach&aacute;zet v krizi nebo cht&iacute;t v&yacute;razn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; pomoc. Nab&iacute;zejte svou podporu otev&#345;en&#283;, ani&#382; byste nal&eacute;hali nebo je tla&#269;ili k n&#283;jak&eacute; konkr&eacute;tn&iacute; akci. M&#283;jte na pam&#283;ti, &#382;e se jedn&aacute; o jejich zku&scaron;enost a &#382;e tu jste proto, abyste je podpo&#345;ili, ale ne proto, aby to cel&eacute; bylo jen o v&aacute;s.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Respektujte d&#367;v&#283;rnost. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Informujte studuj&iacute;c&iacute; osobu, &#382;e tyto informace nebudete sd&iacute;let s ostatn&iacute;mi, pokud by si to nevy&#382;adovala jej&iacute; bezpe&#269;nost. Dop&#345;ejte studuj&iacute;c&iacute;\/mu, aby se ostatn&iacute;m vyoutoval\/a sv&yacute;m vlastn&iacute;m zp&#367;sobem a sv&yacute;m vlastn&iacute;m tempem.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dr&#382;te p&#345;edsudky pod kontrolou. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Coming out&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Ozna&#269;uje proces, kter&yacute;m proch&aacute;zej&iacute; LGBTQ+ lid&eacute;, kdy&#382; usiluj&iacute; o p&#345;ijet&iacute; sv&eacute; sexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientace nebo genderov&eacute; identity a otev&#345;en&#283; se o n&iacute; sv&#283;&#345;uj&iacute; ostatn&iacute;m lidem. Nejedn&aacute; se o jednor&aacute;zovou ud&aacute;lost, ale o nikdy nekon&#269;&iacute;c&iacute; proces, kter&yacute; m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t velmi stresuj&iacute;c&iacute; zejm&eacute;na v homo\/transphobick&eacute;m prost&#345;ed&iacute;. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/coming-out\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Coming out<\/a> je kritick&yacute;m obdob&iacute;m pro mlad&eacute; lidi, kte&#345;&iacute; se teprve za&#269;&iacute;naj&iacute; orientovat ve sv&#283;t&#283; se svou identitou. Studuj&iacute;c&iacute; si m&#367;&#382;e v&aacute;&scaron; rozhovor dlouho pamatovat. Sna&#382;te se vyvarovat toho, abyste v tento okam&#382;ik studuj&iacute;c&iacute; osobu n&#283;jak&nbsp; &bdquo;varovali&ldquo; p&#345;ed t&iacute;m, &#382;e jej&iacute; identita ovlivn&iacute; jej&iacute; &#382;ivot, nebo abyste j&iacute; vnucovali kulturn&iacute; normy t&yacute;kaj&iacute;c&iacute; se sexuality nebo genderu.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-level=\"1\"><b>M&#283;jte na pam&#283;ti dostupn&eacute; informace a zdroje. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zhodno&#357;te, pro&#269; za v&aacute;mi studuj&iacute;c&iacute; p&#345;ich&aacute;z&iacute;. Pokud v&aacute;m d&#367;v&#283;&#345;uje a chce, abyste se pod&iacute;leli na jeho\/jej&iacute;m procesu coming outu, m&#367;&#382;e b&yacute;t naslouch&aacute;n&iacute; vhodn&eacute;. Pokud je v&scaron;ak studuj&iacute;c&iacute; &uacute;zkostn&yacute; nebo v krizi, bu&#271;te p&#345;ipraveni ho odk&aacute;zat na &scaron;koln&iacute;ho poradce nebo n&#283;koho jin&eacute;ho, kdo by podle v&aacute;s mohl b&yacute;t u&#382;ite&#269;n&yacute;, pokud o to m&aacute; studuj&iacute;c&iacute; z&aacute;jem.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#268;eho byste se m&#283;li vyvarovat?<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tvrzen&iacute;, &#382;e by se mohlo jednat o n&#283;jakou f&aacute;zi.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tvrzen&iacute;, &#382;e v&aacute;s&nbsp; &bdquo;nezaj&iacute;m&aacute;&ldquo;, k&yacute;m jsou nebo jak se identifikuj&iacute;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dotazov&aacute;n&iacute; se, zda byli sexu&aacute;ln&#283; napadeni.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vypt&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; se na d&#345;&iacute;v&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; zku&scaron;enosti.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#344;&iacute;k&aacute;n&iacute;, &#382;e by bylo nejlep&scaron;&iacute;, kdyby si tyto informace nechali pro sebe.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Razen&iacute;, aby s coming outem po&#269;kali, dokud si nebudou jist&iacute;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Informov&aacute;n&iacute; studuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch o tom, &#382;e si vyb&iacute;raj&iacute; obt&iacute;&#382;nou cestu.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reagov&aacute;n&iacute; ml&#269;en&iacute;m, nete&#269;nost&iacute; nebo odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute;m toho, co studuj&iacute;c&iacute; &#345;ekl\/a.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zpochyb&#328;ov&aacute;n&iacute; jejich jistoty.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P&#345;ed&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; t&eacute;to informace jejich rodin&#283;, p&#345;&aacute;tel&#367;m nebo spolupracovn&iacute;k&#367;m. Pokud v&aacute;m studuj&iacute;c&iacute; ne&#345;ekl\/a n&#283;co, co si vy&#382;aduje, abyste jednali a m&#283;li oznamovac&iacute; povinnost, v&#382;dy ct&#283;te jejich soukrom&iacute;.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Situace 2:<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Transgender d&iacute;vka pou&#382;&iacute;v&aacute; d&iacute;v&#269;&iacute; toalety, jeliko&#382; ostatn&iacute; z&aacute;chody nejsou neutr&aacute;ln&iacute;, jej&iacute; spolu&#382;a&#269;ka ale pod&aacute; st&iacute;&#382;nost veden&iacute; &scaron;koly, proto&#382;e ji st&aacute;le vn&iacute;m&aacute; jako chlapce, navzdory tomu, &#382;e je transgender. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Doporu&#269;en&eacute; opat&#345;en&iacute;: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transgender osoby pou&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; toalety ke stejn&yacute;m &uacute;&#269;el&#367;m jako nebin&aacute;rn&iacute; osoby (tj. k myt&iacute; rukou a k &uacute;lev&#283;). &Scaron;koly by m&#283;ly poskytnout genderov&#283; neutr&aacute;ln&iacute; toalety, aby se p&#345;ede&scaron;lo konflikt&#367;m na z&aacute;klad&#283; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Diskriminace&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lze ji definovat jako nerovn&eacute; nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; zach&aacute;zen&iacute; s ur&#269;itou osobou nebo se skupinou osob v d&#367;sledku p&#345;edsudk&#367;. Nejedn&aacute; se pouze o odsudky nebo nep&#345;&iacute;zniv&eacute; pocity, ale o projevy nesn&aacute;&scaron;enlivosti, kter&eacute; spo&#269;&iacute;vaj&iacute; v odm&iacute;t&aacute;n&iacute; a\/nebo vylu&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute; osob, v&#367;&#269;i nim&#382; m&aacute; &#269;lov&#283;k p&#345;edsudky. It is not only judgements or unfavourable feelings but acts of intolerance that consist of rejecting and\/or excluding people against whom one is prejudiced. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/diskriminace\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">diskriminace<\/a>, jako byl v&yacute;&scaron;e popsan&yacute; p&#345;&iacute;pad. Pokud je nemaj&iacute;, m&#283;lo by veden&iacute; &scaron;koly prost&#345;ednictv&iacute;m v&yacute;chovn&eacute;ho poradce informovat osoby, kter&eacute; projevuj&iacute; nepohodl&iacute;, &#382;e je d&#367;le&#382;it&eacute; pochopit to, &#382;e transgender d&iacute;vka se c&iacute;t&iacute; jako &#382;ena, a proto m&aacute; pr&aacute;vo pou&#382;&iacute;vat d&iacute;v&#269;&iacute; toalety.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Situace 3<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">:<\/span> Odd&#283;lov&aacute;n&iacute; &#269;innost&iacute; podle <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Pohlav&iacute;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;v &#269;esk&eacute;m kontextu se pohlav&iacute;m mysl&iacute; a) biologick&eacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy to, jak&eacute; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny, chromozomy nebo slo&#382;en&iacute; hormon&#367; m&aacute;me; b) &uacute;&#345;edn&iacute; pohlav&iacute;, tedy &uacute;daj na rodn&eacute;m listu a jin&yacute;ch dokladech nebo c) p&#345;enesen&#283; pohlavn&iacute; org&aacute;ny.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/pohlavi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">pohlav&iacute;<\/a> d&#283;t&iacute;. Tato segregace m&#367;&#382;e p&#345;edstavovat probl&eacute;m pro trans\/nebin&aacute;rn&iacute;\/genderov&#283; rozmanit&eacute; studuj&iacute;c&iacute;. D&#283;len&iacute; tohoto typu nem&aacute; velk&yacute; smysl, proto&#382;e podporuje p&#345;ej&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; a utvrzov&aacute;n&iacute; stereotyp&#367; spojen&yacute;ch s pohlav&iacute;m. Skupiny lze vytvo&#345;it t&#345;&iacute;d&#283;n&iacute;m podle jin&yacute;ch krit&eacute;ri&iacute;: vztah&#367;, znalost&iacute;, abecedn&iacute;ho po&#345;ad&iacute;, po&#345;ad&iacute; p&#345;&iacute;chodu, n&aacute;hodn&eacute;ho po&#345;ad&iacute; atd.<\/span><\/p><h3>9.5.4. P&#344;&Iacute;KLADY DOBR&Eacute; PRAXE<\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8532 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1728\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1.png 1728w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-20x10.png 20w, https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/04\/CatnessGames_LGTBI_people_celebrating_pride_for_kids_education_82213724-fcd3-4a16-a44e-af58de8a6bf7_1-1536x768.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1728px) 100vw, 1728px\"\/><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Krom&#283; doporu&#269;en&iacute; uveden&yacute;ch ve v&yacute;&scaron;e popsan&yacute;ch situac&iacute;ch mohou b&yacute;t pro vyu&#269;uj&iacute;c&iacute; u&#382;ite&#269;n&eacute; i dal&scaron;&iacute; n&aacute;vrhy:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Bu&#271;te ochotni se sezn&aacute;mit se z&aacute;kladn&iacute;mi pojmy. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dne&scaron;n&iacute; mlad&iacute; lid&eacute; u&#382;&iacute;vaj&iacute; &#269;ast&#283;ji ne&#382; kdy d&#345;&iacute;ve &scaron;irokou slovn&iacute; z&aacute;sobu, s jej&iacute;&#382; pomoc&iacute; vyjad&#345;uj&iacute; svou identitu. Je mo&#382;n&eacute;, &#382;e v&aacute;m bude tento slovn&iacute;k nezn&aacute;m&yacute;, ale porozum&#283;n&iacute; t&#283;mto pojm&#367;m m&#367;&#382;e pedagog&#367;m otev&#345;&iacute;t dve&#345;e k tomu, aby se z nich stali efektivn&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; spojenci <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> studuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch. T&#283;mito znalostmi se rozum&iacute; nap&#345;&iacute;klad znalost rozd&iacute;lu mezi biologick&yacute;m pohlav&iacute;m, genderovou identitou a genderov&yacute;m vyj&aacute;d&#345;en&iacute;m, mezi <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Cisgender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Osoba, jej&iacute;&#382; genderov&aacute; identita je v souladu s pohlav&iacute;m, kter&eacute; j&iacute; bylo zaps&aacute;no p&#345;i narozen&iacute;, popisuje osoby, kter&eacute; nejsou transgender.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/cisgender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">cisgender<\/a> a transgender a mimo jin&eacute; i mezi asexualitou a pansexualitou.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Uleh&#269;ujte konverzace o identit&#283; a bu&#271;te citliv&iacute;. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ve chv&iacute;li, kdy se ve t&#345;&iacute;d&#283; objev&iacute; ot&aacute;zky t&yacute;kaj&iacute;c&iacute; se osobn&iacute; identity, mohou b&yacute;t konverzace nep&#345;edv&iacute;dateln&eacute;. Spr&aacute;vn&#283; v&eacute;st tyto rozhovory znamen&aacute; c&iacute;tit se pohodln&#283; v nepohodl&iacute; &ndash; znamen&aacute; to uv&#283;domovat si vlastn&iacute; p&#345;edsudky a p&#345;edpojatosti a rovn&#283;&#382; to znamen&aacute; spol&eacute;hat se na konzistentn&iacute; model kultivovan&eacute; diskuze ve t&#345;&iacute;d&#283;, kter&yacute; v&aacute;m umo&#382;n&iacute; rozv&aacute;&#382;n&#283; zvl&aacute;dat emocion&aacute;ln&iacute; reakce.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Zpochyb&#328;ujte prost&#345;ednictv&iacute;m aktivit ve t&#345;&iacute;d&#283; <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Genderov&eacute; normy&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Jedn&aacute; se o pom&#283;ry a o&#269;ek&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;, kter&yacute;m se &#382;eny a mu&#382;i obecn&#283; &#345;&iacute;d&iacute; z hlediska p&#345;edstav o tom, jak&eacute; by d&iacute;vky a chlapci, &#382;eny a mu&#382;i m&#283;li b&yacute;t a jak by se m&#283;li chovat.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/genderove-normy\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">genderov&eacute; normy<\/a>. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chcete-li vybudovat t&#345;&iacute;du, kter&aacute; bude inkluzivn&iacute; pro lidi v&scaron;ech genderov&yacute;ch identit, posu&#271;te sv&eacute; konkr&eacute;tn&iacute;, ka&#382;dodenn&iacute; postupy ve t&#345;&iacute;d&#283;. N&iacute;&#382;e uv&aacute;d&iacute;me n&#283;kolik n&aacute;vrh&#367; jak posoudit genderovou inkluzivitu ve va&scaron;&iacute; t&#345;&iacute;d&#283;:<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prohl&eacute;dn&#283;te si t&#345;&iacute;du a zkontrolujte n&aacute;st&#283;nky a dal&scaron;&iacute; viditeln&#283; um&iacute;st&#283;n&eacute; materi&aacute;ly. Jsou na nich zobrazeni lid&eacute; s rozmanit&yacute;mi genderov&yacute;mi projevy? Jsou na nich zobrazeny r&#367;zn&eacute; rodiny v&#269;etn&#283; rodin tvo&#345;en&yacute;ch <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> lidmi?<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odkazujte se na skupiny d&#283;t&iacute; jako na studuj&iacute;c&iacute;, &#382;actvo, t&#345;&iacute;du, p&#345;&aacute;tele nebo v&scaron;echny. Vyhn&#283;te se bin&aacute;rn&iacute;mu ozna&#269;ov&aacute;n&iacute;&nbsp; &bdquo;chlapci a d&iacute;vky&ldquo;.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vyhn&#283;te se rozd&#283;lov&aacute;n&iacute; &#382;actva podle genderov&yacute;ch hledisek. Rozd&#283;lov&aacute;n&iacute; student&#367; podle bin&aacute;rn&iacute;ho hlediska pouze posiluje pocity odli&scaron;nosti. P&#345;i rozd&#283;lov&aacute;n&iacute; &#382;&aacute;k&#367; do t&yacute;m&#367;, pro pr&aacute;ci ve dvojic&iacute;ch nebo pro formov&aacute;n&iacute; &#345;ady vych&aacute;zejte ze zasedac&iacute;ho po&#345;&aacute;dku, skupin stol&#367; nebo stran t&#345;&iacute;dy.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P&#345;i neform&aacute;ln&iacute;ch rozhovorech se studuj&iacute;c&iacute;mi nevyvozujte domn&#283;nky ohledn&#283; genderov&yacute;ch hledisek. Nikdy si ze studuj&iacute;c&iacute;ch ned&#283;lejte legraci ani nevtipkujte zp&#367;sobem, kter&yacute; by p&#345;edpokl&aacute;dal jejich cisgenderovou identitu nebo heterosexu&aacute;ln&iacute; orientaci.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Povzbuzujte v&scaron;echny studuj&iacute;c&iacute;, aby si zkou&scaron;eli r&#367;zn&eacute; typy aktivit. Necht&#283;jte po skupin&#283;&nbsp; &bdquo;siln&yacute;ch chlapc&#367;&ldquo;, aby pom&aacute;hali nosit n&aacute;bytek, nebo po&nbsp; &bdquo;um&#283;lecky zalo&#382;en&yacute;ch d&iacute;vk&aacute;c&#8203;&#8203;h&ldquo;, aby vyzdobily n&aacute;st&#283;nku. Zapojte v&scaron;echny do &scaron;irok&eacute; &scaron;k&aacute;ly aktivit ve t&#345;&iacute;d&#283; a nab&iacute;dn&#283;te jim rovn&eacute; p&#345;&iacute;le&#382;itosti k &uacute;&#269;asti.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3>9.5.5. REFERENCE<\/h3><p>Axt, J. R., Conway, M. A., &amp; Buttrick, N. R. (2021). Implicit Transgender Attitudes Independently Predict Beliefs About <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Gender<\/a> and Transgender People. <em>Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 47 (2<\/em>), 257-274.<\/p><p>Basti&aacute;n, B., &amp; Haslam, N. (2006). Psychological essentialism and stereotype endorsement. <em>Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42(2)<\/em>, 228&ndash;235.<\/p><p>Davidson, M., &amp; Czopp, A. (2014). Too close for comfort: The moderating role of essentialism in transprejudice. Poster presented at the 2014 Society for Personality and Social Psychology meeting, Austin, TX.<\/p><p>Gallagher, N., &amp; Bodenhausen, G. (2021). <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Gender<\/a> essentialism and the mental representation of transgender women and men: A multimethod investigation of stereotype content. <em>Cognition, 217<\/em>, 104887.<\/p><p>Glazier, J., Gomez, E., &amp; Olson, K. (2021). The Association Between Prejudice Toward and Essentialist Beliefs About Transgender People. <em>Collabra: Psychology, 7(1).<\/em><\/p><p>Nagoshi, C. T., Cloud, J. R., Lindley, L. M., Nagoshi, J. L., &amp; Lothamer, L. J. (2018). A Test of the Three-Component Model of <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Gender<\/a>-Based Prejudices: Homophobia and Transphobia Are Affected by Raters&rsquo; and Targets&rsquo; Assigned Sex at Birth. <em>Sex Roles, 80<\/em>, 137&ndash;146.<\/p><p>Prusaczyk, E., &amp; Hodson, G. (2020). The Roles of Political Conservatism and Binary <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Gender<\/a> Beliefs in Predicting Prejudices Toward Gay Men and People <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;WHO&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Sv&#283;tov&aacute; zdravotnick&aacute; organizace&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/who\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Who<\/a> Are Transgender. <em>Sex Roles, 82<\/em>, 438&ndash;446.<\/p><p>Rad, M. S., Shackleford, C., Lee, K. A., Jassin, K., &amp; Ginges, J. (2019) Folk theories of <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">gender<\/a> and anti-transgender attitudes: <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Gender<\/a> differences and policy preferences. <em>PLOS ONE 14(12)<\/em>: e0226967<\/p><p>Rhodes, M., Leslie, S., &amp; Tworek, C. (2012). Cultural transmission of social essentialism. <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(34<\/em>), 13526&ndash;13531.<\/p><p>Schlatter, E., &amp; Steinback, R. (2011). 10 anti-gays myths debunked. Intelligence report.<\/p><p>Smiler, A., &amp; Gelman, S. (2008). Determinants of <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Gender<\/a> Essentialism in College Students. <em>Sex Roles, 58 (11&ndash;12)<\/em>, 864&ndash;874.<\/p><p>Wilton, L. S., Bell, A. N., Carpinella, C. M., Young, D. M., Meyers, C., &amp; Clapham, R. (2019). Lay Theories of <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Gender&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Gender je mnohorozm&#283;rn&yacute;m konstruktem, kter&yacute; m&aacute; psychologick&yacute;, soci&aacute;ln&iacute; a behavior&aacute;ln&iacute; rozm&#283;r, zahrnuje genderovou identitu a genderov&eacute; vyjad&#345;ov&aacute;n&iacute;. N&#283;kdy se setk&aacute;v&aacute;me s pojmem &amp;quot;soci&aacute;ln&iacute; pohlav&iacute;&amp;quot;, proto&#382;e jeho v&yacute;znam nevztahujeme k n&#283;jak&eacute; biologick&eacute; danosti, ale k tomu jak&eacute; vlastnosti spole&#269;nost a p&#345;&iacute;slu&scaron;n&aacute; kultura lidem p&#345;isuzuje na z&aacute;klad&#283; jejich genderov&eacute; identity.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/gender\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Gender<\/a> Influence Support for Women and Transgender People&rsquo;s Legal Rights. <em>Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10(7)<\/em>, 883&ndash;894.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> lid&eacute; jsou st&aacute;le ovliv&#328;ov&aacute;ni r&#367;zn&yacute;mi p&#345;edsudky a m&yacute;ty, kter&eacute; ve spole&#269;nosti p&#345;etrv&aacute;vaj&iacute;. Nejb&#283;&#382;n&#283;j&scaron;&iacute; m&yacute;ty je t&#345;eba odbour&aacute;vat, abychom doc&iacute;lili stavu, kdy budeme <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> lidi ve spole&#269;nosti pova&#382;ovat za b&#283;&#382;n&eacute;. P&#345;ijet&iacute; a informovanost o r&#367;zn&yacute;ch <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;LGBTQ+&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Lesby, gayov&eacute;, bisexu&aacute;ln&iacute;, transgender, queer a dal&scaron;&iacute; osoby&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/glossary\/lgbtq\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">LGBTQ+<\/a> skupin&aacute;ch, a to jak v r&aacute;mci rodiny, tak v r&aacute;mci vzd&#283;l&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute;, maj&iacute; pozitivn&iacute; dopad na du&scaron;evn&iacute; zdrav&iacute; lid&iacute;, kte&#345;&iacute; [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":10151,"menu_order":32,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-10289","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","no-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/10289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10289"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/10289\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/10151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learn.gamingee.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=10289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}